The 16th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1819, to March 4, 1821, during the third and fourth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1810 United States census. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
The 1818–19 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between April 26, 1818 and August 12, 1819. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 16th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1819. They occurred during President James Monroe's first term. Also, newly admitted Alabama elected its first representatives in September 1819, increasing the size of the House to 186 seats.
The 1819/1820 United States Senate election in New York was held on February 2, 1819, and January 8, 1820, by the New York State Legislature to elect a U.S. Senator to represent the State of New York in the United States Senate.
The 1818–19 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1818 and 1819, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock. In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
Massachusetts elected its members November 2, 1818. Massachusetts's electoral law required a majority for election, necessitating additional elections in five districts on April 5, 1819, and July 26, 1819.
In the 1816 elections in Pennsylvania, David Scott (DR) won one of the two seats in the 10th district, but resigned before the 15th Congress began, having been appointed judge of the court of common pleas. A special election was held on October 14, 1817 to fill the resulting vacancy.
During the 15th Congress, there were two special elections in the 6th district of Pennsylvania, both held in the year 1818. The 6th district at that time was a plural district with two seats, both of which became vacant at different times in 1818. The first vacancy was caused by John Ross (DR) resigning on February 24, 1818 and the second was caused by Samuel D. Ingham (DR) resigning July 6.
On April 20, 1818, Jacob Spangler (DR) resigned from Congress, where he'd represented Pennsylvania's 4th district. A special election was held that year to fill the resulting vacancy.
Georgia's at-large congressional district special election, 1819 was called to fill a vacancy created when the former congressman was elected to the United States Senate.
On January 1, 1818, a special election was held in North Carolina's 7th district to fill a vacancy left by the death of Representative-elect Alexander McMillan (F) before the 15th Congress had assembled.
Illinois elected its member August 2, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. The incumbent had just been elected to the new seat in late 1818.
On May 15, 1820, David Fullerton (DR) of Pennsylvania's 5th district resigned from his seat in the House of Representatives. A special election was held on October 10, 1820 to fill the resulting vacancy. This election was held on the same day as the election for the 17th Congress.
Illinois elected its new member sometime in 1818, after gaining statehood.
Virginia elected its members in April 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened.
The 2022 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 8, 2022, to elect the governor of Alabama. Incumbent Governor Kay Ivey (R) took office on April 10, 2017 upon the resignation of Robert J. Bentley (R) and won a full term in 2018. She won her bid for a second full term in a landslide.
The 1819 Rhode Island gubernatorial election was an uncontested election held on April 21, 1819 to elect the Governor of Rhode Island. Nehemiah Rice Knight, the incumbent Governor and Democratic-Republican nominee, was the only candidate and so won with 100% of the vote.
The 1819 Vermont gubernatorial election for Governor of Vermont took place in September and October, and resulted in the election of Jonas Galusha to a one-year term.
The 1819 Delaware gubernatorial election was held on October 5, 1819. Incumbent Federalist Governor John Clark was unable to seek re-election due to term limits. State Senator Henry Molleston ran as Clark's successor, winning the Federalist nomination. He faced Manaen Bull, Clark's 1816 opponent, and the Democratic-Republican nominee. Molleston won by a fairly wide margin, but died on November 11, 1819, prior to assuming office. State Senate President Jacob Stout became Governor and a special election was held in 1820.
The 1819 New Hampshire gubernatorial election was held on March 9, 1819.