This is a list of railway lines made within the borders of present-day Turkey since 1860. [1] [2] [3]
Line | Linear (km) | Opening Date | Company | Note | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ottoman Empire period | |||||
İzmir - Sütlaç | 357 | 1860 | Ottoman Railway Company | İzmir–Eğirdir railway | |
İzmir Basmane – Manisa – Turgutlu | 93 | 1865 | French company | ||
İstanbul Sirkeci - Hadımköy | 51 | 1872 | Chemins de fer Orientaux | ||
İstanbul Haydarpaşa – Pendik | 26 | 1872 | Ottoman Railway Company | ||
Hadımköy – Sınır | 229 | 1873 | Chemins de fer Orientaux | ||
Karaağaç – Sınır | 7 | 1873 | Chemins de fer Orientaux | ||
Pendik – İzmit | 67 | 1873 | Ottoman Railway Company | ||
Turgutlu – Alaşehir | 76 | 1875 | French company | ||
Mersin – Yenice | 43 | 1882 | British company | ||
Torbalı – Tire | 48 | 1883 | British company | ||
Yenice – Adana | 24 | 1886 | British company | ||
Alaşehir – Uşak | 118 | 1887 | British company | ||
Çatal – Ödemiş | 26 | 1888 | British company | ||
Goncalı – Denizli | 9 | 1889 | British company | ||
Sütlaç – Çivril | 30 | 1889 | British company | ||
Dinar – Eğirdir | 94 | 1889 sonrası | British company | ||
Alaşehir – Afyon | 135 | 1890 | French company | ||
Manisa – Kırkağaç | 81 | 1890 | French company | ||
Ortaklar – Söke | 22 | 1890 | British company | ||
İzmit – Büyükderbent | 18 | 1890 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Büyükderbent – Vezirhan | 105 | 1891 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Vezirhan – Ankara | 362 | 1892 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Mudanya – Bursa | 42 | 1893 | |||
Tiflis – Kars | 124 | Russian company | Parts left over on Turkish soil | ||
Eskişehir – Kütahya | 77 | 1894 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Alayunt – Akşehir | 192 | 1895 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Akşehir – Konya | 174 | 1896 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Arifiye – Adapazarı | 8,5 | 1899 | Anatolian Railway Company | ||
Konya – Bulgurlu | 199 | 1904 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Bulgurlu – Ulukışla | 39 | 1911 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Sütlaç – Eğirdir | 114 | 1912 | British company | ||
Ulukışla – Yenice | 108 | 1912 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Adana – Toprakkale – Mamure | 97 | 1912 | Baghdad Railway | ||
(Aleppo) – Al-Rai – Karkamış, önceki: Jarabulus | 188 | 1912 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Fevzipaşa – Meydan Ekbez – (Aleppo) | 35 | 1912 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Toprakkale – İskenderun | 59 | 1912 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Kırkağaç – Bandırma | 195 | 1912 | French company | ||
Mandıra – Kırklareli | 46 | 1912 | Chemins de fer Orientaux | ||
Toprakkale – İskenderun | 60 | 1913 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Jarabulus – Akçakale, önceki: Tel Abyad | 101 | 1914 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Akçakale – Sayalı, önceki: Tuem | 62 | 1915 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Sayalı – Ceylanpınar, önceki: Resulayn | 41 | 1915 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Kars – Erzurum | Before 1917 | Russian military ground | Narrow gauge railway | ||
Resulayn – Şenyurt, önceki: Derbesiye | 61 | 1917 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Mamure – Meydan Ekbez | 54 | 1917 | Baghdad Railway | Amanos Mountains | |
Hudut – Çobanköy – Nusaybin | 382 | 1917 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Derbesiye – Mardin | 24 | 1917 | Baghdad Railway | ||
Karapınar – Durak | 37 | 1918 | Baghdad Railway | Taurus Mountains | |
Alaşehir – Afyon | Before 1918 | French company | |||
Soma – Bandırma | 185 | Before 1918 | French company | ||
Period of the Republic of Turkey | |||||
Ankara – Yerköy | 203 | 1925 | TCDD | First line built by TCDD | |
Samsun – Kavak | 48 | 1926 | TCDD | ||
Yerköy – Kayseri | 176 | 1927 | TCDD | ||
Kavak – Kayabaşı | 98 | 1927 | TCDD | ||
Kayabaşı – Zile | 69 | 1928 | TCDD | ||
Kütahya – Emirler | 64 | 1929 | TCDD | ||
Fevzipaşa – Gölbaşı | 138 | 1929 | TCDD | ||
Kayseri – İhsanlı | 111 | 1930 | TCDD | ||
Emirler – Balıköy | 36 | 1930 | TCDD | ||
Zile – Kunduz | 70 | 1930 | TCDD | ||
İhsanlı – Sivas | 112 | 1930 | TCDD | ||
Gölbaşı – Doğanşehir | 56 | 1930 | TCDD | ||
Doğanşehir – Malatya | 57 | 1931 | TCDD | ||
Malatya – Fırat | 33 | 1932 | TCDD | ||
Balıköy – Balıkesir | 153 | 1932 | TCDD | ||
Kunduz – Kalın | 93 | 1932 | TCDD | ||
Kardeşgediği – Bor | 45 | 1932 | TCDD | ||
Bor – Boğazköprü | 126 | 1933 | TCDD | ||
Fırat – Yolçatı – Elâzığ | 86 | 1934 | TCDD | ||
Çandır – Atkaracalar | 86 | 1934 | TCDD | ||
Yolçatı – Maden | 76 | 1935 | TCDD | ||
Narlı – Gaziantep | 84 | 1935 | TCDD | ||
Atkaracalar – Ortaköy | 56 | 1935 | TCDD | ||
Maden – Diyarbakır | 83 | 1935 | TCDD | ||
Sivas – Eskiköy | 63 | 1935 | TCDD | ||
Kayseri – Ulukışla | 1935 | TCDD | |||
Adana – Şehir | 3 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Ortaköy – Bolkuş | 60 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Malatya – Yazıhan | 33 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Bolkuş – Hisarönü | 86 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Eskiköy – Çetinkaya | 48 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Yazıhan – Hekimhan | 37 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Hisarönü – Çatalağzı | 15 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Bozanönü – Isparta | 13 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Gümüşgün – Burdur | 24 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Afyon – Karakuyu | 112 | 1936 | TCDD | ||
Çetinkaya – Divriği | 65 | 1937 | TCDD | ||
Hekimhan – Çetinkaya | 70 | 1937 | TCDD | ||
Çatalağzı – Zonguldak | 10 | 1937 | TCDD | ||
Divriği – Erzincan | 156 | 1938 | TCDD | ||
Erzincan – Erzurum | 215 | 1939 | TCDD | ||
Diyarbakır – Bismil | 47 | 1940 | TCDD | ||
Hadımköy – Kurukavak | 11 | 1941 | TCDD | ||
Bismil – Sinan | 28 | 1942 | TCDD | ||
Sinan – Batman | 15 | 1943 | TCDD | ||
Batman – Kurtalan | 69 | 1944 | TCDD | ||
Tavşanlı – Tunçbilek | 13 | 1944 | TCDD | ||
Malatya – Malatya Şehir | 3 | 1944 | TCDD | ||
Zonguldak – Kozlu | 4 | 1945 | TCDD | ||
Elâzığ – Palu | 70 | 1946 | TCDD | ||
Palu – Genç | 63 | 1947 | TCDD | ||
Köprüağzı – Maraş | 28 | 1948 | TCDD | ||
Erzurum – Horasan | 85 | 1949 | TCDD | ||
Uzunahmetler – Yekabat | 33 | 1949 | TCDD | ||
Horasan – Sarıkamış | 72 | 1951 | TCDD | ||
Yekabat – USSR border | 229 | 1951 | TCDD | ||
Kozlu – Ereğli – Armutçuk | 16 | 1953 | TCDD | ||
Genç – Muş | 108 | 1955 | TCDD | ||
Yenidoğan – Temelli | 1 | 1957 | TCDD | ||
Çardakbaşı – Beylikahır | 3 | 1957 | TCDD | ||
Esenkent – Sincan | 11 | 1957 - 1965 | TCDD | ||
Beylikahır – Yalınlı | 5 | 1957 | TCDD | ||
Gaziantep – Karkamış | 91 | 1960 | TCDD | ||
Sarıkamış – Kars | 60 | 1961 | TCDD | ||
Etimesgut – Behiçbey | 6 | 1961 | TCDD | ||
Kars – Kayaköprü (USSR border) | 64 | 1962 | TCDD | ||
Kütahya – Seyitömer | 27 | 1962 | TCDD | ||
Muş – Tatvan | 94 | 1964 | TCDD | ||
İğciler – Polatlı | 1 | 1965 | TCDD | ||
Gazi – Ankara | 0,5 | 1965 | TCDD | ||
Esenkent – Malıköy | 1 | 1966 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Karapınar – Yenidoğan | 12 | 1968 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Sapanca – Arifiye | 6 | 1970 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Pehlivanköy – Edirne – Kapıkule | 68 | 1971 | TCDD | ||
Van – Kapıköy (Iran border) | 117 | 1971 | TCDD | Tatvan – Van | |
Tahtaköprü | 21 | 1972 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Halkalı – Ispartakule | 9 | 1972 | TCDD | ||
Sazak – Biçer | 14 | 1972 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Keban | 47 | 1973 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Sazılar – Biçer | 13 | 1973 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Ispartakule – Ömer | 8 | 1973 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Yalınlı – Yunusemre | 12 | 1974 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Yunusemre – Sazak | 3 | 1974 | TCDD | Varyant | |
İlören – Sazılar Kurp Tashihi | 1 | 1974 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Biçer – İlören | 9 | 1974 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Kapıköy – Razi (Iran border) | 1975 | TCDD | |||
Ömerli – Çatalca | 16 | 1980 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Sinekli – Çerkezköy | 10 | 1980 | TCDD | Varyant | |
Samsun – Çarşamba | 39 | 1980 | TCDD | ||
Keban | 10 | 1982 | TCDD | ||
Samsun – Gelemen | 13 | 1983 | TCDD | ||
Bozüyük – İnönü | 5 | 1985 | TCDD | ||
Kardeşgediği – Ulukışla | 3 | 1985 | TCDD | ||
Yazıhan – Dilek | 8 | 1986 | TCDD | ||
Eskimalatya – Bekir Hüseyin | 25 | 1986 | TCDD | ||
Meydan – Bozdağ | 5 | 1985 | TCDD | ||
Hanlı – Bostankaya | 44 | 1994 | TCDD | ||
Menemen – Aliağa | 26 | 1995 | TCDD | ||
Eskişehir – İnönü | 31 | 1996 | TCDD | ||
Esenkent – Eskişehir | 206 | 2009 | TCDD | High-speed railway line | |
Sincan– Esenkent | 15 | 2010 | TCDD | High-speed railway line | |
Tekirdağ – Muratlı | 31 | 2010 | TCDD | ||
Polatlı – Konya | 212 | 2011 | TCDD | High-speed railway line | |
Eskişehir – Köseköy | 188 | 2014 | TCDD | High-speed railway line. Some parts that are still under construction (~30km in total), are by-passed through renewed conventional lines. | |
Osmaneli – Bursa | Under construction | TCDD | |||
Kayaş – Sivas | 394 | Under construction | TCDD | High-speed railway line | |
Polatlı – Afyon | Under construction | TCDD | High-speed railway line | ||
Afyon – Menemen | Under construction | TCDD | High-speed railway line | ||
Johann Adam Weishaupt was a German philosopher, professor of civil law and later canon law, and founder of the Illuminati.
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-called compression-ignition engine. This contrasts with engines using spark plug-ignition of the air-fuel mixture, such as a petrol engine or a gas engine.
Szczecin is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of December 2021, the population was 395,513.
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the fathers of modern psychology. Wundt, who distinguished psychology as a science from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology". In 1879, at the University of Leipzig, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research. This marked psychology as an independent field of study. By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other disciplines. He also established the first academic journal for psychological research, Philosophische Studien, to publish the institute's research.
The Brothers Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm (1786–1859), were a brother duo of German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers, and authors who together collected and published folklore. They are among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, popularizing stories such as "Cinderella", "The Frog Prince", "Hansel and Gretel", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin", "Sleeping Beauty", and "Snow White". Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales, began publication in 1812.
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his death on 21 November 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, Franz Joseph was also President of the German Confederation.
William I or Wilhelm I was King of Prussia from 2 January 1861 and German Emperor from 18 January 1871 until his death in 1888. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he was the first head of state of a united Germany. He was de facto head of state of Prussia from 1858, when he became regent for his brother Frederick William IV, whose death three years later would make him king.
Ferdinand I was the Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles. Due to his passive but well-intentioned character, he gained the sobriquet The Benign or The Benevolent.
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. The nucleus of the Swiss Confederacy in the form of the first three confederate allies used to be referred to as the Waldstätte. Two important periods in the development of the Old Swiss Confederacy are summarized by the terms Acht Orte and Dreizehn Orte.
Frederick William IV, the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 to his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to as the "romanticist on the throne", he is best remembered for the many buildings he had constructed in Berlin and Potsdam as well as for the completion of the Gothic Cologne Cathedral.
"Hansel and Gretel" is a German fairy tale collected by the German Brothers Grimm and published in 1812 in Grimm's Fairy Tales. It is also known as Hansel and Gretel, or Little Step Brother and Little Step Sister.
The University of North Dakota is a public research university in Grand Forks, North Dakota. It was established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883, six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota.
Grimms' Fairy Tales, originally known as the Children's and Household Tales, is a German collection of fairy tales by the Grimm brothers or "Brothers Grimm", Jacob and Wilhelm, first published on 20 December 1812. This first edition contained 86 stories, and by the seventh edition in 1857, it had 210 unique fairy tales. It is listed by UNESCO in its Memory of the World Registry.
The North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey team (UND) is the college ice hockey team at the Grand Forks campus of the University of North Dakota. They are members of the National Collegiate Hockey Conference (NCHC) and compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I ice hockey. North Dakota is widely regarded as a premier college hockey school and has one of the most storied programs in NCAA history. UND has made over 30 appearances in the NCAA tournament, appeared in the Frozen Four 22 times, and has won 8 NCAA Division I Championships. The program has also achieved 15 WCHA Regular Season Championships, 5 NCHC Regular Season Championships, and 12 Conference Tournament Championships. The school's former nickname was the Fighting Sioux, which had a lengthy and controversial tenure before ultimately being retired by the university in 2012 due to pressure from the NCAA. The official school nickname is now the Fighting Hawks, a name that was chosen by the university on November 18, 2015.
Sturm und Drang was a proto-Romantic movement in German literature and music that occurred between the late 1760s and early 1780s. Within the movement, individual subjectivity and, in particular, extremes of emotion were given free expression in reaction to the perceived constraints of rationalism imposed by the Enlightenment and associated aesthetic movements. The period is named after Friedrich Maximilian Klinger's play of the same name, which was first performed by Abel Seyler's famed theatrical company in 1777.
1. Fußballclub Union Berlin e. V., commonly known as 1. FC Union Berlin or Union Berlin, is a professional German football club in Köpenick, Berlin.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. He is widely regarded as the greatest and most influential writer in the German language, his work having a profound and wide-ranging influence on Western literary, political, and philosophical thought from the late 18th century to the present day.
RasenBallsport Leipzig e.V., commonly known as RB Leipzig, and colloquially referred to as Red Bull Leipzig, is a German professional football club based in Leipzig, Saxony. The club was founded in 2009 by the initiative of the company Red Bull GmbH, which purchased the playing rights of fifth-tier side SSV Markranstädt with the intent of advancing the new club to the top-flight Bundesliga within eight years. The men's professional football club is run by the spin-off organization RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH. RB Leipzig plays its home matches at the Red Bull Arena. The club nickname is Die Roten Bullen.