List of butterflies of India (Coeliadinae)

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Common awl YG Common Awl Hasora badra.jpg
Common awl

A total of 22 species belonging to four genera of the subfamily Coeliadinae (family Hesperiidae), or the awls, awlets and awlkings, as they are commonly called, are found in India. These are relatively large skippers which inhabit dense forests, mostly evergreen, and have dicotyledonous host plants. The vividly marked, smooth, cylindrical caterpillars construct cells from leaves within which they metamorphose into stout pupae. These skippers tend to synchronise egg-laying followed by migration, sometimes to sub-optimal habitats in search of fresh supplies of host plants.

Contents

The awls and related genera have long, narrow forewings, rounded hindwings with a characteristic deep fold at the inner margin and produced at the tornus. The adult sexes are alike excepting that males have specialised scales and scent brands on the forewings. They have large labial palpi which have a thin third segment protruding ahead of the eye. The eyes are large, an adaptation to the crepuscular habits of this species.

Checklist

Badamia – brown awl

Brown awl Brown awl.jpg
Brown awl

Bibasis – diurnal awlets

Note: Bibasis contains just three diurnal species, of which only one occurs in India; the crepuscular remainder having been removed to Burara . The species now shifted to Burara are morphologically and behaviorally distinct from Bibasis, within which many authors have formerly included them. [3]

Burara – crepuscular awlets

Orange-striped awl Orange banded awl.JPG
Orange-striped awl

Choaspes – awlkings

Indian awlking Choaspes benjaminii.jpg
Indian awlking

Hasora – awls

Common banded awl Common banded owl.jpg
Common banded awl

This list forms part of the full List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete List of butterflies of India.

See also

Cited references

  1. ↑ Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Badamia.
  2. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Badamia exclamationis​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
  3. ↑ Vane-Wright and de Jong (2003) (see TOL web pages on genus Bibasis and genus Burara in the Tree of Life Web Project)
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Bibasis.
  5. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis sena​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  6. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis gomata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
  8. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis amara​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  9. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis anadi​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  10. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis harisa​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  11. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis jaina​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  12. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis oedipodea​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  13. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Bibasis vasutana​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 16 October 2007.
  14. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Choaspes benjaminii​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera – page on genus Choaspes.
  16. 1 2 3 4 TOL web page on genus Choaspes
  17. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Choaspes plateni​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  18. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Choaspes xanthopogon​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  19. ↑ The common name similar awlking is that of taxon similis (vide Evans (1932)) which is not recognised as a valid species by Savela and by TOLWeb (ref its page on genus Choaspes). Taxon similis is now considered to be a synonym of taxon xanthopogon.
  20. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Choaspes hemixanthus ssp. furcata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  21. ↑ The species is considered to be furcata by LepIndex, and as furcatus by TOLWeb. Savela gives it as furcatus without appropriate reference for the change. Accordingly it is being retained as furcata, with furcatus as redirect, pending the availability of a proper reference.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Markku Savela's website on Lepidoptera Page on genus Hasora.
  23. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora anura​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TOL web page on genus Hasora
  25. ↑ Hasora alexis (Fabricius, 1775) is a synonym of H. chromus vide Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora chromus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.
  26. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora chromus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  27. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora taminatus​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  28. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora schoenherr​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  29. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora badra​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  30. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora vitta​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  31. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora khoda​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  32. ↑ Evans in The Identification of Indian Butterflies, (1932) (ser no I 1.9, pp 224) records it as occurring in the Nicobars.
  33. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora leucospila​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
  34. ↑ Evans in The Identification of Indian Butterflies, (1932) (ser no I 1.10, pp 224) records it as occurring in the Nicobars.
  35. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Hasora salanga​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum.. Retrieved 2 October 2007.

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