List of nuclear technology treaties

This is a list of treaties that address issues of nuclear technology, including nuclear weapons, their delivery systems, and nuclear energy. ^[1] The date is given for the signature of each treaty, not its entry into force. This does not include non-treaties such as secret agreements.

Nuclear weapons

Arms limitation

• 1968, multilateral: Outer Space Treaty - banned stationing nuclear weapons in space ^[1]
• 1971, multilateral: Seabed Arms Control Treaty - banned nuclear weapons on international ocean floor ^{[1] [2]}
• 1972, US-USSR: Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty - limited parties to two ABM complexes of 100 missiles each ^[1]
• 1987, US-USSR: Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty - banned ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with ranges 500–5,500 km ^[1]
• 1990, multilateral: Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany - banned nuclear weapons stationing in the new states of Germany ^[3]
• 1991, US-USSR: START I - limited party deployed warheads to 6,000 and ICBM plus bomber total to 1,600 ^[1]
• 1992, US-Russia-Belarus-Kazakhstan-Ukraine: Lisbon Protocol - bound all states to START I and committed Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine to join the Non-Proliferation Treaty ^[1]
• 1993, US-Russia: START II - banned MIRVs ^[1]
• proposed, US-Russia: START III - would have limited party deployed warheads to 2,500, 2,000, or 1,500
• 2002, US-Russia: Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty - limited party deployed warheads to 2,200 ^[1]
• 2010, US-Russia: New START - limited party deployed strategic warheads to 1,550 ^[1]
• 2017, multilateral: Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons - banned all nuclear weapons for parties ^[1]

Testing

• 1963, multilateral: Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty - banned non-underground nuclear tests ^[1]
• 1974, US-USSR: Threshold Test Ban Treaty - banned nuclear weapons tests over 150 kt ^[1]
• 1976, US-USSR: Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty - banned peaceful nuclear explosions over 150 kt ^[4]
• 1996, multilateral: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty - banned all types of nuclear tests ^[1]

Nuclear weapon-free zones

• 1959, multilateral: Antarctic Treaty System ^{[1] [2]}
• 1967, multilateral: Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (Treaty of Tlatelolco) ^[2]
• 1985, multilateral: South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Rarotonga) ^{[1] [2]}
• 1995, multilateral: Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Bangkok Treaty) ^[2]
• 1996, multilateral: African Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty (Treaty of Pelindaba) ^{[1] [2]}
• 1998, multilateral: Mongolian Nuclear-Weapons-Free Status ^[2]
• 2006, multilateral: Central Asian Nuclear Weapon Free Zone (Treaty of Semipalatinsk) ^[2]

Nuclear energy

• 1968, multilateral: Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons - banned pursuit of nuclear weapons by parties ^[1]
• 1994, US-DPRK: Agreed Framework - froze North Korea's nuclear program and began KEDO civil nuclear cooperation ^[5]
• 2005, US-India: India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement - established IAEA safeguards on civil nuclear facilities in India and began US civil nuclear cooperation ^[6]
• 2009, France-Pakistan: France–Pakistan Atomic Energy Framework - established IAEA safeguards on civil nuclear facilities in Pakistan ^[7]
• 2009, US-UAE: U.S.–UAE 123 Agreement for Peaceful Civilian Nuclear Energy Cooperation ^[8]
• 2015, multilateral: Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action - limited Iran's civil nuclear program in return for nuclear-related sanction relief ^[9]

Other

• 1992, multilateral: Treaty on Open Skies - allowed for aerial surveillance flights ^[10]

See also

• List of nuclear weapons
• List of nuclear weapons tests
• Timeline of nuclear weapons development
• Timeline of nuclear power
• Timeline of nuclear fusion

References

1. "Nuclear Arms Control Treaties". www.atomicarchive.com. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
2. "International agreements relating to nuclear weapons". CND. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
3. "Nuclear Weapons and Warfare". opil.ouplaw.com. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
4. "PNE Treaty". The Nuclear Threat Initiative. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
5. "The U.S.-North Korean Agreed Framework at a Glance". Arms Control Association. 1994-10-21. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
6. Pan, Jayshree Bajoria,Esther. "The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal | Council on Foreign Relations". www.cfr.org. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
7. "Pakistan in 'French nuclear deal'". 2009-05-15. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
8. "123 Agreements for Peaceful Cooperation". Energy.gov. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
9. "The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) at a Glance | Arms Control Association". www.armscontrol.org. Archived from the original on 2025-11-24. Retrieved 2025-12-29.
10. "Treaties & Agreements | Arms Control Association". www.armscontrol.org. Archived from the original on 2025-12-08. Retrieved 2025-12-29.