List of presidents of the American Psychiatric Association

Last updated

This is a list of presidents of the American Psychiatric Association .

ImageNameYearNotes
Samuel Bayard Woodward (1787-1850).jpg
Samuel B. Woodward 1844–1848First president, founded as the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane.
William Maclay Awl (page 52 crop).jpg
William Awl 1848–1851
Luther V. Bell.jpg
Luther Bell 1851–1855
Isaac Ray2.jpg
Isaac Ray 1855–1859
Andrew McFarland 1859–1862
Thomas Story Kirkbride.jpg
Thomas Story Kirkbride 1862–1870
John Simpkins Butler (page 36 crop).jpg
John S. Butler 1870–1873
Charles Nichols 1873–1879
Clement Walker 1879–1882
J.H. Callender 1882–1883
John P. Gray.jpg
John P. Gray 1883–1884
Pliny Earle (physician).jpg
Pliny Earle 1884–1885
Orpheus Everts (1826-1903).png
Orpheus Everts 1885–1886
H.A. Buttolph 1886–1887
Eugene Grissom 1887–1888
John B. Chapin 1888–1889
W. W. Godding 1889–1890
H. P. Stearns 1890–1891Organization name changed to American Medico-Psychological Association
Daniel Clark 1891–1892
J. B. Andrews 1892–1893
John Curwen 1893–1894
Edward Cowles.png
Edward Cowles 1894–1895
Richard Dewey.jpg
Richard Dewey 1895–1896
Theophilus O. Powell 1896–1897
Richard Maurice Bucke.jpg
Richard M. Bucke 1897–1898
Henry Mills Hurd (cropped).jpg
Henry M. Hurd 1898–1899
Joseph G. Rogers 1899–1900
Peter M. Wise 1900–1901
Robert J. Preston 1901–1902
A. B. Richardson 1902–1903Died before taking office.
G. Adler Bloomer 1902–1903
A. E. Macdonald 1903–1904
T. J. W. Burgess 1904–1905
C. B. Burr 1905–1906
Charles G. Hill 1906–1907 [1]
Charles P. Bancroft 1907–1908 [1]
Arthur F. Kilbourne 1908–1909 [2]
William F. Drewry 1909–1910 [2]
Charles W. Pilgrim 1910–1911 [3]
Hubert Work.png
Hubert Work 1911–1912 [3]
James T. Searcy 1912–1913 [4]
Carlos MacDonald.jpg
Carlos Frederick MacDonald 1913–1914 [4] [5]
Samuel E. Smith 1914–1915 [6]
Edward N. Brush 1915–1916 [6]
Charles G. Wagner 1916–1917 [7]
James V. Anglin 1917–1918 [7]
Dr. Elmer Ernest Southard.jpg
Elmer E. Southard 1918–1919 [8]
Henry C. Eyman 1919–1920 [9]
Owen Copp 1920–1921 [9]
Albert Moore Barrett.jpg
Albert Moore Barrett 1921–1922
Henry W. Mitchell 1922–1923
Thomas salmon.jpg
Thomas W. Salmon 1923–1924Mental hygiene advocate and chief consultant psychiatrist to the American Expeditionary Forces during World War I. [10]
William Alanson White 1924–1925
C. Floyd Haviland.JPG
C. Floyd Haviland 1925–1926
Dr. George M. Kline.jpg
George M. Kline 1926–1927
Adolf Meyer (psychatrist).jpg
Adolf Meyer 1927–1928
Samuel T. Orton 1928–1929
Earl D. Bond 1929–1930
Walter M. English 1930–1931
William L. Russell 1931–1932
James Vance May 1932–1933 [11]
George Hughes Kirby.jpg
George H. Kirby 1933–1934 [12]
C. Fred Williams 1934–1935 [13]
Clarence O. Cheney 1935–1936 [14]
C. Macfie Campbell 1936–1937 [15]
Ross McClure Chapman 1937–1938 [16]
Richard H. Hutchings 1938–1939 [17]
William C. Sandy 1939–1940 [18]
George H. Stevenson 1940–1941 [19]
H. Douglas Singer 1941–1942Died before taking office.
James King Hall 1941–1942 [20]
Arthur H. Ruggles 1942–1943 [21]
Edward Strecker 1943–1944Graduated from Jefferson University in 1911. Professor of Mental and Nervous Diseases (1925-1931). [22] [23]
Karl M. Bowman 1944–1946 [24]
Samuel W. Hamilton 1946–1947 [25]
Winfred Overholser Sr. 1947–1948 [26]
William Claire Menninger.jpg
William C. Menninger 1948–1949 [27] [28]
George S. Stevenson 1949–1950 [29]
John C. Whitehorn 1950–1951Psychiatrist in Chief from 1941-1960 at Johns Hopkins University and the Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry. [30]
Leo H. Bartemeier 1951–1952 [31]
Donald Ewen Cameron canmedaj01237-0046-a.jpg
Donald Ewen Cameron 1952–1953 [32]
Kenneth E. Appel 1953–1954
Arthur Percy Noyes 1954–1955 [33]
R. Finley Gayle Jr. 1955–1956 [34]
Francis J. Braceland 1956–1957 [35] [23]
Harry C. Solomon 1957–1958 [36]
Francis J. Gerty 1958–1959 [37]
William Malamud 1959–1960 [38]
Robert H. Felix.jpg
Robert H. Felix 1960–1961 [39]
Walter E. Barton 1961–1962 [40]
C. H. Hardin Branch 1962–1963 [41]
Jack R. Ewalt 1963–1964 [42]
Daniel Blain 1964–1965First medical director of the American Psychiatric Association and founder of the newsletter that became the journal Mental Hospitals (1951–1965), later Hospital & Community Psychiatry (1966–1994) and Psychiatric Services (1995–present). [43] [44]
Howard P. Rome 1965–1966 [45]
Harvey J. Tompkins 1966–1967 [46]
Henry W. Brosin 1967–1968
Lawrence Coleman Kolb.jpg
Lawrence C. Kolb 1968–1969 [47]
Raymond W. Waggoner 1969–1970 [48]
Robert S. Garber 1970–1971 [49] [23]
Ewald W. Busse 1971–1972 [50]
Perry Clement Talkingten 1972–1973 [51]
Alfred M. Freedman 1973–1974Led the effort to de-classify homosexuality as a mental illness. [52] [53]
John Patrick Spiegel 1974–1975103rd president [54]
Judd Marmor 1975–1976 [55]
Robert W. Gibson 1976–1977 [56]
Jack Weinberg 1977–1978 [57]
Jules H. Masserman 1978–1979 [58]
Alan A. Stone 1979–1980 [59]
Donald G. Langsley 1980–1981 [60]
Daniel X. Freedman 1981–1982 [61]
Keith Brodie, Duke Chronicle 1986-01-08 page 1.jpg
H. Keith H. Brodie 1982–1983
George Tarjan 1983–1984 [62]
John A. Talbott 1984–1985113th president [63]
Carol Nadelson 1985–1986First female president of the American Psychiatric Association. [64]
First female editor-in-chief of the American Psychiatric Association Press (1986). [65]
First director of Partners Office for Women's Careers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (1998). [65]
Robert O. Pasnau 1986–1987 [66]
George H. Pollock 1987–1988 [67]
Paul J. Fink 1988–1989 [68]
Herb Pardes (2008).jpg
Herbert Pardes 1989–1990 [69]
Elissa P. Benedek 1990–1991 [70]
Lawrence.Hartmann.M.D.jpg
Lawrence Hartmann 1991–1992 [71]
Joseph T. English 1992–1993 [72]
John S. McIntyre 1993–1994 [73]
Jerry M. Wiener 1994–1995 [74]
Mary Jane England 1995–1996 [75]
Harold Eist 1996–1997
Herbert S. Sacks 1997–1998 [76]
Rodrigo A. Muñoz 1998–1999 [77]
Allan Tasman 1999–2000 [78]
Daniel B. Borenstein.jpg Daniel B. Borenstein 2000–2001 [79]
Richard K. Harding 2001–2002 [80]
Paul S. Appelbaum 2002–2003 [81]
Marcia Kraft Goin 2003–2004 [82]
Michelle Riba 2004–2005 [83]
Steven Sharfstein 2005–2006 [84]
Pedro Ruiz 2006–2007 [85]
Dr. Carolyn Robinowitz.jpg
Carolyn Robinowitz 2007–2008 [86]
Nada Logan Stotland 2008–2009 [87]
Alan F. Schatzberg 2009–2010 [88]
Carol A. Bernstein 2010–2011 [89]
John M. Oldham 2011–2012 [90]
Dilip V. Jeste 2012–2013First Asian-American President of the APA. [91]
Jeffrey Lieberman.jpg
Jeffrey Lieberman 2013–2014Chair of Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, principal investigator for the NIMH CATIE study. [92] [93]
Paul Summergrad 2014–2015Dr. Frances S. Arkin Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Tufts University School of Medicine, Psychiatrist-in-Chief of the Tufts Medical Center. [94] [95]
Renée Binder 2015–2016Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) and Forensic Psychiatry Fellowship Director, UCSF Department of Psychiatry. [96] [97]
Maria A. Oquendo 2016–2017She was the first Latina president of the APA. Professor and Chairman of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. [98]
Anita Everett 2017–2018Chief Medical Officer, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) and Director of the Office of Chief Medical Officers (OCMO). [99]
Altha Stewart 2018–2019First African-American elected to lead the APA. Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Director, Center for Health in Justice Involved Youth, University of Tennessee Health Science Center. [100]
Bruce J. Schwartz 2019–2020Deputy Chair and Clinical Director of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Montefiore and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. President of the Montefiore Behavioral Care IPA. Medical Director and founding member of University Behavioral Associates.
Jeffery Geller 2020–2021Prior Director of Public Sector Psychiatry and current Professor of Psychiatry at University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS). Previous medical director (served 7 years) and current staff psychiatrist, Worcester Recovery Center and Hospital.
Vivian Pender 2021–2022Clinical Professor of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College. Training psychoanalyst, Columbia University. Founder of Healthcare Against Trafficking, Inc. Consultant psychiatrist and psychoanalyst to the United Nations.
Rebecca W. Brendel 2022–2023Director of the Master of Bioethics Program, Associate Director of the Center for Bioethics, and an Associate Professor of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School. She is also a Director of Law and Ethics at the Center for Law, Brain, and Behavior at Massachusetts General Hospital.
Petros Levounis 2023–2024Serves as professor and chair of the Department of Psychiatry and associate dean for professional development at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. He is also the chief of service at University Hospital in Newark, New Jersey. Dr. Levounis came to Rutgers from Columbia University where he served as director of the Addiction Institute of New York from 2002 to 2013.
Ramaswamy Viswanathan 2024–2025Current President
Theresa Miskimen 2025–2026President-elect

References

  1. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1907). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Sixty-third Annual Meeting Held in Washington, D.C., May 7-10, 1907. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp. iii, v.
  2. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1909). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Sixty-fifth Annual Meeting Held in Atlantic City, N.J., June 1-4, 1909. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp.  3, 5.
  3. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1911). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Sixty-seventh Annual Meeting Held in Denver, Colo., June 19-22, 1911. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp.  3, 5.
  4. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1913). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Sixty-ninth Annual Meeting Held in Niagara Falls, Canada, June 10-13, 1913. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp. iii, v.
  5. ↑ "Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, Alienist, is Dead" . New York Times . 2 June 1926. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  6. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1915). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Seventy-first Annual Meeting Held at Old Point Comfort, VA., May 11-14, 1915. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp.  3, 5.
  7. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1917). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Seventy-third Annual Meeting Held at New York, N.Y., May 29 to June 1, 1917. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp.  3, 5.
  8. ↑ American Medico-Psychological Association (1919). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association for 1918-1919". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Seventy-fifth Annual Meeting Held at Philadelphia, PA., June 18-20, 1919. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. p.  3.
  9. 1 2 American Medico-Psychological Association (1920). "Officers of the American Medico-Psychological Association". Proceedings of the American Medico-Psychological Association at the Seventy-sixth Annual Meeting Held at Cleveland, Ohio, June 1-4, 1920. Baltimore, MD: The Lord Baltimore Press. pp.  5, 7.
  10. ↑ Parry, Manon (October 2006). "Thomas W. Salmon: Advocate of Mental Hygiene". American Journal of Public Health. 96 (10): 1741. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.095794. PMC   1586146 . PMID   17008565.
  11. ↑ Campbell, C. MacFie (July 1933). "James Vance May, M.D., President, 1932-1933, Boston, Mass.: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 90 (1): 16–19. doi:10.1176/ajp.90.1.16.
  12. ↑ Raynor, Mortimer W. (July 1934). "George H. Kirby, M.D., President 1933-1934: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 91 (1): 19–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.91.1.19.
  13. ↑ Horger, E.L. (July 1935). "Charles Frederick Williams, M.D., President, 1934-1935: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 92 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.92.1.13.
  14. ↑ Hinsie, Leland E. (July 1936). "Clarence O. Cheney, M.D. President, 1935-36: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 93 (1): 17–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.93.1.17.
  15. ↑ Russell, William L. (July 1937). "C. Macfie Campbell, M.A., B.Sc., M.D. President, 1936-37: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 94 (1): 15–18. doi:10.1176/ajp.94.1.15.
  16. ↑ Tiffany, William J. (July 1938). "Ross McClure Chapman, M.D. President, 1937-38: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 95 (1): 15–17. doi:10.1176/ajp.95.1.15.
  17. ↑ Cheney, Clarence O. (July 1939). "Richard Henry Hutchings, M.D., President, 1938-1939. A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 96 (1): 15–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.96.1.15.
  18. ↑ Klopp, Henry I. (July 1940). "William Charles Sandy, M.D., President, 1939-1940. A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 97 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.97.1.13.
  19. ↑ Hincks, Clarence M. (July 1941). "George H. Stevenson, M.D., President, 1940-1941, A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 98 (1): 9–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.98.1.9.
  20. ↑ Henry, H.C. (July 1942). "James King Hall, A.B., M.D., LL.D., President, 1941-1942, A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 99 (1): 8–12. doi:10.1176/ajp.99.1.8.
  21. ↑ Chapman, Ross McC. (July 1943). "Arthur Hiler Ruggles, M.D: President 1942-1943 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 100 (1): 9–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.100.1.9.
  22. ↑ Smith, Lauren H. (July 1944). "Edward A. Strecker, M.D: President 1943-1944 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 101 (1): 9–11. doi:10.1176/ajp.101.1.9.
  23. 1 2 3 Koltes, John A. (January 1989). "Chapter 29: Department of Psychiatry" (PDF). In Wagner, Frederick B. Jr. (ed.). Thomas Jefferson University: Tradition and Heritage. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. pp. 477–496. ISBN   978-0-8121-1210-8. OCLC   18442391 – via Jefferson Digital Commons.
  24. ↑ Solomon, Harry C. (July 1946). "Karl Murdock Bowman, M.D., President 1944-1946 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 103 (1): 18–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.103.1.18.
  25. ↑ Brill, A.A. (July 1947). "Samuel W. Hamilton: President 1946-1947: A Psychiatric Profile". American Journal of Psychiatry. 104 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.104.1.13.
  26. ↑ Moore, Merrill (July 1948). "Winpred Overholser, M.D., Sc.D: President 1947-1948: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 105 (1): 10–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.105.1.10.
  27. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1949). "William C. Menninger, M.D., President 1948-1949: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 106 (1): 13–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.106.1.13.
  28. ↑ Shorter, Edward (2005). "Menninger Family: William Claire Menninger". A Historical Dictionary of Psychiatry. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 176. ISBN   978-0-19-517668-1. OCLC   65200006.
  29. ↑ Preston, George H. (July 1950). "George S. Stevenson, M.D: President 1949-1950: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 107 (1): 6–7. doi:10.1176/ajp.107.1.6. PMID   15419327.
  30. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1951). "John C. Whitehorn, M.D. President, 1950-1951: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 108 (1): 7–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.108.1.7. PMID   14838157.
  31. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1952). "Leo H. Bartemeier, M.D., President, 1951-1952: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 109 (1): 8–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.109.1.8. PMID   14923916.
  32. ↑ Zilboorg, Gregory (July 1953). "D. Ewen Cameron M.D., President, 1952-1953: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 110 (1): 10–12. doi:10.1176/ajp.110.1.10.
  33. ↑ Bookhammer, Robert S. (July 1955). "Arthur Percy Noyes, M.D., President 1954-1955: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 112 (1): 8–10. doi:10.1176/ajp.112.1.8. PMID   14376666.
  34. ↑ Barrett, Joseph E. (July 1956). "R. Finley Gayle, Jr., M.D., President, 1955-56: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 113 (1): 8–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.113.1.8. PMID   13327063.
  35. ↑ Rome, Howard P. (July 1957). "Francis J. Braceland, M.D., Eighty-Third President, 1956-1957: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 114 (1): 10–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.114.1.10. PMID   13424745.
  36. ↑ Sleeper, Francis H. (July 1958). "Harry Caesar Solomon, M.D., President, American Psychiatric Association, 1957-58: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 115 (1): 10–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.115.1.10. PMID   13545387.
  37. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1959). "Francis J. Gerty, Eighty-fifth President, 1958-1959: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 116 (1): 11–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.116.1.11. PMID   13661441.
  38. ↑ Alpers, Bernard J. (July 1960). "Dr. William Malamud: Eighty-sixth President—1959-1960: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 117 (1): 11–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.117.1.11.
  39. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1961). "Robert Hanna Felix: Eighty-Ninth President, 1960-61 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 118 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1176/ajp.118.1.9.
  40. ↑ Alexander, Leo (July 1962). "Walter E. Barton: Ninetieth President, 1961-1962 A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 119 (1): 16–19. doi:10.1176/ajp.119.1.16. PMID   14036672.
  41. ↑ Malamud, William (July 1963). "C.H. Hardin Branch, M.D., Eighty-ninth President 1962-1963: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 120 (1): 12–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.120.1.12. PMID   13932434.
  42. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1964). "Jack Richard Ewalt 92nd President: A Biographical Sketch". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 121 (1): 9–16. doi:10.1176/ajp.121.1.9. PMID   14154796.
  43. ↑ Appel, Kenneth E. (July 1965). "Daniel Blain, M.D. Ninety-third President, 1964-65: A Biographical Sketch". American Journal of Psychiatry. 122 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1176/ajp.122.1.16.
  44. ↑ Ozarin, Lucy (December 1999). "Daniel Blain: Founder of This Journal". Psychiatric Services. 50 (12): 1564. doi:10.1176/ps.50.12.1563. PMID   10577873.
  45. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1966). "Howard Phillips Rome, M.D., Ninety-fourth President, 1965-1966". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 123 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.123.1.13. PMID   5327453.
  46. ↑ Gerty, Francis J. (July 1967). "Harvey John Tompkins, M.D., Ninety-fifth President, 1966-1967". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 124 (1): 9–15. doi:10.1176/ajp.124.1.9. PMID   5338022.
  47. ↑ Braceland, Francis J. (July 1969). "Lawrence Coleman Kolb, M.D., Ninety-seventh President, 1968-1969". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 126 (1): 13–20. doi:10.1176/ajp.126.1.13. PMID   4894787.
  48. ↑ Bartemeier, Leo H. (July 1970). "Raymond Walter Waggoner, Sr., M.D., Ninety-eighth President, 1969-1970". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 127 (1): 11–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.127.1.11. PMID   4913139.
  49. ↑ Barton, Walter E. (July 1971). "Robert Slocum Garber, M.D., Ninety-ninth President, 1970-1971". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 128 (1): 14–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.128.1.14. PMID   4949649.
  50. ↑ Barton, Walter E. (July 1972). "Ewald William Busse, M.D., One Hundredth President, 1971-1972". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 129 (1): 12–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.129.1.12. PMID   4556086.
  51. ↑ Brosin, Henry W. (July 1973). "Perry Clement Talkington, M.D., One Hundred and First President, 1972-1973". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 130 (7): 750–3. doi:10.1176/ajp.130.7.750. PMID   4576448.
  52. ↑ Eisenberg, Leon (July 1974). "Alfred M. Freedman, M.D., One Hundred and Second President, 1973-1974". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 131 (7): 757–60. doi:10.1176/ajp.131.7.757. PMID   4600628.
  53. ↑ Grims, William (21 April 2011). "Alfred Freedman, a Leader in Psychiatry, Dies at 94". The New York Times (New York ed.). p. A25.
  54. ↑ Weinberg, Jack (July 1975). "John P. Spiegel, M.D., One hundred and third president, 1974-1975". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 132 (7): 700–2. doi:10.1176/ajp.132.7.700. PMID   1094840.
  55. ↑ Sabshin, M (July 1976). "Judd Marmor, M.D., One Hundred and Fourth President, 1975-1976". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 133 (7): 748–51. doi:10.1176/ajp.133.7.748. PMID   779496.
  56. ↑ Garber, R.S. (July 1977). "Robert W. Gibson, M.D., One Hundred and Fifth President, 1976-1977". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 134 (7): 731–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.134.7.731. PMID   326062.
  57. ↑ Stone, A.A. (August 1978). "Jack Weinberg, M.D., One Hundred and Sixth President, 1977-1978". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 135 (8): 904–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.135.8.904. PMID   352162.
  58. ↑ Visotsky, H.M. (August 1979). "Jules H. Masserman, M.D., One Hundred and Seventh President, 1978-1979". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 136 (8): 1023–5. doi:10.1176/ajp.136.8.1023. PMID   380366.
  59. ↑ Onesti, S.J. (August 1980). "Alan A. Stone, M.D., One Hundred and Eighth President, 1979-1980". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 137 (8): 895–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.137.8.895. PMID   6998305.
  60. ↑ Barter, J.T. (August 1981). "Donald G. Langsley, M.D., One Hundred and Ninth President, 1980-1981". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 138 (8): 1021–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.138.8.1021. PMID   7020436.
  61. ↑ Astrachan, B.M. (September 1982). "Daniel X. Freedman, M.D., One Hundred and Tenth President, 1981-1982". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 139 (9): 1096–1101. doi:10.1176/ajp.139.9.1096. PMID   7051867.
  62. ↑ Sabshin, M (August 1984). "George Tarjan, M.D., One Hundred Twelfth President, 1983-1984". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 141 (8): 931–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.8.931. PMID   6380318.
  63. ↑ Sabshin, Melvin (September 1985). "John A. Talbott, M.D. One hundred thirteenth President, 1984-1985". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 142 (9): 1014–6. doi:10.1176/ajp.142.9.1014. PMID   3895986.
  64. ↑ Nadelson, T (August 1986). "Carol C. Nadelson, M.D., one hundred fourteenth president, 1985–1986, American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 143 (8): 959–61. doi:10.1176/ajp.143.8.959. PMID   3524277.
  65. 1 2 "Carol Cooperman Nadelson". Changing the Face of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 3 June 2015.
  66. ↑ Brill, N.Q. (August 1987). "Robert O. Pasnau, M.D., One Hundred Fifteenth President, 1986-1987: American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 144 (8): 986–8. doi:10.1176/ajp.144.8.986. PMID   3300379.
  67. ↑ Sabshin, M (September 1988). "George H. Pollock, M.D., Ph.D., One Hundred Sixteenth President, 1987-1988: American Psychiatric Association". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 145 (9): 1068–9. doi:10.1176/ajp.145.9.1068. PMID   3046379.
  68. ↑ Robinowitz, C.B. (September 1989). "Paul J. Fink, M.D., One Hundred Seventeenth President, 1988-1989". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 146 (9): 1112–4. doi:10.1176/ajp.146.9.1112. PMID   2669533.
  69. ↑ Brodie, H. Keith H. (September 1990). "Herbert Pardes, M.D., One Hundred Eighteenth President, 1989-4990". American Journal of Psychiatry. 147 (9): 1126–1127. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.9.1126.
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  90. ↑ Michels, Robert (October 2012). "John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S., 138th President, 2011–2012". American Journal of Psychiatry. 169 (10): 1030. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.1691003.
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  94. ↑ Glassman, Randy S. (August 2015). "Paul Summergrad, M.D., 141st President, 2014-2015". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 172 (8): 719–20. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.1720703. PMID   26234598.
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  96. ↑ Summergrad, Paul (July 2016). "Renee Binder, M.D., 142nd President, 2015-2016". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 173 (7): 671. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.173703. PMID   27363552.
  97. ↑ "Renée Binder, M.D., Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
  98. ↑ "Maria Oquendo Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  99. ↑ "Anita Everett Takes Office as APA President" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  100. ↑ "APA Elects Dr. Altha Stewart as President-Elect, the First African-American to Lead Organization" (Press release). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association. 14 February 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
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