List of nearest hypergiants

This is a list of the nearest hypergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 10,000 light-years (3,100 parsecs) from Earth.

While hypergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes 0, Ia-0 or Ia+, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered hypergiants.

List

Name	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Stellar radius (R☉)	Stellar mass (M☉)	Stellar luminosity (L☉)	Apparent magnitude (V)	Notes and References
Mu Cephei	2090-3060 [1] [2]	M2-Ia (M2e Ia or M2 Ia+) [3]	972±228 [1] [4] [5]	25 [6]	269000+111000 −40000	4.08
VV Cephei A	3,319 – 4900	M2 Iab (M1p 0)	660, 1,050	2.5 or 18.2	72,880±16,300	4.91	[7]
VY Canis Majoris	3820+260 −230	M3-M4.5 (M2.5-M5Iae)	1420±120	17±8	270000±40000	6.5-9.6	[8] [9]
HD 183143 (HT Sagittae)	4990±550	B6-8 Ia-0	109±15	24.2±1.4	288000+83000 −65000	6.71-6.95
HD 168625 (V4030 Sagittarii)	5000±200	B6Ia+ (B2-B8)	105		380000	8.30-8.41
HD 168607 (V4029 Sagittarii)	5100±500	B9Ia+	187		240000	8.12-8.29
NML Cygni	5250+420 −360	M4.5–M7.9 Ia–III	1,350+195 −229	25	229,000+40,000 −41,000, 270,000+50,000 −50,000	16.60
P Cygni	5300±590	B1-2Ia-0ep (B1 lapeq)	76	37	610000	4.82
Cygnus OB2-12	5300±590	B3-4Ia+	264	110	1660000	11.702
V915 Scorpii	5600+570 −370	K0Ia-0	685.6	14.7	74,100–185,200	6.22 - 6.64
Zeta¹ Scorpii	6000	B1.5Ia+	103 to 125.5	36 to 53	8.5×105	4.705	[10]
V382 Carinae	6,000	G0-4-Ia+	485 ± 56	24±5.1	212,000 ± 12,300	3.83
V602 Carinae	7000	M3 Ia-Iab	1,015	17.7 - 20	126,000	8.39
S Persei	7900±300	M3 Iae–M7	1,298+64-57 – 1,364±6	20	123,000 – 186,000	9.23
6 Cassiopeiae	8000	A2.5Ia+	193	22.0	200000	5.34-5.45
Rho Cassiopeiae	8150±1630	G2 0 (F8pIa-K0pIa-0)	564 or 700	40	300000-530000	4.1 to 6.2	[11]
BP Crucis	9915.154	B1 Ia+	70	43	470,000	10.83	[12]

See also

• Lists of stars
• List of nearest supergiants
• List of nearest giant stars
• Lists of astronomical objects
• List of nearest stars

References

1. Montargès, M; Homan, W; Keller, D; Clementel, N; Shetye, S; Decin, L; Harper, G M; Royer, P; Winters, J M; Le Bertre, T; Richards, A M S (2019-05-11). "NOEMA maps the CO J = 2 − 1 environment of the red supergiant $\mu$ Cep★". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 485 (2): 2417–2430. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stz397 . ISSN   0035-8711.
2. Davies, Ben; Beasor, Emma R (2020-03-21). "The 'red supergiant problem': the upper luminosity boundary of Type II supernova progenitors". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (1): 468–476. doi: 10.1093/mnras/staa174 . ISSN   0035-8711.
3. Garrison, R. F.; Kormendy, J. (December 1976). "Some characteristics of the young open cluster Trumpler 37". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 88: 865. Bibcode:1976PASP...88..865G. doi:10.1086/130037. ISSN   0004-6280.
4. Josselin, E.; Plez, B. (July 2007). "Atmospheric dynamics and the mass loss process in red supergiant stars". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 469 (2): 671–680. arXiv: 0705.0266 . Bibcode:2007A&A...469..671J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066353. ISSN   0004-6361.
5. Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (August 2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv: astro-ph/0504337 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. ISSN   0004-637X.
6. López Ariste, A.; Wavasseur, M.; Mathias, Ph.; Lèbre, A.; Tessore, B.; Georgiev, S. (February 2023). "The height of convective plumes in the red supergiant μ Cep". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 670: A62. arXiv: 2301.01326 . Bibcode:2023A&A...670A..62L. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244285. ISSN   0004-6361.
7. Rodriguez, Joseph E.; Stassun, Keivan G.; Lund, Michael B.; Siverd, Robert J.; Pepper, Joshua; Tang, Sumin; Kafka, Stella; Gaudi, B. Scott; Conroy, Kyle E.; Beatty, Thomas G.; Stevens, Daniel J.; Shappee, Benjamin J. (May 2016). "An extreme analogue of ε Aurigae: an M-giant eclipsed every 69 years by a large opaque disk surrounding a small hot source". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 123. arXiv: 1601.00135 . Bibcode:2016AJ....151..123R. doi: 10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/123 . S2CID   24349954.
8. Massey, Philip; Levesque, Emily M.; Plez, Bertrand (2006-08-01). "Bringing VY Canis Majoris down to size: an improved determination of its effective temperature". The Astrophysical Journal. 646 (2): 1203–1208. arXiv: astro-ph/0604253 . Bibcode:2006ApJ...646.1203M. doi:10.1086/505025. S2CID   14314968.
9. Humphreys, Roberta M. (2006). "VY Canis Majoris: The Astrophysical Basis of Its Luminosity". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 38: 1047. arXiv: astro-ph/0610433 . Bibcode:2006AAS...20910109G.
10. "* zet01 Sco". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
11. "* rho Cas". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
12. "V* BP Crucis". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2025-03-01.

External links

• Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1" . Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN   1063-7729. S2CID   255195566.