List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

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The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

Contents

Lists of rulers

Arsacids of Armenia 12–428 AD

Arsacids of Media 144 BC – 232 AD

Arsacid kings of Iberia 123 BC – c. 230 AD

RulerYear
Rev I 189 to 216
Vache 216 to 234
Bacurius I 234 to 249
Mithridates II 249 to 265
Amazaspus III 260 to 265
Aspacures I 265 to 284

Arsacids of Caucasian Albania 123 BC – c. 490 AD

Arsacids of Hyrcania c. 170 BC – c. 230 AD

Indo-Parthians c. 20 –c. 240 AD

Indo-Parthian rulers of Sistan (Drangiana) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Arachosia (Kandahar) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Jammu [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Indus shore (Balochistan) [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Gandhara [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of Taxila [3]

Indo-Parthian rulers of North Arachosia (Bagram) [3]

  • Gondophares I Great king of kings, Autocrator, Soter (c. 20 BC – first years AD)
  • Abdagases I Great king, Soter (first years AD – mid-1st century AD)

Kings of Merv & Abarshahr [4] c. 10–c. 250 AD

Kings of Persis [5] c. 230 BC – c. 210 AD

NameDateFamily RelationsNote
1 Vahbarz I beg. of 3rd century BC ?leader of a revolution against Seleucids (?)
2Baykard ? Fratarakā dynasty
3 Baydād (bgdt)end of 3rd/ beg. of 2nd century BCFratarakā dynasty - son of Baykardsub-Seleucid
4 Ardaxšīr I (rtḥštry)1st half of 2nd centuryFratarakā dynastysub-Seleucid
5Vahbarz II (whwbrz - called Oborzos in Polyenus 7.40)1st half of 2nd centuryFratarakā dynasty
6 Vādfradād I (wtprdt)mid-3nd century BCFratarakā dynasty - son of VahbarzVadfradad I and his successors were as sub-Parthian dynasts.
7Vadfradad IIc. 140 ?
8'Unknown king I' (Syknlt?)2nd half of 2nd century ?
9Darev Iend of 2nd century ?
10Vadfradad III1st half of 1st century ?
11 Darev II 1st centuryson of Vadfradad III
12Ardashir II2nd half of 1st centuryson of Darev IIkilled by his brother Vahshir I
13Vahshir I2nd half of 1st centuryson of Darev II
14Pakor I1st half of 1st century ADson of Vahshir I
15Pakor II1st half of 1st century ?
16Nambedmid-1st centuryson of Ardashir II
17Napad2nd half of 1st centuryson of Nambed
18'Unknown king II'end of 1st century ?
19Vadfradad IV1st half of 2nd century ?
20Manchihr I1st half of 2nd century ?
21Ardashir III1st half of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr I
22Manchihr IImid-2nd centuryson of Ardashir III
23Pakor III [6] 2nd half of 2nd century ?
24Manchihr III2nd half of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr II
25Ardashir IVend of 2nd centuryson of Manchihr III
26Vahshir IIc. 206-210 AD ?The last of Bazarangids.
27 Shapur beg. of 3rd centuryBrother of the first Sasanian, Ardashir I
28 Ardashir V beg. of 3rd centuryFirst Sasanian ruler, under the name of Ardashir I

Rulers of Hatra

In inscriptions found at Hatra, several rulers are mentioned. Other rulers are sporadically mentioned by classical authors. They appear with two titles. The earlier rulers are called mry' (translation uncertain, perhaps administrator), the later ones mlk -king.

NameTitleDateFamily RelationsNote
1Worodmry'
2Ma’numry'
3Elkudmry'155/156 AD
4 Nashrihab mry'128/29 - 137/38 AD
5 Naṣru mry'128/29 - 176/77
6 Wolgash I mry' and mlk - King
7 Sanatruq I mry' and mlk - King176/177 ADruled together with Wolgash I
8Wolgash (II?)son of Wolgash (I)
9 Abdsamiya mlk - King192/93 - 201/202 ADSupported the Roman emperor Pescennius Niger
10 Sanatruq II mlk - King207/08 - 229/230 AD

Kings of Elymais c. 147 BC – c. 224 AD

Kings of Characene [7] c. 170 BC–c. 222 AD

Kings of Osrhoene 132 BC–c. 293 AD

Kings of Adiabene c. 69 BC – c. 310 AD

Kings of Korduene c. 140 BC – c. 359 AD

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Qashqai, "The successors of Mithridates II"
  2. Josephus Flavius, Antiquities of the Jews, Book XVI, Ch.8.4
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Fröhlich, 2004; Qashqai, 2017
  4. Baratin, 2009.
  5. Wiesehöfer, 1996, p. 319.
  6. Rezakhani, Kh., "The "Unbekannter König III" and the Coinage of Hellenistic and Arsacid Persis", Nameye Iran-e Bastan, 15 (2010)
  7. Wiesehöfer, 1996, pp. 317-318.
  8. History of the Syrian Nation and the Old Evangelical-Apostolic Church of the East, page: 128, George David Malech, Published 2006, Gorgias Press LLC, 484 pages, ISBN   1-59333-408-7
  9. The Later Roman Empire: AD 354-378, Ammianus Marcellinus, Translated by Walter Hamilton, page 155, Contributor Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Published 1986, Penguin Classics, ISBN   0-14-044406-8

Bibliography

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