List of post-classical physicians

Last updated

The following is a list of post-classical physicians who were known to have practised, contributed, or theorised about medicine in some form between the 5th and 15th century CE.

NameGender Related periodsCenturyEthnicityKnown for
Theophilus Protospatharius Man Middle Ages 7th century CEGreek
Palladius Man Middle Ages 6th century CEGreek
Marcellus Empiricus Man Late antiquity 4th–5th century CERomanAuthor of pharmacological compendium De medicamentis
Caelius Aurelianus Man Late antiquity 5th century CEGreco-RomanMedical translator.
Adamantius Judaeus Man Late antiquity 5th century CEGreco-Roman Jew
Benedict of Nursia Man Middle Ages 6th century CEItalianFounder of "monastic medicine" [1]
Alexander of Tralles [2] Man Middle Ages 6th-7th century CEByzantine
Aetius of Amida [2] [3] Man Middle Ages 6th century CEByzantine Greek
Stephanus of Athens [4] [5] Man Middle Ages 6th-7th century CEByzantine Greek
Raban Gamaliel VI Man Late antiquity 4th-5th century CERoman Jew
Isidore of Seville Man Middle Ages 6th-7th century CEByzantine
Paul of Aegina [4] [2] Man Middle Ages 7th century CEByzantineWrote Medical Compendium in Seven Books
Leo Itrosophist Man Middle Ages 8th-9th century CEByzantineWrote "Epitome of Medicine".
Al-Kindi Man Islamic Golden Age 9th century CEArabAuthor of De Gradibus
Yuhanna ibn Masawaih Man Islamic Golden Age 8th-9th century CEPersianPersonal physician to four Abbasid caliphs. [6]
Hunayn ibn Ishaq Man Islamic Golden Age 9th century CEArab Christian
al-Tabari Man Islamic Golden Age 9th century CEPersianProduced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine titled Firdous al-Hikmah ("Paradise of wisdom"). [7]
Theodosius Romanus Man Islamic Golden Age 9th century CESyriac Christian
Ishaq ibn Hunayn Man Islamic Golden Age 10th century CEArab Christian
Yahya ibn Sarafyun Man Islamic Golden Age 9th century CESyriac Christian
al-Razi Man Islamic Golden Age 9th-10th century CEPersianProduce work in pediatrics and makes the first clear distinction between smallpox and measles in his al-Hawi . [8]
Isaac Israeli ben Solomon Man Islamic Golden Age 9th-10th century CEEgyptian Jew
Shabbethai Donnolo [9] Man Middle Ages 10th century CEGraeco-Italian Jew
al-Tamimi Man Islamic Golden Age 10th century CEArab
al-Majusi Man Islamic Golden Age 10th century CEPersianFamous for the Kitab al-Maliki or Complete Book of the Medical Art , his textbook on medicine and psychology.
al-Zahrawi Man Islamic Golden Age 10th-11th century CEArab Andalusian Founder of early surgical and medical instruments, writing Kitab al-Tasrif.
Ibn Butlan Man Islamic Golden Age 11th century CEArab ChristianWriter of Taqwīm as‑Siḥḥa [romanization: Tacuinum Sanitatis] or maintenance of health.
Michael Psellos Man Middle Ages 11th century CEByzantine Greek
Ibn al-Haytham Man Islamic Golden Age 10th-11th century CEArab
Ibn Sina Man Islamic Golden Age 10th-11th century CEPersianWriter of Qanun-e dâr Tâb or The Canon of Medicine.
Simeon Seth [2] Man Middle Ages 11th-12 century CEByzantine Jew
Constantine the African Man Middle Ages 11th century CEUnclear
Anna Komnene Woman Middle Ages 11th-12 century CEByzantine
Trota of Salerno Woman Middle Ages 12th century CEUnclear
Rahere Man Middle Ages 12th century CE Anglo-Norman Founded the Priory of the Hospital of St Bartholomew in 1123.
Stephen of Pisa Man Middle Ages 12th century CEItalianTranslated works of Hali Abbas (the al-Kitab al-Maliki, by Ali Abbas al-Majusi), translated around 1127 into Latin as Liber regalis dispositionis.
Ibn Zuhr Man Islamic Golden Age 11th-12 century CEArab Andalusian
Ibn Rushd Man Islamic Golden Age 12th century CEArab Andalusian
Matthaeus Platearius Man Middle Ages 12th century CEUnclear
Pope Innocent III Man Middle Ages 12th-13th century CEItalianOrganized the hospital of Santo Spirito at Rome inspiring others all over Europe
Ibn an-Nafis Man Islamic Golden Age 13th century CEArabSuggests that the right and left ventricles of the heart are separate and discovers the pulmonary circulation and coronary circulation. [10]
Ibn al-Baytar Man Islamic Golden Age 12th-13th century CEArab Andalusian Wrote on botany and pharmacy, studied animal anatomy and medicine veterinary medicine. [10]
Roger Bacon Man Middle Ages 13th century CE English Ideas on experimental science and convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness.
Pietro d'AbanoMan Middle Ages 13th-14th century CEItalianProfessor of medicine at the University of Padua. [11]
Joannes Actuarius Man Middle Ages 13th-14th century CEByzantineWrote the last great compendium of Byzantine medicine [12]
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Man Islamic Golden Age 13th-14th century CEUnclear
William of Saliceto Man Middle Ages 13th century CEItalian
Henri de Mondeville Man Middle Ages 13th-14th century CEFrench
Mondino de Luzzi Man Middle Ages 13th-14th century CEItaliancarried out the first systematic human dissections since Herophilus of Chalcedon and Erasistratus of Ceos 1500 years earlier. [13] [14]
Guy de Chauliac Man Middle Ages 14th century CEFrench
John Arderne Man Middle Ages 14th century CEEnglish
Heinrich von Pfolspeundt Man Middle Ages 15th century CEGerman

Notes

1. ^ Assumed gender.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pediatrics</span> Branch of medicine caring for children

Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that involves the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. In the United Kingdom, paediatrics covers many of their youth until the age of 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends people seek pediatric care through the age of 21, but some pediatric subspecialists continue to care for adults up to 25. Worldwide age limits of pediatrics have been trending upward year after year. A medical doctor who specializes in this area is known as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. The word pediatrics and its cognates mean "healer of children", derived from the two Greek words: παῖς and ἰατρός. Pediatricians work in clinics, research centers, universities, general hospitals and children's hospitals, including those who practice pediatric subspecialties.

This is a timeline of the history of medicine and medical technology.

Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, was a Persian Muslim scholar, physician and psychologist, who produced one of the first Islamic encyclopedia of medicine titled Firdaws al-Hikmah. Ali ibn Sahl spoke Syriac and Greek, the two sources of the medical tradition of Antiquity which had been lost by medieval Europe, and transcribed in meticulous calligraphy. His most famous student was the physician and alchemist Abu Bakr al-Razi. Al-Tabari wrote the first encyclopedic work on medicine. He lived for over 70 years and interacted with important figures of the time, such as Muslim caliphs, governors, and eminent scholars. Because of his family's religious history, as well as his religious work, al-Tabarī was one of the most controversial scholars. He first discovered that pulmonary tuberculosis is contagious.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aëtius of Amida</span> 6th-century Byzantine physician

Aëtius of Amida was a Byzantine Greek physician and medical writer, particularly distinguished by the extent of his erudition. His birth and death years are not known, but his writings appear to date from the end of the 5th century or the beginning of the 6th.

Asclepiad was a title borne by many Ancient Greek medical doctors, notably Hippocrates of Kos. It is not clear whether the Asclepiads were originally a biological family, or simply a member of an order or guild of doctors.

Peseshet, who lived under the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt, is often credited with being the earliest known female physician in history. Some have credited Merit-Ptah with being the first female physician, but she is likely a fictional creation based upon Peseshet. Peseshet’s relevant title was "lady overseer of the female physicians," but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain. She also had the titles king's acquaintance, and overseer of funerary-priests of the king's mother.

De Gradibus was an Arabic book published by the Arab physician Al-Kindi. De gradibus is the Latinized name of the book. An alternative name for the book was Quia Primos.

Sahl ibn Bishr al-Israili, also known as Rabban al-Tabari and Haya al-Yahudi, was a Jewish Syriac Christian astrologer, astronomer and mathematician from Tabaristan. He was the father of Ali ibn Sahl the famous scientist and physician, who became a convert to Islam.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Byzantine science</span> Aspect of scientific history

Scientific scholarship during the Byzantine Empire played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of Islamic science to Renaissance Italy. Its rich historiographical tradition preserved ancient knowledge upon which splendid art, architecture, literature and technological achievements were built. Byzantines stood behind several technological advancements.

<i>De Medicina</i> Medical treatise by Aulus Cornelius Celsus

De Medicina is a 1st-century medical treatise by Aulus Cornelius Celsus, a Roman encyclopedist and possibly a practicing physician. It is the only surviving section of a much larger encyclopedia; only small parts still survive from sections on agriculture, military science, oratory, jurisprudence and philosophy. De Medicina draws upon knowledge from ancient Greek works, and is considered the best surviving treatise on Alexandrian medicine. It is also the first complete textbook on medicine to be printed, and has an "encyclopedic arrangement that follows the tripartite division of medicine at the time as established by Hippocrates and Asclepiades – diet, pharmacology, and surgery." This work also covers the topics of disease and therapy. Sections detail the removal of missile weapons, stopping bleeding, preventing inflammation, diagnosis of internal maladies, removal of kidney stones, the amputation of limbs and so forth.

Demosthenes Philalethes was an ancient Greek physician of Asia Minor who was one of the pupils of Alexander Philalethes, a contemporary of Aristoxenus, and a follower of the teachings of Herophilos. He succeeded Alexander as the head of the Herophilean school of medicine in Carura. He probably lived around the beginning of the 1st century, and was especially celebrated for his skill as an oculist. He was the author of the most influential ophthalmological work of antiquity, the Ophthalmicus, on diseases of the eye, which appears to have been still extant in the Middle Ages, but of which nothing now remains, although some extracts are preserved by Aëtius Amidenus, Paul of Aegina, Rufus of Ephesus, and other later writers. He also wrote a work on the pulse, which is quoted by Galen. Demosthenes was the last known Herophilean in Asia Minor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taddeo Alderotti</span>

Taddeo Alderotti, born in Florence between 1206 and 1215, died in 1295, was an Italian doctor and professor of medicine at the University of Bologna, who made important contributions to the renaissance of learned medicine in Europe during the High Middle Ages. He was among the first to organize a medical lecture at the university.

Irvine Loudon was a British doctor and a medical historian on childbirth fever and maternal mortality.

Wḫdw is a term for a particular kind of agent of decay and disease in ancient Egyptian medicine.

Michael Italicus or Italikos was a Byzantine medical instructor at the Pantokrator hospital that had been established by Emperor John II Komnenos in 1136. Pantokrator was a medical centre, at which Italicus lectured and explained physicians Hippocrates and Galen (129–200), and illustrated diseases through patient cases. His pupil Theodore Prodromos described smallpox. Between 1147 and 1166 he served as the Archbishop of Philippopolis.

Ishāq bin Ali al-Rohawi was a 9th-century author of the first medical ethics book in Arabic medicine.

The Antidotarium Nicolai, also known as the Antidotarium parvum or small antidotarium, was a late 11th or early 12th-century Latin book with about 150 recipes for the creation of medicines from plants and minerals. It was written in the circles of the Schola Medica Salernitana, the center of European medical knowledge in the High Middle Ages. It was based in part on the Antidotarium of Constantine the African, an 11th-century work also written in Salerno which was itself partially a translation of older Arabic works. It has been called "without doubt one of the most influential medical texts in medieval literature", "the essential pharmacopeia of the Middle Ages" and "the bible of medieval practical pharmacy". It was often coupled with the Circa instans, another 12th-century compendium of less complex medicines.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas Morstede</span> Medieval English surgeon

Thomas Morstede was an esquire and English surgeon who served the three successive kings, Henry IV, Henry V and Henry VI of England. He was described by Theodore Beck as the "most eminent English surgeon of the fifteenth century".

Charmis of Marseilles was a famous Roman physician. A native of Massilia, he came to Rome during the reign of Nero. Pliny counted him as a "completely Greek physician". He achieved great fame and fortune in Rome by introducing the practice of cold bathing, which supplanted the astrological medicine of his fellow townsman Crinas. Crinas had in turn supplanted Thessalus, who followed the principles of the Methodic school of medicine.

References

  1. ↑ Prioreschi, Plinio (1996). A History of Medicine: Medieval Medicine. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN   9781888456059 . Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Prioreschi, Plinio (2001). A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine. Horatius Press. ISBN   9781888456042 . Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  3. ↑ Colón, A. R.; Colón, P. A. (January 1999). Nurturing children: a history of pediatrics. Greenwood Press. p. 61. ISBN   9780313310805 . Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  4. 1 2 Athens.), Stephanus (of; Dickson, Keith M. (1998). Stephanus the Philosopher and Physician: Commentary on Galen's Therapeutics to Glaucon. BRILL. ISBN   9789004109353 . Retrieved 9 December 2012.
  5. ↑ Nutton, Vivia (2005-07-19). Ancient Medicine. Taylor & Francis US. ISBN   9780415368483 . Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  6. ↑ Loudon, Irvine (2002-03-07). Western Medicine: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780199248131 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  7. ↑ Meyerhof, Max (1931). "`Alî at-Tabarî's Paradise of Wisdom, one of the oldest Arabic Compendiums of Medicine". Isis. 16 (1): 6–54. doi:10.1086/346582. ISSN   0021-1753.
  8. ↑ Colón, A. R.; Colón, P. A. (January 1999). Nurturing children: a history of pediatrics. Greenwood Press. p. 61. ISBN   9780313310805 . Retrieved 19 October 2012.
  9. ↑ Graetz, Heinrich; Bloch, Philipp (1894). History of the Jews. Jewish Publication Society of America. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  10. 1 2 Loudon, Irvine (2002-03-07). Western Medicine: An Illustrated History. Oxford University Press. ISBN   9780199248131 . Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  11. ↑ French, Roger (2003-02-20). Medicine before Science: The Business of Medicine from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521809771 . Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  12. ↑ Prioreschi, Plinio (2001). A History of Medicine: Byzantine and Islamic medicine. Horatius Press. ISBN   9781888456042 . Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  13. ↑ Crombie, Alistair Cameron (1959). The History of Science from Augustine to Galileo. Courier Dover Publications. ISBN   9780486288505.
  14. ↑ Zimmerman, Leo M.; Veith, Ilza (1993-08-01). Great Ideas in the History of Surgery. Norman Publishing. ISBN   9780930405533 . Retrieved 7 December 2012.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.