This list of mammals in Quebec is based on the "List of vertebrate fauna of Quebec". [1] It includes species that have disappeared in recent history and introduced species. It contains 97 species in nine orders: one species of didelphimorphs, ten species of insectivores, eight species of chiropterans, three species of lagomorphs, 25 species of rodents, 21 species of fissipeds, five species of artiodactyls, seven species of pinnipeds, and 17 species of cetaceans.
This list is focused on wild mammals only. As such, humans, domesticated mammals and exotic pets are not included.
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Didelphidae | ||||
 | Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana | LC | The only marsupial in North America. Poorly adapted to Quebec winters, it can disappear completely from the northern part of its range during harsh winters until individuals from the south recolonize the territory. [2] |  |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Soricidae | ||||
 | Cinereus shrew Sorex cinereus | LC | The most widespread shrew in Quebec and North America. [3] [4] Often also the most abundant in the habitats it occupies, particularly in the boreal forest. [2] |  |
 | Smoky shrew Sorex fumeus | LC |  | |
 | Arctic shrew Sorex arcticus | LC | The distribution of this species corresponds largely to the boreal forest. [4] |  |
 | Long-tailed shrew Sorex dispar | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Gaspé shrew Sorex gaspensis | NE | Rare, this shrew is also the only endemic to Canada. [4] In Quebec, it is found in the regions of Gaspésie, Chaudière-Appalaches and Estrie. [6] It is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [5] |  |
 | American water shrew Sorex palustris | LC | This shrew has an extensive range, but it is not abundant and rarely observed. [3] [4] |  |
| | American pygmy shrew Sorex hoyi | LC | The smallest mammal in eastern Canada. [2] Although its range is vast, this shrew is rare. [3] |  |
 | Northern short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda | LC | Common within its range. [3] |  |
| Family Talpidae | ||||
 | Hairy-tailed mole Parascalops breweri | LC |  | |
 | Star-nosed mole Condylura cristata | LC | The most northern of the North American moles. [3] |  |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Vespertilionidae | ||||
 | Little brown bat Myotis lucifugus | LC | COSEWIC considers this species as endangered. [7] |  |
 | Northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis | LC | COSEWIC considers this species as endangered. [8] |  |
 | Eastern small-footed bat Myotis leibii | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus | LC | COSEWIC considers this species as endangered. [9] The MFFP considers it likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [5] |  |
 | Silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans | LC | Migratory species. [10] This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Eastern red bat Lasiurus borealis | LC | Migratory species. [11] This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus | LC | Migratory species. [12] This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus | LC |  | |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Leporidae | ||||
 | Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus | LC | Expanding in southern Quebec. [2] |  |
 | Snowshoe hare Lepus americanus | LC | Introduced to Anticosti Island during the winter of 1902-1903. [13] |  |
 | Arctic hare Lepus arcticus | LC |  | |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Sciuridae | ||||
 | Eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus | LC |  | |
 | Least chipmunk Tamias minimus | LC |  | |
 | Groundhog Marmota monax | LC |  | |
 | Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis | LC | The Eastern gray squirrel has been introduced to various locations in western North America, England, Scotland, Ireland, Italy and South Africa. [3] |  |
 | American red squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus | LC |  | |
 | Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [5] |  |
 | Northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus | LC |  | |
| Family Castoridae | ||||
 | North American beaver Castor canadensis | LC | Introduced to Anticosti Island in 1890, in the Haida Gwaii archipelago, in Finland (1937), in the Kamchatka peninsula, in Poland, in Tierra del Fuego (1948), in Argentina and in France (1970s). [13] [2] [3] |  |
| Family Cricetidae | ||||
 | Deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus | LC | This species occupies a large part of North America and is abundant. It is found in a great variety of habitats. Its swimming abilities have allowed it to colonize several islands. [3] |  |
 | White-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus | LC |  | |
 | Southern red-backed vole Myodes gapperi | LC |  | |
| | Eastern heather vole Phenacomys ungava | LC | The taxonomy of this species is subject to controversy. Some consider P. ungava as an integral part of P. intermedius. [3] |  |
 | Woodland vole Microtus pinetorum | LC | Present only in southern Estrie and Montérégie. The MFFP considers this species likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [4] COSEWIC considers the status of this species as special concern. |  |
 | Meadow vole Microtus pennsylvanicus | LC | Extensive distribution. Present throughout Quebec. [3] |  |
 | Rock vole Microtus chrotorrhinus | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [4] |  |
 | Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus | LC | Introduced to Anticosti Island in 1930. |  |
 | Southern bog lemming Synaptomys cooperi | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [4] |  |
| | Northern bog lemming Synaptomys borealis | LC |  | |
 | Ungava collared lemming Dicrostonyx hudsonius | LC | Endemic to the Quebec-Labrador peninsula. |  |
| Family Muridae | ||||
 | Brown rat Rattus norvegicus | LC | Originally from East Asia, the Brown rat has colonized all continents except Antarctica. It is estimated to have appeared in North America around 1750. Distribution in northern regions is fluctuating given that winter cold often decimates populations, but these are constantly renewed with the reintroduction of new individuals via maritime transport. [3] |  |
 | Black rat Rattus rattus | LC | Originally from Asia, like the Brown rat, the Black rat has colonized all continents except Antarctica via maritime transport. In Quebec, it is found only in the Port of Montreal where its presence is increasing. |  |
 | House mouse Mus musculus | LC | Originally from the Old World, the House mouse was introduced to Canada during the 17th century. |  |
| Family Dipodidae | ||||
 | Meadow jumping mouse Zapus hudsonius | LC |  | |
 | Woodland jumping mouse Napaeozapus insignis | LC |  | |
| Family Erethizontidae | ||||
 | North American porcupine Erethizon dorsatum | LC |  | |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Canidae | ||||
 | Coyote Canis latrans | LC | In constant expansion since European colonization. [3] The first mention in Quebec comes from Luskville in the municipality of Pontiac in 1944. [14] [15] |  |
 | Gray wolf Canis lupus | LC | COSEWIC considers the Eastern wolf (C. l. lycaon) as threatened. Formerly present throughout Quebec, it was decimated from regions south of the St. Lawrence River during the second half of the 19th century. [16] [17] [18] |  |
 | Arctic fox Vulpes lagopus | LC | The Arctic fox has the most insulating fur of all mammals. [19] |  |
 | Red fox Vulpes vulpes | LC |  | |
 | Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus | LC | COSEWIC considers this species as threatened. [20] |  |
| Family Ursidae | ||||
 | American black bear Ursus americanus | LC | Once abundant on Anticosti Island, the American black bear is now extinct there. [21] |  |
 | Polar bear Ursus maritimus | VU | MFFP considers the Polar bear as vulnerable. [4] COSEWIC considers the status of this species as special concern. [22] |  |
 | Grizzly bear Ursus arctos | LC | A now extinct population of Grizzly bear once occupied northern Quebec and Labrador until the beginning of the twentieth century. [23] |  |
| Family Procyonidae | ||||
 | Raccoon Procyon lotor | LC | Introduced to the Haida Gwaii archipelago, Prince Edward Island, Grand Manan Island, Europe and Russia. [3] |  |
| Family Mustelidae | ||||
 | American marten Martes americana | LC | Disappeared from Anticosti Island at the beginning of the 20th century. [24] |  |
 | Fisher Martes pennanti | LC |  | |
 | Stoat Mustela erminea | LC |  | |
 | Least weasel Mustela nivalis | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [4] |  |
 | Long-tailed weasel Mustela frenata | LC |  | |
 | American mink Neovison vison | LC | Introduced to South America, Europe and Asia. [3] |  |
 | Wolverine Gulo gulo | LC | COSEWIC considers the status of the Wolverine as special concern. [25] In Quebec, the range and abundance have greatly diminished from the 19th century. [26] |  |
 | North American river otter Lontra canadensis | LC |  | |
| Family Mephitidae | ||||
 | Striped skunk Mephitis mephitis | LC |  | |
| Family Felidae | ||||
 | Cougar Puma concolor | LC | The Cougar is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [4] The population has undergone significant decline in eastern North America, but recently several signs may betray a return of the species. [27] [28] |  |
 | Canada lynx Lynx canadensis | LC |  | |
 | Bobcat Lynx rufus | LC |  | |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Cervidae | ||||
 | White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus | LC | Introduced to Anticosti Island in 1896. |  |
 | Moose Alces americanus | LC |  | |
 | Woodland caribou Rangifer tarandus caribou | NE | The status of the subspecies R. t. caribou is not evaluated by the IUCN, but the status of the species R. tarandus is of least concern. The Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks considers the Woodland caribou, forest ecotype as vulnerable, but the Woodland caribou, mountain ecotype, Gaspésie population as threatened. [4] COSEWIC considers the Gaspésie-Atlantic, Eastern migratory and Torngat Mountains populations as endangered and the boreal population as threatened. [29] [30] [31] [32] |  |
 | Elk Cervus canadensis | LC | The subspecies C. c. canadensis, now extinct, once occupied southern Quebec until the 1830s. The first specimen of this species described by Johann Christian Erxleben in 1777 came from Quebec. [33] [34] |  |
| Family Bovidae | ||||
 | Muskox Ovibos moschatus | LC | Muskoxen were introduced in 1967 in the Kuujjuaq region. Initially captive, they were released to return to the wild from 1973. [35] |  |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Phocidae | ||||
 | Harbor seal Phoca vitulina | LC | COSEWIC considers the Lacs des Loups Marins subspecies (P. v. mellonae) as endangered. [36] The MFFP considers the same subspecies as likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [4] |  |
 | Grey seal Halichoerus grypus | LC |  | |
 | Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus | LC |  | |
 | Hooded seal Cystophora cristata | VU |  | |
 | Ringed seal Pusa hispida | LC |  | |
 | Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus | LC |  | |
| Family Odobenidae | ||||
 | Walrus Odobenus rosmarus | VU | The MFFP considers this species as likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [4] COSEWIC considers the status of the Central Arctic and Low Arctic population (O. r. rosmarus) as special concern. A population once occupied the coastal waters of the Maritimes and the Gulf of St. Lawrence until the 1800s but was hunted to extinction. [37] [38] |  |
| Photo | Names (English / Scientific) | IUCN Status | Notes | Range Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family Phocoenidae | ||||
 | Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena | LC | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP and COSEWIC considers it as special concern. [39] |  |
| Family Delphinidae | ||||
 | Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutus | LC |  | |
 | White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostris | LC |  | |
 | Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis | LC |  | |
 | Long-finned pilot whale Globicephala melas | LC |  | |
 | Killer whale Orcinus orca | DD | COSEWIC considers the Northwest Atlantic and Eastern Arctic population as special concern. [40] |  |
| Family Monodontidae | ||||
 | Beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas | LC | The Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks considers the St. Lawrence Estuary population as threatened and the Eastern Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay populations as likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable. [4] COSEWIC considers the St. Lawrence Estuary, Eastern Hudson Bay and Ungava Bay populations as threatened. [41] [42] [43] |  |
 | Narwhal Monodon monoceros | NT | COSEWIC considers the status of this species as special concern. [44] |  |
| Family Ziphiidae | ||||
 | Northern bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatus | DD | COSEWIC considers the Scotian Shelf population as endangered and the Davis Strait, Baffin Bay and Labrador Sea population as special concern. [45] [46] |  |
| Family Physeteridae | ||||
 | Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus | VU |  | |
| Family Balaenopteridae | ||||
 | Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata | LC |  | |
 | Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus | VU | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP [4] and COSEWIC considers the Atlantic population as special concern. [47] |  |
 | Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis | EN |  | |
 | Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus | EN | This species is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. COSEWIC considers the Atlantic population as endangered. [48] |  |
 | Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae | LC |  | |
| Family Balaenidae | ||||
 | North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis | EN | The North Atlantic right whale is likely to be designated threatened or vulnerable by the MFFP. [4] Population recovery is hindered by human-caused mortality. [49] |  |
 | Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus | LC | COSEWIC considers the Eastern Canada and Western Greenland population as special concern. [50] |  |
The National Museum has secured a specimen from near Luskville, Gatineau County, Quebec, taken Oct. 29, 1944, apparently the first record for Quebec.
This article was translated from Liste des mammifères au Québec.
