Carlos Frederick MacDonald

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  1. "Lunacy Board's Powers. Managers Can Make No Expenditures Without Its Consent. President MacDonald of the State Commission Ridicules the Idea, that the Patronage of the Hospitals for the Insane Will Go to Politicians" (PDF). The New York Times . May 15, 1896. Retrieved 2015-04-22. Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, President of the State Commission in Lunacy, yesterday ridiculed the notion that the patronage of the State hospitals for the insane would be transferred to politicians through the operation of the Horton act, which was signed by Gov. Morton on Wednesday. ...
  2. "Dr. Carlos F. Macdonald Employed by Bar Association". The New York Times. September 22, 1901. Retrieved 2009-10-31. Leon F. Czolgosz, whose trial for the assassination of President McKinley will begin next Monday, was examined as to his sanity for one hour this afternoon by Dr. Carlos F. Macdonald of New York, the eminent alienist, who was for years the Chairman of the State Board of Lunacy Commissioners.
  3. 1 2 "Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, Alienist, is Dead. Appeared as an Expert in the Thaw, Czolgosz and Noel Homicide Cases. Was Active at Age of 80. Death Comes at His Central Valley Home. Formerly Had a Sanitarium". The New York Times. June 2, 1926. Retrieved 2015-04-22.
  4. Terry S. Reynolds, Theodore Bernstein, Edison and "The Chair", Technology and Society Magazine, IEEE (Volume:8 , Issue: 1) March 1989, pages 19 - 28
  5. Mark Essig, Edison and the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death, Bloomsbury Publishing USA - 2009, pages 225
  6. Markus Hedrich, Medizinische Gewalt: Elektrotherapie, elektrischer Stuhl und psychiatrische »Elektroschocktherapie« in den USA, 1890-1950. Transcript, Bielefeld, 2014, pages 89-138 (in German)
Carlos Frederick MacDonald
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MacDonald circa 1915
President of the American Psychiatric Association
In office
1913–1914