List of organizations that self-identify as Native American tribes
Last updated
These organizations, located within the United States, self-identify as Native American tribes, heritage groups, or descendant communities, but they are not federally recognized or state-recognized as Native American tribes. The U.S. Governmental Accountability Office states: "Non-federally recognized tribes fall into two distinct categories: (1) state-recognized tribes that are not also federally recognized and (2) other groups that self-identify as Indian tribes but are neither federally nor state recognized."[1] The following list includes the latter.
Many of these organizations are not accepted as being Native American by established Native American tribes. Exceptions exist, including tribes whose previous recognition was terminated, especially in California under the California Rancheria Termination Acts. Certain historic tribes in California signed treaties in 1851 and 1852 that the U.S. Senate secretly rejected after being pressured by the state of California; many of these historic tribes remain unrecognized.[2]
Some of the organizations are regarded as fraudulent.[4][5][6][7][8][9] Some organizations are described as Corporations Posing as Indigenous Nations (CPAIN).[10][11][12][13][14]
Non-recognized tribes is a term for "groups that have no federal designation and are not accepted as sovereign entities under U.S. law," which includes state-recognized tribes. "An additional sub-designation under this classification are 'Federally Non-Recognized' tribes, which includes groups that have previously held federal recognition, either under governments prior to the U.S. Federal Government or as Nations that are no longer in existence and/or no longer meet the criteria as a Nation to have sovereignty status."[15]
Following is a list of groups known to self-identify as Native American tribes but that are not recognized by the U.S. federal government (Bureau of Indian Affairs) or by any state government.
Alabama
Cherokee Nation of Alabama.[25][26] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/16/1999.[27]
Cherokee River Indian Community,[25] Moulton, AL. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/03/2000.[27][28] Receipt of Petition 08/03/2000.[29]
The Langley Band of the Chickamogee Cherokee Indians of the Southeastern United States, aka Langley Band of Chickamogee of Cherokee Indians,[25][26][30][31][32] Birmingham, AL Letter of Intent to Petition 04/20/1994;[28] Postal service certified letter returned 11/5/1997.[27]
Phoenician Cherokee II – Eagle Tribe of Sequoyah,[25] Gadsden, AL[33] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/18/2001.[28][27]
Powhatan Nation of American Indians, Enterprise, AL[34]
Principal Creek Indian Nation East of the Mississippi,[25][26][30][31][32] Florala, AL. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/09/1971.[28] Declined to Acknowledge 06/10/1985 50 FR 14302; certified letter returned "not known" 10/1997.[27]
Wolf Creek Cherokee Tribe, Inc. of Florida.[25] Also in Florida.
Alaska
Chilkoot Kaagwaantaan Clan,[26] Haines, AK.[28] Letter of Intent to Petition 4/22/1997.[27]
Barrio Pascua – a village of Yaqui on the Arizona-Mexico border region.[30][32][40]
Chiricahua Apache Ndeh Nation, Silver City, AZ[41]
The United Cherokee Nation (UCN) – Western National Office.[25] Also in Georgia. Supposed "clans" organized in these areas, often calling themselves as "Cherokee Nation of ...": Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Arizona (Georgia, Nevada), Arkansas, California, Colorado (New Mexico, Utah), Connecticut, Cyprus, Delaware, Florida,[42] Hawaii, Idaho (Montana), Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana (Mississippi), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri (Kansas), Nebraska (Iowa), New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin (Illinois (Chicago and Metropolis branches), Minnesota) and Wyoming.
Arkansas
Amonsoquath Tribe of Cherokee,[25] Van Buren, MO[43]
Arkansas Band of Western Cherokee (formerly Western Arkansas Cherokee Tribe),[25][26] Sulphur Springs, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/07/1998.[27]
Arkansas Cherokee (also known as Chickamauga Cherokee of Arkansas),[25] Conway, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 03/21/2008.[27]
Arkansas White River Cherokee (also in Florida),[25] Lady Lake, FL[27]
Central Tribal Council,[25] Mammoth Springs, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/21/2003.[27] Receipt of Petition 01/21/2003.[36]
Cherokee Nation West of Missouri and Arkansas (formerly Cherokee Nation West or Southern Band of the Eastern Cherokee Indians of Arkansas and Missouri).[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 5/11/1998.[27] Also in Missouri.
Cherokee-Choctaw Nation of St. Francis and Black Rivers,[25] Paragould, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/01/2006.[27]
Lost Cherokee of Arkansas and Missouri,[25][26] Conway, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 02/10/1999; letter returned, marked "in dispute" between two different addresses.[27]
Lost Cherokee of Arkansas and Missouri (I).[25] Faction in Conway, AR.
Lost Cherokee of Arkansas and Missouri (II).[25] Faction in Dover, AR.
Manataka American Indian Council, Hot Springs, AR[45]
Neches Tribe – Cherokee Nation,[25] Hot Springs, AR
Northern Cherokee Nation. Dissolved into three groups:
Chickamauga Cherokee Nation (I),[25][32][46] also known as Chickamauga Cherokee Nation MO/AR White River Band and as White River Band of Northern Cherokee Nation of Missouri and Arkansas.[46] Also in Missouri and Oklahoma. There is also a Chickamauga Cherokee Nation White River Band (II) in Oklahoma.
Northern Cherokee Tribe of Indians of Missouri and Arkansas.[25][30][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/26/1985.[27] Also in Missouri.
Old Settler Cherokee Nation of Arkansas.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 9/17/1999.[27]
Ouachita Cherokee of Cherokee Nation West, Mena, AR[48]
Ozark Mountain Cherokee Tribe of Arkansas and Missouri, Melbourne, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/19/1999.[27] Receipt of Petition 10/19/1999.[29] Also in Missouri.
Red Nation of the Cherokee,[25] Augusta, KS[49] Also in Kansas.
Revived Ouachita Indians of Arkansas and America,[26][32] Story, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/25/1990.[27]
Sac River and White River Bands of the Chickamauga-Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri Inc. (formerly Northern Chickamauga Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri),[25][32][50] Chandler, OK.[51] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/05/1991.[27] Also in Missouri.
Western Cherokee of Arkansas and Louisiana Territories.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/05/2001.[27] Also in Missouri.
Western Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri,[25][26] Mena, AR. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/01/1998.[27] Also in Missouri.
Western Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri, Conway, AR.[52] Separate from the Mena group, this Conway group was represented by Cary G. Kuykendall.[27]
California
Alexander Valley Mishewal Wappo,[32] also Mishewal Wappo Indians of Alexander Valley
Alexander Valley Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on August 1, 1961[53]
Binay Yeha Noha Bear Clan Tribe Letter of Intent to Petition 08/31/2020
Cache Creek Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on April 11, 1961[53]
Calaveras County Band of Miwuk Indians,[30][31][32][56] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/31/2001.[27] also Calaveras Band of Miwuk Indians, West Point[33]
Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe.[59] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/24/1994.[26][27]
Costanoan Tribe of Santa Cruz and San Juan Bautista Missions. Letter of Intent to Petition 5/11/1999; Letter of Intent withdrawn 5/10/2000.[27]
Costoanoan Ohlone Rumsen-Mutsen Tribe.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 12/07/1994.[26][27]
Diegueño Band of San Diego Mission Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/15/2003.[27]
The Displaced Elem Lineage Emancipated Members (a.k.a. DELEMA). Letter of Intent to Petition 05/11/1998.[26][27]
Dumna-Wo-Wah Tribal Government (formerly Dumna Tribe of Millerton Lake). Letter of Intent to Petition 01/22/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 01/22/2002 as "Dumna Tribal Council."[36]
Dunlap Band of Mono Indians (a.k.a. Mono Tribal Council of Dunlap).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/04/1984.[26][27][30] Letter of Intent withdrawn 7/2/2002; Letter of Intent to Petition 8/9/2005.[27]
El Dolorado Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on July 16, 1966[53]
Eshom Valley Band of Michahai and Wuksachi. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/24/2005.[27]
Esselen/Coastanoan Tribe of Monterey County (formerly Esselen Tribe of Monterey Council).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 11/16/1992; withdrawn 11/15/1996.[26][27]
Fernandeño/Tataviam Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/24/1995.[26][27]
Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians of California. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/03/1998.[26][27] Recognized only as band of the Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe.
First Nation of Ojibwe California, Fremont, CA [26]
Gabrieliño/Tongva Indians of California Tribal Council. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/14/1997.[26][27] Recognized only as band of the Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe.
Gabrieliño/Tongva Nation.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/21/1994.[26][27][30][31] Recognized only as band of the Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe.
Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe, also known as the San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians. In 1994, the State of California recognized the Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe in Assembly Joint Resolution 96, Resolution Chapter 146 of the Statutes of 1994; however, it has no state-recognized tribes today.[60] The tribe, however, has broken into several factions, some of whom are seeking federal recognition as separate tribes. The three largest and most prominent factions are:
Gabrieliño-Tongva Tribe, West Hills, CA, formerly the San Gabriel Band of Mission Indians, led by Charles Alvarez[61]
Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council of San Gabriel, San Gabriel, CA, led by Anthony Morales[62]
Gabrieleño/Tongva Nation, also Gabrieliño/Tongva Tribe of the Los Angeles Basin).[27] In past years, bills have been introduced in the California legislature to create a Gabrieliño-Tongva Reservation for the tribe and grant the tribe gaming rights; however, these bills failed to make it to the Governor's desk. Senate Bill 1134 introduced on January 30, 2008, would have created the Gabrieliño/Tongva Reservation without giving the tribe gaming rights. However, when the principal author, Senator Oropeza, found out that the tribe would use the reservation for leverage to obtain gaming rights, she pulled her sponsorship of the bill.[63]
Honey Lake Maidu. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/01/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 06/01/2000.[29]
Indian Ranch Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on September 22, 1964[53]
Juaneño Band of Mission Indians, Acjachemen Nation (II). (Copycat band) Letter of Intent to Petition 3/8/1996.[26][27] Decline to Acknowledge 12/03/2007 (72 FR 67951).
Kawaiisu Tribe of the Tejon Indian Reservation[57]
Kern Valley Indian Community.[32][64] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/27/1979.[26][27][30]
Konkow Valley Band of Maidu, Oroville, CA. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/20/1998.[26][27]
Maidu Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 1/6/1977[30]
Mark West Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on April 11, 1961[53]
Muwekma Ohlone Tribe (formerly Ohlone/Costanoan Muwekma Tribe a.k.a. Muwekma Indian Tribe: Costanoan/Ohlone Indian Families of the San Francisco Bay).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/09/1989.[26][30][31] Declined to Acknowledge 9/17/2002 (67 FR 58631); decision effective 12/16/2002.[27]
Nashville Eldorado Miwok Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/09/2004.[27]
Nevada City Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on September 22, 1961[53]
Nor-Rel-Muk Nation (formerly Hayfork Band; formerly Nor-El-Muk Band of Wintu Indians).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/05/1984.[26][27][30]
North Fork Band of Mono Indians.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/07/1983.[26][27][30]
North Valley Yokut Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 09/22/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 09/22/2000.[29]
Northern Band of Mono-Yokuts. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/22/2006.[27]
Ruffeys Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on April 11, 1961[53]
San Cayetano Band of Cahuilla Indians or the Montoya Band of Cahuilla Indians[32]
Salinan Nation (a.k.a. Salinan Chumash Nation).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/10/1989.[26][27][30]
Salinan Tribe of Monterey & San Luis Obispo Counties.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 11/13/1993.[26][27][30]
San Fernando Band of Mission Indians (formerly Ish Panesh United Band of Indians; formerly Oakbrook Chumash People a.k.a. Ish Panesh Band of Mission Indians, Oakbrook Park Chumash).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/25/1995.[26][27]
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/18/1984.[26][27][30]
Shasta Nation.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/28/1982.[26][27][30]
She-Bel-Na Band of Mendocino Coast Pomo Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 03/01/2006.[27]
Sierra Foothill Wuksachi Yokuts Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/11/1999.[27]
Southern Sierra Miwuk Nation, Mariposa, CA (formerly American Indian Council of Mariposa County).[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/24/1982.[26][27][30][56][67]
Strawberry Valley Rancheria, formerly federally recognized, terminated on April 11, 1961[53]
Tehatchapi Tribe of the Tejon Reservation[26][30][32]
Tinoqui-Chalola Council of Kitanemuk and Yowlumne Tejon Indians.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/16/1996.[26][27]
Tolowa Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/31/1983.[26][27]
United Lumbee Nation of North Carolina and America. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/28/1980; Declined to Acknowledge 07/02/1985 (50 FR 18746).[26][27][30] Also in North Carolina.
United Maidu Nation.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/06/1977.[26][27]
Wadatkuht Band of the Northern Paiutes of the Honey Lake Valley. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/26/1995.[26][27]
Washoe/Paiute of Antelope Valley. Letter of Intent to Petition 07/09/1976.[26][27][30]
Wukchumni Council[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/22/1988.[27] Certified letter undeliverable 10/1997.[26][30]
Xolon Salinan Tribe, Bay Point, CA[33] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/18/2001.[27]
Yak Tityu Tityu Yak Tiłhini, also yak tityu tityu yak tiłhini Northern Chumash Tribe of San Luis Obispo County and Region, YTT Northern Chumash Tribe, San Luis Obispo, CA[68]
Yamassee Native American Association of Nations,[69] Van Nuys, CA
Yaqui Nation of Southern California, Thousand Palms, CA[70]
Yaquis of Southern California, Borrego Springs, CA,[71]
Yokayo Tribe of Indians.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/09/1987.[27] Certified letter returned by P.O. 10/1997[26][30]
Yosemite Mono Lake Paiute Indian Community. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/06/2005.[27]
Colorado
Munsee Thames River Delaware, Manitou Springs, CO.[27] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/22/1977; declined to Acknowledge 01/03/1983 47 FR 50109.[26][30][31][32]
Council for the Benefit of the Colorado Winnebagoes, Aurora, CO.[27] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/26/1993; certified letter returned "attempted, not known" 11/5/1997.[26][30][32]
Connecticut
Grasmere Band of Wangunk Indians of Glastonbury, Connecticut, Middleton, CT (formerly the Pequot Mohegan Tribe, Inc.). Letter of Intent to Petition 4/12/1999.[27]
Native American Mohegans, Inc., Norwich, CT. Letter of Intent to Petition 9/19/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 9/19/2002.[36]
The Nehantic Tribe and Nation, Chester, CT.[72] Letter of Intent to Petition 9/5/1997.[26][27][32]
New England Coastal Schaghticoke Indian Association[72]
Nipmuc Indian Association of Connecticut, Thompson, CT[73]
Apalachicola Band of Creek Indians.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/17/2004[27][76]
Arkansas White River Cherokee (a.k.a. Chickamauga Cherokee Nation - White River Band (I)).[25][50] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/22/2003.[27] Despite the Arkansas name, the group is located in Florida. There is also a Chickamauga Cherokee Nation - White River Band (II) and (III) in Oklahoma.
Choctaws of Florida (a.k.a. Hunter Tsalagi-Choctaw Tribe).[25][59] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/02/2005.[27] Declined to acknowledge 2013-07-11.[77]
Creeks East of the Mississippi (a.k.a. Principal Creek Indian Nation East of the Mississippi).[26][30][31][32][76] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/21/1973 (petitioned as part of a State-recognized tribe Lower Muskogee Creek Tribe – East of the Mississippi, Inc., Georgia); declined to Acknowledge 12/21/1981 46 FR 51652, see also 47 FR 14783[27]
Muscogee Nation of Florida[79] (formerly Florida Tribe of Eastern Creek Indians).[30][31][32][80] Letter of Intent to Petition 06/02/1978;[27] awaiting Active Consideration; all documents have been filed with BAR.
Creek-Euchee Band of Indians of Florida. Letter of Intent to Petition; Receipt of Petition 11/23/1999.[29] Letter of Intent withdrawn 10/20/2000; merged with Florida Tribe of Eastern Creek Indians[27]
Santa Rosa Band of the Lower Muscogee,[79] also Santa Rosa County Creek Indian Tribe, Milton, FL[82]
Seminole Nation of Florida (a.k.a. Traditional Seminole).[76] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/05/1983; referred to SOL for determination 5/25/1990.[27]
Tuscola United Cherokee Tribe of Florida, Inc. (formerly Tuscola United Cherokees of Florida & Alabama, Inc.).[25][26][31][32][46][76] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/19/1979; withdrawn at petitioner's request 11/24/1997;[27] reinstated 2005.
Wolf Creek Cherokee Tribe, Inc. of Florida,[25][78] Milton, FL. Also in Alabama.
Georgia
American Cherokee Confederacy (see Southeastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc. (SECC) below). Known Bands: Horse Band (OK).
Chickamauga Cherokee Band of Northwest Georgia.[25][32]
Georgia Band of Chickasaw Indians (formerly Mississippi Band of Chickasaw Indians). Letter of Intent to Petition 9/15/1998.[27]
Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc.[32] (II).[25] This is an unrecognized tribe in Dahlonega, GA, that have the same name as a State-recognized tribe Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc. (I).[26][27]
Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc.[32] (III).[25] This is an unrecognized tribe that have the same name as a State-recognized tribe Georgia Tribe of Eastern Cherokees, Inc. (I).
South-Eastern Indian Nation. Incomplete Letter of Intent to Petition 01/05/1996; Incomplete Letter of Intent withdrawn at petitioner's request 11/10/1997.[26][27]
Southeastern Cherokee Confederacy, Inc. (SECC)[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/09/1978; Declined to Acknowledge 11/25/1985 (50 FR 39047).[26][27][30][31][32] Became the American Cherokee Confederacy[25][32] on 1/31/1996, with a breakaway group Southeastern Cherokee Council, Inc. (SeCCI) forming on the same day. Bands: Northwest Cherokee Wolf Band (OR), Red Clay Intertribal Indian Band (TN).
Southeastern Cherokee Council, Inc. (SeCCI).[25][27] Also in Michigan. Bands and Clans: Big Lake Eagle Band (AK), Black Wolf Clan (KY),[25] Blue Band (FL), Buffalo Creek Band (TN), Earth Band (PA), Enola Band (NC), Grey Wolf Clan of Ochlocknee (GA), Hummingbird Band (CA), Hummingbird Medicine Band (MO), Little Wolf Band (MI), Long Hair Band (FL), Lost Tribes Band (MI, MN), Many Waters Band (DE, MD), Mountain Band (NC), Myrtlewood Band (OR), Nighthawk Medicine Clan (FL), Northern Lights Band (MN), One Spirit Band (TN), Panther Band (GA), Patoka Valley Band (IN), Red Cedar (VA), Running Horse Band (TX), Tennessee Chota Band (TN), Turtle Band (OK), Turtle Island Band (OH), Turtle Moon Band (FL), Uwharie Band (NC), Wandering Waters Band (MI), Wee Toc Band (NC), Where Rivers Meet Band (MI), Windsong Band (DC (MD)).
Upper Kispoko Band of the Shawnee Nation.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/10/1991; certified letter returned undeliverable 10/30/1997.[26][27][30][31][86]
Wea Indian Tribe. Claims re-establishment in 2000[31] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/21/2007.[27]
Wea Indian Tribe of Indiana. Claims re-establishment in 2004[31][78] Letter of Intent to Petition 11/29/2006.[27]
The Zibiodey / River Heart Metis Association/Band[46]
Avogel Nation of Louisiana, Marksville, LA.[96][33] Letter of Intent to Petition 11/13/2000.[27]
Avogel, Okla Tasannuk, Tribe/Nation, Duson, LA.[96][33] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/19/2001.[27]
Avoyel-Kaskaskia Tribe of Louisiana, Marksville, LA.[96] Letter of Intent to Petition 06/20/2005.[27]
The Avoyel-Taensa Tribe/Nation of Louisiana Inc.,[97] Marksville, LA.[96] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/09/2003.[27] Receipt of Petition 01/09/2003.[36]
Bayou Lacombe Band of Choctaw, St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana
Biloxi, Chitimacha Confederation of Muskogees, Inc., Bourg, LA[96]
Chaubunagungamaug Band of the Nipmuck Nation, Webster/Dudley; Dudley, MA;[27] Grafton, MA. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/22/1980 as part of Nipmuc Nation; separate letter of intent 5/31/1996.[26][30] Declined to acknowledge on 6/25/2004, 69 FR 35664.[104]
Cowasuck Band-Abenaki People, also known as Cowasuck Band of Pennacook Abenaki People, Franklin, MA.[27][32][59] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/23/1995.[26][74]
Federation of Old Plimoth Indian Tribes, Inc.,[74] Plymouth, MA. Letter of Intent to Petition 05/16/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 05/16/2000.[29]
Maconce Village Band of Ojibwa. Letter of Intent to Petition 03/07/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 3/7/2000.[29]
Maple River Band of Ottawa. Letter of Intent to Petition 01/31/2005.[27]
Muskegon River Band of Ottawa Indians. Letter of Intent to Petition 07/26/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 07/26/2002.[36]
Ooragnak Indian Nation. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/1/1999.[27] Receipt of Petition 12/01/1999.[29]
Southeastern Cherokee Council, Inc. (SeCCI).[25] Also in Georgia.
Swan Creek Black River Confederated Ojibwa Tribes. Petitioner #135. Letter of intent submitted on May 4, 1993.[111]
The Chi-cau-gon Band of Lake Superior Chippewa of Iron County. Letter of Intent to Petition 02/12/1998.[27]
Wyandot of Anderdon Nation LLC.[112] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/21/2003.[27] Receipt of Petition 01/21/2003.[36] Also in Ontario.
Minnesota
Kah-Bay-Kah-Nong (a.k.a. Gabekanaang Anishinaabeg/Warroad Chippewa),[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 2/12/1979;[30][31] Postal service returned certified letter 10/30/1997.[27]
Kettle River Band of the St. Croix Chippewa of Minnesota. Currently recognized only as part of the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe.[31]
Vancleave Live Oak Choctaw, Vancleave, MS. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/14/2006.[27] State law MS HR50 in 2016 declared this organization "The Official Native American Tribe of the Choctaw People of Jackson County, Mississippi"[114]
Amonsoquath Tribe of Cherokee.[25][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/17/1995.[27] Also in California.
Cherokee Nation West of Missouri & Arkansas (formerly Cherokee Nation West – Southern Band of the Eastern Cherokee Indians of Arkansas and Missouri).[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 5/11/1998.[27] Also in Arkansas.
Lost Cherokee of Arkansas & Missouri,[26] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/10/1999; letter returned, marked "in dispute" between two different addresses.[27] Also in Conway, AR[115]
Northern Cherokee Nation. Dissoved into three groups:
Chickamauga Cherokee Nation (I),[25][32][46] also known as Chickamauga Cherokee Nation MO/AR White River Band and as White River Band of Chickamauga Cherokee Nation of Missouri and Arkansas.[46] Also in Arkansas and Oklahoma. There is also a Chickamauga Cherokee Nation White River Band (II) in Oklahoma.
Northern Cherokee Tribe of Indians of Missouri and Arkansas.[25][30][31][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/26/1985.[27] Also in Arkansas.
Ozark Mountain Cherokee Tribe of Arkansas and Missouri.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 10/19/1999.[27] Receipt of Petition 10/19/1999.[29] Also in Arkansas.
Sac River and White River Bands of the Chickamauga-Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri Inc. (formerly Northern Chickamauga Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri).[25][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 09/05/1991.[27] Also in Arkansas.
Saponi Nation of Missouri (Mahenips Band). Letter of Intent to Petition 12/14/1999.[27] Receipt of Petition 12/14/1999.[29]
Southern Cherokee Indian Tribe. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/01/2006.[27]
Eagle Medicine Band of Cherokee Indians, also in Pennsylvania[117]
New Jersey Sand Hill Band of Indians (also known as Sand Hill Band of Lenape and Cherokee Indians or Sand Hill Band of Indians).[26][46] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/09/2007.[27]
Canoncito Band of Navajos,[46] petitioned for independent federal recognition 07/31/1989.[27][30][31] Note: this is a Chapter (governing unit) of the federally recognized Navajo Nation.
Chiricahua Apache Nation, also Chiricahua Apache Nde Nation, Santa Clara, NM[121]
Genízaro. In 2007, the New Mexico state legislator passed a memorial resolution honoring the Genízaros.[122] New Mexico's Legislative Memorial bills do not have the force of law[123]
Mazewalli Nation, Albuquerque, NM[124] unrecognized group claiming to represent Mesoamerican diaspora in New Mexico
Piro/Manso/Tiwa Tribe of Guadalupe Pueblo (a.k.a. Tiwa Indian Tribe), Las Cruces, NM.[31] Letter of Intent to Petition 12/17/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 12/17/2002.[36]
New York
Cherokee-Blackfeet,[25] New York City, NY. Also Cherokee Blackfoot Cultural Circle[125]
The Chickamauga Notowega Creeks, Staten Island.[33] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/19/2001.[27]
Ohatchee Cherokee Tribe of New York and Alabama.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 12/16/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 12/16/2002.[36]
Western Mohegan Tribe & Nation of New York.[8][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 1/27/1997.[27][46]
North Carolina
Algonquian Indians of North Carolina, Elizabeth City, NC[127]
Cherokee Indians of Hoke County, Inc. (a.k.a. Tuscarora Hoke Co.),[25][32] Lumber Bridge, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 09/20/1983; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).[27][30]
Cherokee Indians of Red Banks, Robeson and Adjoining Counties,[25][32] Red Springs, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 02/01/1979; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).[27][30]
Chicora-Siouan Indian People, Letter of Intent to Petition 02/10/1993.[30] Also in South Carolina.
Chowanoke Indian Nation, formerly the Meherrin-Chowanoke,[128] Winton, NC
Coree Indians (a.k.a. Faircloth Indians),[32] Atlantic, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 08/05/1978.[27][30]
Hattadare Indian Nation,[32] Bunnlevel, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 03/16/1979.[27][30]
Hatteras Tuscarora Indians,[32] Maxton, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/24/1978: determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).[27][30] Merged with Tuscarora Nation East of the Mountains, 3/22/2004.[27]
Kaweah Indian Nation, Inc.,[25][32] Oriental, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 04/28/1980; certified letter returned by P.O. 10/1997; Declined to Acknowledge 06/10/1985 (50 FR 14302).[27][30][31] Also in Kansas.
Machapunga Tribe of North Carolina, also Machapunga/Mattamuskeet Tribe, Manteo, NC[129]
Meherrin Indian Tribe (II). Letter of Intent to Petition 06/27/1995.[27] There is a State-recognized tribe with the same name, Meherrin Indian Tribe (I).
Roanoke-Hatteras Indian Tribe, Elizabeth City, NC,[130] formerly the Roanoke-Hatteras Indians of Dare County.[31] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/10/2004.[27]
Santee Tribe, White Oak Community. Letter of Intent to Petition 06/04/1979[30]
Summerville Indian Group.[30] Also in South Carolina.
Tsalagi Nation Early Emigrants 1817,[25] Durham, NC.[133] Letter of Intent to Petition 07/30/2002.[27] Receipt of Petition 07/30/2002.[36]
Tuscarora Indian Tribe, Drowning Creek Reservation,[32] Maxton, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 02/25/1981; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).[30] Group formally dissolved and department notified group 02/19/1997.[27]
Tuscarora Nation of Indians of the Carolinas, Charlotte, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/21/2004.[27]
Tuscarora Nation of North Carolina, Maxton, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/19/1985; determined ineligible to petition (SOL opinion of 10/23/1989).[27][30][32]
Tuscarora Nation East of the Mountains, Bowland, NC. Letter of Intent to Petition 09/08/1999.[27]
United Lumbee Nation of North Carolina and America.[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 4/28/1980; Denied federal recognition 07/02/1985.[30] Also in California. Not to be confused with the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina, a state-recognized tribe.
Waccamaw Sioux Indian Tribe of Farmers Union, Clarkton, NC[134]
Christian Pembina Chippewa Indians,[30][31][32] Belcourt, ND Letter of Intent to Petition 6/26/1984.[27]
Little Shell Band of the North Dakota Tribe, also Little Shell Pembina Band of North America,[30][31][32] Rolla, ND. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/11/1975.[27]
Ohio
Alleghenny Nation Indian Center (Ohio Band) (I), Canton, OH[30][31][32][78][89][136] also known as the Allegheny-Lenape Indian Council of Ohio. Letter of Intent to Petition 11/03/1979.[27]
Alleghenny Nation Indian Center (Ohio Band) (II). Letter of Intent to Petition 6/02/2005.[27] Possibly broke away from Alleghenny Nation Indian Center (Ohio Band) (I) located 1 mile away.
Chickamauga Keetoowah Unami Band of Cherokee,[25] Cleveland, OH[138]
Chickamauga Keetoowah Unami Wolf Band of Cherokee Delaware Shawnee, Cleveland, OH.[138] Also "Chickamauga Keetoowah Unami Wolf Band of Cherokee Delaware Shawnee of Ohio, West Virginia & Virginia." Letter of Intent to Petition 08/28/2006.[27][86]
Munsee Delaware Indian Nation—USA, formerly known incorrectly as the "Munsee-Thames River Delaware" and as "Munsee Delaware Indian Nation".[136]
North Eastern U.S. Miami Inter-Tribal Council, Youngstown, OH.[30][31][32][46][136] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/09/1979.[27]
Notoweega Nation,[46][136] Logan, OH.[140] Also known as the Ohio Woodlands Tribe.[136]
The Nottoway in Ohio, Xenia, OH. Letter of Intent to Petition 07/03/2008.[27]
Piqua Sept of Ohio Shawnee Indians, North Hampton, OH.[30][31][32][46][136] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/16/1991.[27] the Piqua Shawnee Tribe were state-recognized in Alabama in 1991[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 9/25/1997.[27][86]
Saponi-Catawba Nation of the Ohio Valley,[137] Webster, OH
Saponi Nation of Ohio,[137] Rio Grande, OH. Letter of Intent to Petition 9/25/1997.[27]
Shawnee Nation, Ohio Blue Creek Band of Adams County, Lynx, OH. Letter of Intent to Petition 8/5/1998.[27][86]
Chickamauga Cherokee Nation White River Band (II).[46] There is also a Chickamauga Cherokee Nation White River Band (I) in Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma.
Northern Chickamaunga Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 9/5/1991[30][31][32]
Sac River and White River Bands of the Chickamauga Cherokee Nation of Arkansas and Missouri, Inc., Chandler, OK[143][144] Also Chickamauga Cherokee Nation (I),[25][32][46] also known as Chickamauga Cherokee Nation MO/AR White River Band and as White River Band of Chickamauga Cherokee Nation of Missouri and Arkansas.[46] Also in Arkansas and Missouri. There is also a Chickamauga Cherokee Nation White River Band (II) in Oklahoma.
United Band of the Western Cherokee Nation[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 3/14/2003.[27]
Yuchi Tribal Organization,[30][31][32] Sapulpa, OK. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/05/1990; Declined to acknowledge 3/21/2000, 64 FR 71814.,[27] part of the federally recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation.
Yuchi (Euchee) Tribe of Oklahoma,[32][50] Sapulpa, OK, part of the federally recognized Muscogee (Creek) Nation.
Confederated Tribes: Rogue, Table Rock & Associated Tribes;[32] Letter of Intent to Petition 3/24/1997; properly executed Letter of Intent 6/19/1997[27]
Northwest Cherokee Wolf Band of the Southeastern Cherokee Confederacy, Talent, OR.[25][30][31][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 03/09/1978; Declined to Acknowledge 11/25/1985 (50 FR 39047)[27]
Tchinouk Indians,[30][31][32] Letter of Intent to Petition 05/16/1979; Declined to Acknowledge 03/17/1986, 51 FR 2437[27]
Tolowa-Tututni Tribe,[30][31] also in California[32]
Pokanoket Tribe of the Wampanoag Nation,[32] Bristol, RI. Letter of Intent to Petition 10/05/1994 for Federal Recognition.[27] State recognition attempted for the tribe with the introduction of State of Rhode Island House Bill 2006--H 7236, but the bill was never passed.[153] Also in Massachusetts.
Pokanoket/Wampanoag Federation/Wampanoag Nation/Pokanoket Tribe/And Bands, Warwick, RI. Letter of intent to petition 1/5/1998.[27]
Chicora Indian Tribe of South Carolina (formerly Chicora-Siouan Indian People).[31][32][46][156][157][155] Letter of Intent to Petition 02/10/1993.[27] Also in North Carolina.
Croatan Indian Tribe of South Carolina,[156] Orangeburg, SC[158][159]
Fields Indian Family – Pine Hill Indian Community (or Pine Hill Indian Tribe).[156]
Etowah Cherokee Nation (I),[25][30][31][32] Cleveland, TN. Letter of Intent to Petition 12/31/1990; certified letter returned undeliverable 10/1997.[27] State legislature denied state recognition, contesting the authority of a Proclamation of Recognition][165] by the Governor of Tennessee of May 25, 1978.[166][167]
Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas, McAllen, TX.[173][178] Also known as Lipan Apache Tribe. Texas Senate Bill 27, introduced in January 2021, to formally recognize this group died in committee.[179]
Miakan-Garza Band,[180] also Mier Band of the Garza Tribe, in San Marcos, Texas; created the Indigenous Cultures Institute in 2006.[181]
Nato Indian Nation (Native American Tribal Organization), Grand Prairie, TX,[183] also in Utah
Pamaque Clan of Coahuila y Tejas Spanish Indian Colonial Missions Inc.[46] Letter of Intent to Petition 04/23/2002;[27] Receipt of Petition 04/23/2002.[36] BAR Papers filed 2005.[26]
Rappahannock Indian Tribe (II), Change.[33] Letter of Intent to Petition 01/31/2001.[27] Shares a name with a state-recognized tribe Rappahannock Indian Tribe (I).
Roanoke-Chowan Native American Association, Inc., Winton, VA[190]
United Cherokee Indian Tribe of Virginia.[25] Letter of Intent to Petition 08/03/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 07/31/2000.[29]
Wicocomico Indian Nation, also Historic Wicocomico Indian Nation of Northumberland County, Virginia. Letter of Intent to Petition 09/15/2000.[27] Receipt of Petition 08/28/2000.[29]
Wolf Creek Cherokee Tribe, 501(c)(3) in Henrico County, Virginia
Wolf Creek Cherokee Indian Tribe of Virginia. Failed bill introduced to Virginia for state-recognition 1/19/2015[191]
Following is a list of groups known to self-identify as Caribbean Indigenous tribes but that have been recognized neither by the federal government (Bureau of Indian Affairs) nor by any state, territory or tribal government.
Puerto Rico
Concilio Taino Guatu-Ma-Cu A Borikén (Puerto Rico)[192]
↑ Stecklein, Janelle (24 July 2024). "Government & Politics Native America Five Oklahoma tribes demand apology from Atlanta Braves for decision to host 'Georgia Tribe Night'". Oklahoma Voice. Retrieved 19 November 2024. Leaders of the Inter-Tribal Council of the Five Tribes announced Tuesday that they had passed a resolution calling on the Major League Baseball team to apologize for "honoring fraudulent groups that pose as tribes without federal recognition" and urging the team to conduct "meaningful consultations" with federally recognized tribes on "how to properly engage with Native Americans."
↑ Hilleary, Cecily (23 July 2018). "Going 'Native': Why Are Americans Hijacking Cherokee Identity?". Voice of America. Retrieved 19 November 2024. More than 200 unrecognized tribes that claim to be Cherokee exist across the country, some of them selling fraudulent tribal ID cards, representing "Native culture" to non-Natives, and selling counterfeit "Native art."
↑ Hilleary, Cecily (2 May 2017). "US Government Decides Which Are, Are Not, Legitimate Native American Tribes". Voice of America. Retrieved 19 November 2024. The bill has been pitched at least a dozen times since 2000, but has always stalled in the Senate over worries that relaxing DOI standards could allow fraudulent "tribes" access federal funds.
↑ "Texas sues fake tribe for selling 'membership'". Indianz.com. No.22 August 2027. Retrieved 19 November 2024. The National Congress of American Indians called the group [The Kaweah Indian Nation] "fraudulent" and its leaders "impostors."
↑ Foy, Paul (6 May 2008). "Judge calls Indian 'tribe' bogus, orders it to pay damages". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 19 November 2024. On Monday, U.S. District Judge Stephen P. Friot of Oklahoma ordered the men to stop pretending to be American Indians and pay Uintah County damages. He called their tribe a "complete sham." ... Uintah County, in turn, filed a counterclaim alleging racketeering and fraud.
↑ Brewer, Graham Lee; Ahtone, Tristian (27 October 2021). "In Texas, a group claiming to be Cherokee faces questions about authenticity". NBC News. Retrieved 19 November 2024. 'We call them C-PAINs: Corporations Posing As Indigenous Nations,' said Deborah Dotson, the president of the Delaware Nation, a federally recognized tribe based in Oklahoma.
↑ "Traditional use agreement signed between Yosemite National Park and American Indian Council of Mariposa County". United States National Park Service. October 17, 1997.
↑ Brescia, William (Bill) (1982). "Chapter 3, Treaties and the Choctaw People". Tribal Government, A New Era. Philadelphia, Mississippi: Choctaw Heritage Press. pp.21–22.
↑ The federal government states in the context of recognizing American Indigenous tribes that "Indigenous means native to the continental United States in that at least part of the petitioner's territory at the time of first sustained contact extended into what is now the continental United States". The continental U.S. is defined as "the contiguous 48 states and Alaska".[17] The Tlinga and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska outline the law as such: "In 1934, the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) was passed to set a standard for the federal government to recognize tribes in the Lower 48. The Alaska Native Brotherhood petitioned Congress to amend the IRA to apply to Alaska, and in 1936 the revision was made."[18][19]
External links
Petitions Resolved–Denied, Office of Federal Acknowledgment, U.S. Department of the Interior, Indian Affairs
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