List of non-marine molluscs of Puerto Rico

Location of Puerto Rico

The non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico are a part of the molluscan fauna of Puerto Rico. A number of species of non-marine mollusks are found in the wild in Puerto Rico. Non-marine mollusks refer to a diverse group of soft-bodied invertebrates that include snails, slugs, and various shell-bearing creatures. In Puerto Rico, these creatures play a crucial role in the island's ecosystems. Here are some aspects to consider when exploring the non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico:

**1. ** Diversity of Species:

• Puerto Rico's diverse ecosystems, which range from lush rainforests to arid coastal regions, provide a rich habitat for a wide variety of non-marine mollusk species. This diversity can be attributed to the island's varied topography and climate.

**2. ** Habitat and Adaptations:

• Non-marine mollusks in Puerto Rico exhibit a range of adaptations to their specific habitats. For example, some species are adapted to high-altitude cloud forests, while others thrive in lowland rainforests, and still, others are found in urban areas.

**3. ** Ecological Significance:

• These creatures contribute significantly to the island's ecosystems. They play vital roles in nutrient cycling, seed dispersal, and even serve as food sources for various predators, including birds, mammals, and insects.

**4. ** Endemic Species:

• Like many island ecosystems, Puerto Rico has a number of mollusk species that are found nowhere else on Earth. These endemic species are particularly important for conservation efforts, as they are often more vulnerable to habitat loss and environmental changes.

**5. ** Conservation Challenges:

• Unfortunately, non-marine mollusks in Puerto Rico, like in many parts of the world, face threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Understanding and addressing these challenges are crucial for the long-term survival of these species.

**6. ** Scientific Research and Exploration:

• Scientists and researchers are continually studying the non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico to better understand their biology, behavior, and ecological roles. This knowledge is essential for effective conservation efforts and can also provide valuable insights into broader ecological principles.

**7. ** Cultural and Economic Significance:

• While not as prominent as marine mollusks (like certain types of shellfish), some non-marine mollusks may have cultural or economic significance for local communities. For instance, certain species might be used in traditional crafts or have symbolic value.

**8. ** Conservation Initiatives:

• There are likely ongoing conservation initiatives aimed at protecting the non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico. These efforts might involve habitat restoration, captive breeding programs, and public education to raise awareness about the importance of these creatures.

**9. ** Collaborative Efforts:

• Collaborations between local conservation organizations, government agencies, and international research institutions are likely essential in the conservation and study of these species. Sharing knowledge and resources can lead to more effective conservation strategies.

**10. ** Future Prospects: - Given the dynamic nature of ecosystems and the increasing impact of human activities on natural habitats, it's important to consider how the non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico might be affected in the future. This could involve predictive modeling, scenario planning, and adaptive management strategies.

By considering these aspects, we gain a more comprehensive understanding of the non-marine mollusks of Puerto Rico and their importance within the broader ecological context of the island. This knowledge can inform conservation efforts and contribute to the overall biodiversity and health of the region.

Robert James Shuttleworth has described 3 genera and 25 species from Puerto Rico as new in 1854. ^{[1] [2]}

Freshwater gastropods

Thiaridae

• Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822) ^[3]

Land gastropods

Amphibulimidae

• genus Gaeotis Shuttleworth, 1854 is endemic to Puerto Rico ^[4]

Sagdidae

• Polydontes acutangula Burrow, 1815 ^[5]

Succineidae

• Succinea approximans Shuttleworth, 1854 ^[1]

Veronicellidae

• Veronicella portoricensis (Semper, 1885) ^[6]

See also

• List of marine molluscs of Puerto Rico

Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:

• List of non-marine molluscs of the United States
• List of non-marine molluscs of Dominican Republic
• List of non-marine molluscs of the Virgin Islands

References

1. Shuttleworth R. J. (1854). "Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken der Insel Portorico". Mitteilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern Nr. 310-330: 33–56.
2. "Taxa described as new in Shuttleworth, R. J. 1854 (n = 28)". AnimalBase, accessed 4 January 2011.
3. Chaniotis B. N., Butler J. M., Ferguson F. F. & Jobin W. R. (1980). "Bionomics of Tarebia granifera (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) in Puerto Rico, an Asian vector of Paragonimiasis westermani". Caribbean Journal of Science 16: 81-89. PDF Archived 1 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine
4. Breure A. S. H. (1974). "Notes on the Genus Gaeotis Shuttleworth, 1854 (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Bulimulidae)". Netherlands Journal of Zoology 24(3): 236-252. doi : 10.1163/002829674X00057. PDF Archived 7 September 2012 at the Wayback Machine .
5. Burrow, E.I. (1815). Elements of conchology, according to the Linnæan system, illustrated by 28 plates, drawn from nature. London, R. & A. Taylor, xix + 246 pp.
6. (in Spanish) Aguayo C. G. (1965). "Sobre el status de Veronicella portoricensis (Mollusca Pulmonata)". Caribbean Journal of Science 5(1-2): 25-28. PDF Archived 1 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine .

Further reading

• Grana F. A. (2007). "Nomenclatura de los organismos acuáticos y marinos de Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes. Vol. 6: Moluscos de Puerto Rico e Islas Vírgenes, parte 5". PDF.
• Harry H. W. (1964). "The foreign freshwater snails now established in Puerto Rico" (abstract). American Malac. Union. An. Rep.1964: 4–5.
• Gundlach J. (1883). Apuntes para la fauna Puerto-Riqueña [Notes for Puerto-Rican fauna]. Memorias de Historia Natural4: 5-58; 5: 441–484.
• van der Schalie H. (1948). "The land and fresh-water mollusks of Puerto Rico". Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 70: 134 pp. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/56315 PDF.
• Richards C. S. (1964). "Puerto Rican species of Tropicorbis and Drepanotrema . Comparison with Australorbis glabratus and other Planorbids". Malacologia 2(1): 105–129.