List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

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The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Contents

Lists of rulers

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

Arsacids of Media 144 BC – 232 AD

Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

RulerYear
Rev I 189 to 216
Vache 216 to 234
Bacurius I 234 to 249
Mithridates II 249 to 265
Amazaspus III 260 to 265
Aspacures I 265 to 284

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD

Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram) [3]

  • Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
  • Abdagases I Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

Kings of Merv & Abarshahr [4] c. 10–c. 250 AD

Kings of Persis [5] c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

NameDateFamily RelationsNote
1 Vahbarz I beg. of 3rd century BC ?leader of a revolution against Seleucids (?)
2Baykard ? Fratarakā dynasty
3 Baydād (bgdt)end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd century BCFratarakā dynasty - son of Baykardsub-Seleucid
4 Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry)1st half of 2nd centuryFratarakā dynastysub-Seleucid
5Vahbarz II (whwbrz - called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40)1st half of 2nd centuryFratarakā dynasty
6 Vādfradād I (wtprdt)mid-3nd century BCFratarakā dynasty - son of VahbarzVadfradad I and his successors were as sub-Parthian dynasts.
7Vadfradad IIc. 140 ?
8'Unknown king I' (Syknlt?)2nd half of 2nd century ?
9Darev Iend of 2nd century ?
10Vadfradad III1st half of 1st century ?
11 Darev II 1st centuryson of Vadfradad III
12Ardashir II2nd half of 1st centuryson of Darev IIkilled by his brother Vahshir I
13Vahshir I2nd half of 1st centuryson of Darev II
14Pakor I1st half of 1st century ADson of Vahshir I
15Pakor II1st half of 1st century ?
16Nambedmid-1st centuryson of Ardashir II
17Napad2nd half of 1st centuryson of Nambed
18'Unknown king II'end of 1st century ?
19Vadfradad IV1st half of 2nd century ?
20Manchihr I1st half of 2nd century ?
21Ardashir III1st half of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr I
22Manchihr IImid-2nd centuryson of Ardashir III
23Pakor III [6] 2nd half of 2nd century ?
24Manchihr III2nd half of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr II
25Ardashir IVend of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr III
26Vahshir IIc. 206-210 AD ?The last of Bazarangids.
27 Shapur beg. of 3rd centuryBrother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I
28 Ardashir V beg. of 3rd centuryFirst Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I

Rulers of Hatra (2nd century BCE - 2nd century CE)

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned, while other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors.

They appear with two titles: the earlier rulers are called mry' (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king - see Kingdom of Hatra.

NameTitleDateFamily RelationsNote
1Worodmry'
2Ma’numry'
3Elkudmry'155/156 AD
4 Nashrihab mry'128/29 - 137/38 AD
5 Naṣru mry'128/29 - 176/77
6 Wolgash I mry' and mlk - King
7 Sanatruq I mry' and mlk - King176/177 ADruled together with Wolgash I
8Wolgash (II?)son of Wolgash (I)
9 Abdsamiya mlk - King192/93 - 201/202 ADSupported the Roman emperor Pescennius Niger
10 Sanatruq II mlk - King207/08 - 229/230 AD

Kings of Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

Kings of Characene [7] c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Qashqai, "The successors of Mithridates II"
  2. Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fröhlich, 2004; Qashqai, 2017
  4. Baratin, 2009.
  5. Wiesehöfer, 1996, p. 319.
  6. Rezakhani, Kh., "The "Unbekannter König III" and the Coinage of Hellenistic and Arsacid Persis", Nameye Iran-e Bastan, 15 (2010)
  7. Wiesehöfer, 1996, pp. 317-318.
  8. History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East, page: 128, George David Malech, Published 2006, Gorgias Press LLC, 484 pages, ISBN   1-59333-408-7
  9. The Later Roman Empire: AD 354-378, Ammianus Marcellinus, Translated by Walter Hamilton, page 155, Contributor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Published 1986, Penguin Classics, ISBN   0-14-044406-8

Bibliography