List of Sanskrit plays in English translation

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Jones published the first English translation of any Sanskrit play (Śakuntalā) in 1789. In 1827, Wilson published the first major survey of Sanskrit drama in English.

Of around 155 extant Sanskrit plays, [a] at least 46 distinct plays by at least 24 authors have been translated into English. William Jones published the first English translation of any Sanskrit play ( Shakuntala ) in 1789. About 3 decades later, Horace Hayman Wilson published the first major English survey of Sanskrit drama, including 6 full translations ( Mṛcchakatika , Vikramōrvaśīyam , Uttararamacarita , Malatimadhava, Mudrarakshasa , and Ratnavali ). These 7 plays — plus Nagananda , Mālavikāgnimitram , and Svapnavasavadattam (the text of which was not discovered until almost a century after Wilson's volumes) — remain the most-translated plays.

Contents

The period of Sanskrit dramas in India begins roughly with the composition of the Natya Shastra (c. 200 BCE – 200 CE) — though this treatise evidences a mature theatrical practice already in existence. Literarily, the period dwindles around the composition of the Natya Shatra's influential abridgment: Dasharupakam (late 10th century CE) — though derivative works continued to be written. "Sanskrit drama" typically contains a mix of Sanskrit and Prakrit though, for example, Bhāsa's Dūtavākya contains no Prakrit, [2] and Rajashekhara's Karpuramanjari is written entirely in Prakrit. [3]

List of translations

Key

Fragmentary passages are not considered here, nor are modern dramas written in Sanskrit.

Table

AuthorSanskrit TitleActsPublished asTranslatorYear
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Sacontalá; or, The Fatal Ring William Jones 1789
Krsna MisraPrabodhacandrodaya6 The Moon of Intellect J. Taylor1812
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijnana Sakuntalam Nabin Chandra Vidyaratna1822
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Toy Cart Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikrama and Urvasi Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 The Latter History of Rama Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
Bhavabhūti Malatimadhava10 Malati and Madhava Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 The Signet of the Minister Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
Harsha Ratnavali 4 The Necklace Horace Hayman Wilson 1827
SubhataMahanataka9 The Dramatic History of King Rama Maharaja Kalikrishna Bahadur1840
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvaśí E. B. Cowell 1851
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Śakoontalá; or, The Lost Ring Monier Monier-Williams 1855
Bhavabhūti Mahaviracharita 7 Adventures of the Great Hero Rama John Pickford1871
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttara Ráma Charita Charles Henry Tawney 1871
Harsha Nagananda 5 Joy of the Snake-world Palmer Boyd1872
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavika and Agnimitra Charles Henry Tawney 1875
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikāgnimitra Gopal Raghunatha Nandargikar1879
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 The Binding of the Braid Sourindra Mohun Tagore 1880
Rajashekhara Viddhasalabhanjika4 Viddhasâlabhanjikâ Kesava Ravaji Godabole1886
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nagananda Anonymous1887
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttararama Charita Krishna Kamal Bhattacharya1891
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Shakuntala; or, The Recovered Ring August Hjalmar Edgren 1894
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavikagnimitra S. Seshadri Ayyar1896
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mâlavikâgnimitram V. S. Apte1897
Bāṇabhaṭṭa Parvati Parinaya5 Parvati Parinaya G. R. Ratnam Aiyar1898
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijnānaśākuntalam M. R. Kāle1898
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 The Vikramorvasiya M. R. Kāle1898
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvasíyam Kesava Balakrishna Paranjpe1898
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 The Signet Ring K. H. Dhruva 1900
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudrarakshasa M. R. Kāle1900
Rajashekhara Karpuramanjari4 Karpūra-mañjarī Charles Rockwell Lanman 1901
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali Srīsachandra Chakravartī1902
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali Bidhubhusan Goswami?1902
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Sakuntala J. G. Jennings1902
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 The Abhijnânaŝakuntala Paraṣurāma Nārāyana Patankar1902
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Sakuntala R. Vasudeva Row1903
HariharaBhartrharinirveda5 Bhartrharinirveda Louis H. Gray 1904
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Little Clay Cart Arthur W. Ryder 1905
Rajashekhara Viddhasalabhanjika4 Viddhaśālabhañjikā Louis H. Gray 1906
Bhavabhūti Malatimadhava10 Mālatīmādhava M. R. Kāle1908
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 Priyadarsika T. V. Srinivasachariar1908
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijnana Sakuntalam S. Ray & K. Ray1908
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Venị̂samhâra M. R. Kāle1910
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttararamacharita M. R. Kāle1911
Harsha Nagananda 5 Joy of the World of Serpents B. Hale Worthham1911
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvasie Aurobindo Ghosh 1911
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Shakuntala Arthur W. Ryder 1912
SubhataDūtāṅgada1 Dūtāṅgada Louis H. Gray 1912
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvaśî Śrî Ānanda Āchārya1914
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Rama's Later History Shripad Krishna Belvalkar 1915
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavika Arthur W. Ryder 1915
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Sakuntala and her Keepsake Roby Datta 1915
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudrarakshasa Shastri & Abhyanker1916
Vedanta Desika Sankalpa-suryodayam10 The Dawn of the Divine Will Narayanacharya & Iyengar1917
Umāpati UpādhyāyaParijataharana1 Pārijāta-Harana George Grierson 1917
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 The Dream Queen Shirreff & Lall1918
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudra-Rakshasam S. Ray & K. Ray1918
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nagananda M. R. Kāle1919
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nâgânanda R. D. Karmarkar1919
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nāgānanda Nerurkar & Joshi1919
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali S. Ray & K. Ray1919
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudra-rakshasa S. C. Chakravarti1919
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Svapnavasavadattam Jain & Shastri1920
Bhāsa Pancaratram3 Pancaratram Waman Gopal Urdhwareshe1920
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Sakuntala Laurence Binyon 1920
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 The Abhijñāna-Sākuntala A. B. Gajendragadkar1920
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvaśîya R. D. Karmarkar1920
Bhāsa Madhyamavyayoga 1 The Madhyama Vyayoga Ernest Paxton Janvier1921
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali M. R. Kāle1921
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Veṇīsaṃhāra K. N. Dravid1922
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Venisamhara A. B. Gajendragadkar1922
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Vāsavadattā V. S. Sukthankar 1923
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 Priyadarśikā Nariman, Jackson & Ogden1923
Bhāsa Avimaraka6 Avimaraka [part 1], [part 2], [part 3] K. Rama Pisharoti1924
Bhāsa Duta-Ghatotkacam1 Duta Ghatotkaca K. Rama Pisharoti1924
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttaracharitam S. Ray & K. Ray1924
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 Mrichchhakatika M. R. Kāle1924
Umāpati UpādhyāyaTraivikramam1 Traivikramam K. Rama Pisharoti1924
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 The Vision of Vāsadattā Lakshman Sarup1925
Bhāsa Dutuvakyam1 Envoy's Declaration Dharmasila Jayaswal1925
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali C. R. Devadhar1925
Vararuchi Ubhayābhisārika 1 Ubhayabhisarika Sukumar Sen1926
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 Pratimā C. R. Devadhar1927
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 Pratima Nataka Shivaram Mahadeo Pranjape1927
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 Pratimā nātakam Kangle & Trivedi1927
Sakthibhadran Āścaryacūḍāmaṇi7 The Wonderful Crest-jewel C. Sankarama Sastri1927
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 Priyadarsika M. R. Kāle1928
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 Priyadarśikā N.G. Suru1928
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Svapnavasavadatta M. R. Kāle1929
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttaramcharitam C. N. Joshi1929
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvasiya Nataka Charu Deva Shastri1929
Bhāsa Abhisheka-natakam6 Abhiṣekanāṭakaṃ V. Venkatarama Shastri1930
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 Pratimā M. R. Kāle1930
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikāgnimitra A. S. Krishna Rao1930
Mahendravarman Mattavilasa Prahasana 1 Matta-vilāsa L. D. Barnett1930
Bhāsa Pratijnayaugandharayana 4 The Minister's Vows Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 The Vision of Vasavadatta Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Daridra-Carudattam4 Carudatta in Poverty Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Pancaratram3 The Five Nights Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Madhyamavyayoga 1 The Middle One Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 The Statue Play Woolner & Sarup1930
Bhāsa Dutuvakyam1 The Embassy Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Duta-Ghatotkacam1 Potsherd as an Envoy Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Karnabharam 1 Karna's Task Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Urubhanga 1 The Broken Thighs Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Avimaraka6 Sheep-killer Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Bala-caritam5 The Adventures of the Boy Krishna Woolner & Sarup1931
Bhāsa Abhisheka-natakam6 The Consecration Woolner & Sarup1931
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijñāna-śākuntalam Ramendra Mohan Bose1931
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nāgānanda Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī1932
DiṇnāgaKundamālā6 Kundamālā Bhanot & Vyas1932
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavikāgnimitram M. R. Kāle1933
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikāgnimitra R. D. Karmarakar1933
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malvikagnimitra Shastri & Shastri1933
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nâgânanda P. V. Ramanujaswami1934
Bhāsa Abhisheka-natakam6 Abhiśeka-Nāṭaka [part 1], [part 2] K. Rama Pisharoti1935
Bhavabhūti Malatimadhava10 Mālatīmādhava R. D. Karmarkar1935
Bhavabhūti Malatimadhava10 Mālatīmādhavam Devadhar & Suru1935
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnāvalī Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī1935
DiṇnāgaKundamālā6 The Jasmine Garland A. C. Woolner 1935
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Svapnavasuvadattam S. K. Mitra1936
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Swapna-vasavadattam Satyendra Nath Sen1937
Bhāsa Urubhanga 1 Ūrubhaṅgam Kailash Nath Bhatnagar1937
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 Mrcchakatika R. D. Karmarakar1937
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Toy-cart of Clay Vasudeva Gopala Paranjpe1937
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Little Clay Cart Revilo P. Oliver 1938
Bhāsa Pratijnayaugandharayana 4 Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇam C. R. Devadhar1939
Bhāsa Daridra-Carudattam4 Charudattam C. R. Devadhar1939
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali Bhattacharya & Das1939
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Little Clay Cart Satyendra Kumar Basu1939
Bhāsa Pratijnayaugandharayana 4 Yaugandharayana's Vows S. N. Simha1940
Bhāsa Urubhanga 1 Breaking of Thighs C. R. Devadhar1940
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudrārāksasa R. D. Karmarakar1940
Bhāsa Pratijnayaugandharayana 4 Yaugandharayana's Vows A. S. P. Ayyar 1941
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 The Vision of Vasavadatta A. S. P. Ayyar 1941
Bhāsa Karnabharam 1 Karna's Burden B. V. Hariyappa1941
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 Pratima-Natakam S. Ray & K. Ray1942
Bhāsa Pancaratram3 The Five Nights Anonymous1943
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Venisamhara R. S. Venkatarama Sastri1943
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Veṇīsaṃhāram Śaṅkararāma Śāstrī1943
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Svapnavāsavadattā Gore & Mehendale1944
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 The Signet Ring Ranjit Sitaram Pandit 1944
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Shakuntala; or, The Lost Token Bela Bose1945
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikrama and Urvasi Bela Bose1945
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavika and Agnimitra Bela Bose1945
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Svapnavāsavadattam C. R. Devadhar1946
Harsha Nagananda 5 The Delight of Serpents Bela Bose1948
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 The Good-looking Bela Bose1948
Harsha Ratnavali 4 A Necklace of Pearls Bela Bose1948
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 Priyadarsika P. V. Ramanujaswami1948
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 The Vikramorvaśīyam Athalye & Bhawe1948
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Mudrārākṣasam Devadhar & Bedekar1948
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 Swapnavasavadattam S. Ray & K. Ray1949
Bhāsa Pratima-natakam7 The Statues Play Anonymous1950
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavikagnimiytra Gaidhani, Mangrulkar & Parikh1950
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Malavikagnimatra Sane, Godbole & Uresekar1950
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijnana-Sakuntalam Śatāvadhāna Śrīnivāsācārya1950
Anonymous Kaumudi-Mahotsava 5 Kaumudī Mahotsava S. R. Shastri1952
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Veṇīsaṃhāram R. R. Deshpande1953
Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa Veni Samhara6 Veṇīsaṃhāram G. V. Devasthali1953
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nāgānanda M. A. Karandikar1953
Harsha Nagananda 5 Nāgānand Toraskar & Deshpande1953
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali Joshi & Watwe1953
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Uttararāmacarita R. D. Karmarkar1954
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali R. N. Gaidhani1955
Shudraka Padmaprabhritaka1 Padmaprābhṛtakam J. R. A. Loman1956
Bhāsa Karnabharam 1 Karṇabhāram C. R. Devadhar1957
Bhāsa Madhyamavyayoga 1 Madhyamavyāyoga C. R. Devadhar1957
Bhāsa Duta-Ghatotkacam1 Dūtaghaṭotkacam C. R. Devadhar1957
Bhāsa Dutuvakyam1 Dūtavākyam C. R. Devadhar1957
Bhāsa Pancaratram3 Pañcharātram C. R. Devadhar1957
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijñāna Śākuntalam C. R. Devadhar1958
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvaśiyam C. R. Devadhar1958
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikāgnimitram C. R. Devadhar1958
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Abhijn̄āna-Sakuntala M. B. Emeneau 1962
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Shakuntala P. Lal 1964
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Toy Cart P. Lal 1964
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 The Signet Ring of Rakshasa P. Lal 1964
Bhāsa Svapnavasavadattam 6 The Dream of Vasavadatta P. Lal 1964
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 The Later Story of Rama P. Lal 1964
Harsha Ratnavali 4 Ratnavali P. Lal 1964
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Little Clay Cart J. A. B. van Buitenen 1968
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 The Minister's Seal J. A. B. van Buitenen 1968
Baudhāyana Bhagavadajjukam 1 The Hermit and the Harlot J. A. B. van Buitenen 1971
ŚyāmilakaPādatāḍitaka1 Pādatāḍitaka Schokker & Worseley1976
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Śakuntalā Michael Coulson1981
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Rākshasa's Ring Michael Coulson1981
Bhavabhūti Malatimadhava10 Mālati and Mādhava Michael Coulson1981
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 Śakuntalā and the Ring of Recollection Barbara Stoler Miller 1984
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Urvasī Won By Valor David Gitomer1984
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikā and Agnimitra Edwin Gerow1984
Bhāsa Madhyamavyayoga 1 The Middle One A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Bhāsa Pancaratram3 Five Nights A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Bhāsa Dutuvakyam1 The Envoy A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Bhāsa Duta-Ghatotkacam1 The Message A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Bhāsa Karnabharam 1 Karna's Burden A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Bhāsa Urubhanga 1 The Shattered Thigh A. N. D. Haksar 1993
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mâlavikâgnimitram Chandra Rajan2002
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Vikramorvasíyam Chandra Rajan2002
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 The Recognition of Śakuntalā Chandra Rajan2002
Jayanta Bhatta Āgamaḍambara 4 Much Ado About Religion Csaba Dezső2005
Vishakhadatta Mudrarakshasa 7 Rākṣasa's Ring Michael Coulson2005
Harsha Ratnavali 4 The Lady of the Jewel Necklace Wendy Doniger 2006
Harsha Priyadarśikā 4 The Lady who Shows her Love Wendy Doniger 2006
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 The Recognition of Shakúntala Somadeva Vasudeva2006
Murāri Anargharāghava ? Rāma Beyond Price Judit Törzsök2006
Bhavabhūti Uttararamacarita 7 Rama's Last Act Sheldon I. Pollock 2007
Kālidāsa Abhijñāna Śākuntalam 7 The Recognition of Śakuntalā W. J. Johnson2008
Harsha Nagananda 5 How the Nāgas were Pleased Andrew Skilton2009
Bhāsa Urubhanga 1 The Shattered Thighs Andrew Skilton2009
Kālidāsa Mālavikāgnimitram 5 Mālavikā and Agnimitra Balogh & Somogyi2009
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 How Úrvashi was Won Rao & Shulman 2009
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Little Clay Cart Diwakar Acharya 2009
Krsna MisraPrabodhacandrodaya6 The Rise of Wisdom Moon Matthew Kapstein 2009
ŚyāmilakaPādatāḍitaka1 The Kick Dezső & Vasudeva2009
Vararuchi Ubhayābhisārika 1 The Mutual Elopement Dezső & Vasudeva2009
Shudraka Padmaprabhritaka1 The Lotus Gift Dezső & Vasudeva2009
ĪśvaradattaDhūrtavitasaṃvāda1 Rogue and Pimp Confer Dezső & Vasudeva2009
Shudraka Mṛcchakatika 10 The Clay Toy-Cart Padmini Rajappa2018
Kālidāsa Vikramōrvaśīyam 5 Quest for Urvashi A. N. D. Haksar 2021

Notes and references

Notes

  1. Schuyler listed 142 extant Sanskrit dramas; [1] adding the 13 dramas discovered shortly thereafter and attributed to Bhāsa would bring the total to 155.

References

  1. Schuyler 1991, pp. 101–105.
  2. Keith 1924, p. 121.
  3. Keith 1924, pp. 233–234.

Bibliography

Translations

Anonymous

  • Anonymous (1952). Kaumudī Mahotsava. Translated by Shastri, Sakuntala Rao. Bombay.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Bāṇabhaṭṭa

Baudhāyana

Bhāsa

Bhaṭṭa Nārāyaṇa

Bhavabhūti

Diṇnāga

Harihara

  • Harihara (1904). "The Bhartrharinirveda of Harihara, Now First Translated from the Sanskrit and Prākrit". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 25. Translated by Gray, Louis H.: 197–230. doi:10.2307/592562. JSTOR   592562 .

Harsha

Jayanta Bhatta

Kālidāsa

Krsna Misra

Mahendravarman

  • Mahendravarman (1930). "Matta-vilāsa: A Farce". Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London. 5 (4). Translated by Barnett, L. D.: 697–717. ISSN   1356-1898. JSTOR   607015.

Murāri

  • Murāri (2006). Rāma Beyond Price. Translated by Törzsök, Judit. New York: New York University Press. ISBN   978-0814782958.

Rajashekhara

Sakthibhadran

  • Sakthibhadran (1927). The Wonderful Crest-jewel. Translated by Sastri, C. Sankarama. Madras: Sri Balamanorama Press. OCLC   5717201.

Subhata

Shudraka

Śyāmilaka

  • Śyāmilaka (1976). Pādatāḍitaka of Śyāmilaka. Vol. 2: Translation. Translated by Schokker, G.H.; Worseley, P.J. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. ISBN   978-9027704252.

Umāpati Upādhyāya

Vararuchi

Vedanta Desika

Vishakhadatta

Multiple authors

Other references