V602 Carinae

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V602 Carinae
Carina constellation map.svg
Location of V602 Car
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0        Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Carina
Right ascension 11h 13m 29.9740s [1]
Declination −60° 05′ 28.838″ [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)8.39 [2] (7.6 - 9.1 [3] )
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage Red supergiant [4] or hypergiant [5] [6] [7]
Spectral type M3 Ia-Iab [8]
U−B color index +2.59 [2]
B−V color index +2.52 [2]
Variable type SRc [3]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)RA: −5.425 [9] mas/yr
Dec.: +2.183 [9] mas/yr
Parallax (π)0.4366±0.0698  mas [9]
Distance approx. 7,000  ly
(approx. 2,300  pc)
Absolute magnitude  (MV)−4.83 (variable) [10]
Details
Mass 17.7 [11]  –20 [12]   M☉
Radius 1,015 [12]   R☉
Luminosity 126,000 [12]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)−0.5 [12]   cgs
Temperature 3,400 [12]   K
Other designations
V602  Carinae, V602 Car, HD  97671, CD−59°3623, IRAS  11113−5949, 2MASS  J11132996−6005288
Database references
SIMBAD data

V602 Carinae (V602 Car, HD 97671) is a red supergiant or hypergiant [5] [6] [7] variable star of spectral type M3 in the constellation Carina. It is considered to be one of largest known stars, being around 1,000 times larger than the Sun. [12]

In 2005, V602 Car was calculated to have a bolometric luminosity below 110,000  L☉ and a radius around 860  R☉ based on the assumption of an effective temperature of 3,550  K . [4] A 2015 study derived a slightly higher bolometric luminosity of 138,000+66,000
−45,000 L☉ based on the measured flux and an assumed distance, and a larger radius of 1,050±165 R☉ based on the measured angular diameter and luminosity. An effective temperature of 3,432±280 K was then calculated from the luminosity and radius. [13] A more recent measurement based on a Gaia Data Release 2 parallax of 0.4366±0.0698  mas gives a luminosity at 125,000–131,000 L☉ with a corresponding radius of 932 R☉ based on the same effective temperature derived in 2005. [14] The radius was measured again in 2024 at 1,015 R☉. [12]

V602 Car has an estimated mass loss rate of 10×10−5  M☉ per year. [12] An excess of emission at long wavelengths from this star, as well as a small amount of silicate emission, suggests that it may be enclosed by an extensive cloud of dust. [15]

A visual band light curve for V602 Carinae, plotted from AAVSO data V602CarLightCurve.png
A visual band light curve for V602 Carinae, plotted from AAVSO data

V602 Car is a semiregular variable star with a maximum brightness range of magnitude 7.6 - 9.1 [16] and a period of 635 [16] or 672 [3] days. Despite the large amplitude of variation, it was only named as a variable star in 2006. [3] [16]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Hog, E.; Kuzmin, A.; Bastian, U.; Fabricius, C.; Kuimov, K.; Lindegren, L.; Makarov, V. V.; Roeser, S. (1998). "The TYCHO Reference Catalogue". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 335: L65. Bibcode:1998A&A...335L..65H.
  2. 1 2 3 Mauron, N.; Josselin, E. (February 2011), "The mass-loss rates of red supergiants and the de Jager prescription", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 526: A156, arXiv: 1010.5369 , Bibcode:2011A&A...526A.156M, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201013993, S2CID   119276502.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S. 1. Bibcode:2009yCat....102025S.
  4. 1 2 Levesque, Emily M.; Massey, Philip; Olsen, K. A. G.; Plez, Bertrand; Josselin, Eric; Maeder, Andre; Meynet, Georges (2005). "The Effective Temperature Scale of Galactic Red Supergiants: Cool, but Not as Cool as We Thought". The Astrophysical Journal. 628 (2): 973–985. arXiv: astro-ph/0504337 . Bibcode:2005ApJ...628..973L. doi:10.1086/430901. S2CID   15109583.
  5. 1 2 Samus', N. N.; Kazarovets, E. V.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2017). "General catalogue of variable stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085.
  6. 1 2 Skiff, B. A. (2014). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009-2016)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/Mk. Originally Published in: Lowell Observatory (October 2014). 1: B/mk. Bibcode:2014yCat....1.2023S.
  7. 1 2 Jones, Terry (2025). "Red and Yellow Hypergiants". Galaxies. 13 (2): 43. arXiv: 2507.15962 . Bibcode:2025Galax..13...43J. doi: 10.3390/galaxies13020043 .
  8. ↑ Keenan, Philip C.; McNeil, Raymond C. (1989). "The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars". Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 71: 245. Bibcode:1989ApJS...71..245K. doi:10.1086/191373. S2CID   123149047.
  9. 1 2 3 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365 . Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 . Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  10. ↑ Melnik, A. M.; Dambis, A. K. (2020). "Distance scale for high-luminosity stars in OB associations and in field with Gaia DR2. Spurious systematic motions". Astrophysics and Space Science. 365 (7): 112. arXiv: 2006.14649 . Bibcode:2020Ap&SS.365..112M. doi:10.1007/s10509-020-03827-0. S2CID   220128144.
  11. ↑ Fadeyev, Yu. A. (2012). "Nonlinear pulsations of red supergiants". Astronomy Letters. 38 (4): 260–270. arXiv: 1112.2365 . Bibcode:2012AstL...38..260F. doi:10.1134/S1063773712040032. S2CID   118612597.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 González-Torà, G.; Wittkowski, M.; Davies, B.; Plez, B. (December 19, 2023). "The effect of winds on atmospheric layers of red supergiants II. Modelling VLTI/GRAVITY and MATISSE observations of AH Sco, KW Sgr, V602 Car, CK Car and V460 Car". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 683: A19. arXiv: 2312.12521 . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202348047. ISSN   0004-6361.
  13. ↑ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Chiavassa, A.; Scholz, M.; Freytag, B.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Wood, P. R.; Abellan, F. J. (2015). "What causes the large extensions of red supergiant atmospheres?. Comparisons of interferometric observations with 1D hydrostatic, 3D convection, and 1D pulsating model atmospheres". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 575: A50. arXiv: 1501.01560 . Bibcode:2015A&A...575A..50A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425212. S2CID   29210064.
  14. ↑ Messineo, M.; Brown, A. G. A. (2019). "A Catalog of Known Galactic K-M Stars of Class I Candidate Red Supergiants in Gaia DR2". The Astronomical Journal. 158 (1): 20. arXiv: 1905.03744 . Bibcode:2019AJ....158...20M. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab1cbd . S2CID   148571616.
  15. ↑ Humphreys, Roberta M.; Strecker, Donald W.; Ney, E. P. (February 1972), "Spectroscopic and Photometric Observations of M Supergiants in Carina", Astrophysical Journal, 172: 75, Bibcode:1972ApJ...172...75H, doi: 10.1086/151329 .
  16. 1 2 3 Kazarovets, E. V.; Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E. N. (2006). "The 78th Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 5721: 1. Bibcode:2006IBVS.5721....1K.
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