List of supernova candidates

Last updated

This is a list of supernova candidates, or stars that are believed to soon become supernovae. Type II supernova progenitors include stars with at least 8~10 solar masses that are in the final stages of their evolution. Prominent examples of stars in this mass range include Antares, Spica, [1] Gamma Velorum, [2] Mu Cephei, and members of the Quintuplet Cluster. [3] Type Ia supernova progenitors are white dwarf stars that are close to the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.44 solar masses and are accreting matter from a binary companion star.

The list includes massive Wolf–Rayet stars, which may become Type Ib/Ic supernovae, particularly oxygen-sequence (Wolf-Rayet WO) stars. As of 2023, most of these candidates are in the Milky Way galaxy, however five oxygen-sequence Wolf-Rayet stars are also known in other galaxies.

Supernova progenitor candidates
Identifier Epoch J2000 Constellation Distance
(light-years)
Spectral
class
Possible supernova

type

Notes
R. A. Dec.
IK Pegasi 21h 26m 26.7s+19° 22 32 Pegasus 154.4±1.0 [4] A8m:/DAIa [5] [6] [7]
Spica 13h 25m 11.6s−11° 09 40.8 Virgo 250+14
−13
[8]
B1 [7]
Bellatrix 05h 25m 07.86s+06° 20 58.9 Orion 250B2III [9] -V [10] [11]
Mimosa 12h 47m 43.3s-59h 41m 19.6s Crux 280B0.5III+B2V [12] [13] [14]
Acrux 12h 26m 35.9s-63h 05m 56.7s Crux 321 [8] B0.5IV+B1V [15] [16]
Adhara 06h 58m 37.6s–28° 58 19 Canis Major 430±30 [17] B2 II [18]
Betelgeuse 05h 55m 10.3s+07° 24 25 Orion 408 [19] 548+90
−49
[20]
M2IabIIP [1] [21] [7] [22]
Alpha Lupi 14h 41m 55.8s–47° 23 17 Lupus 465+12
−11
[8]
B1.5II [23] [7]
Mirzam 06h 22m 42.0s–17° 57 21 Canis Major 490±20 [24] B1 III [25]
Lambda Velorum 09h 07m 59.8s−43° 25 57.3 Vela 545 ± 10 [8] K4Ib Electron capture [26]
Antares 16h 29m 24.5s–26° 25 55 Scorpius 554+113
−80
[8]
M1.5Iab-bIIP [27] [7] [22]
Epsilon Pegasi 21h 44m 11.2s09° 52 30 Pegasus 690±20 [8] K2Ib-II [22]
Pi Puppis 07h 17m 08.56s−37° 05 50.9 Puppis 810±70K3Ib [22]
Rigel 05h 14m 32.3s–08° 12 06 Orion 863±78 [8] B8IaIIn(pec?) [28] [7]
Gamma2 Velorum 08h 09m 32.0s−47° 20 12 Vela 1120+130
−100
[8]
WC8+O7.5IIIIb/Ic [29]
Sigma Canis Majoris 07h 01m 43.1s−27° 56 05 Canis Major 1120K4III [22]
Delta Canis Majoris 07h 08m 23.5s−26° 23 35.5 Canis Major 1600F8Ia [30]
NS Puppis 08h 11m 21.5s−39° 37 06.8 Puppis 1695 [22] K4.5Ib [22]
119 Tauri 05h 32m 12.8s+18° 35 40 Taurus 1790+300
−220
[31]
M2Iab-Ib [22] [32]
3 Ceti 00h 04m 30.1s−10° 30 34.3 Cetus 2086 [22] K3Ib [22]
Alpha Leporis 05h 32m 43.8s−17° 49 20.2 Lepus 2218 [8] F0Ib [33] [34]
Deneb 20h 41m 25.9s+45° 16 49 Cygnus 2615 ± 215 [35] A2laIb/Ic [36]
T Coronae Borealis 15h 59m 30.2s+25° 55 13 Corona Borealis 2690+110
−100
[4]
M3III/DIa [37]
KPD 1930+2752 19h 32m 14.9s+27° 58 35 Cygnus 2860+130
−120
[4]
sdB/DIa [38] [39]
Mu Cephei 21h 43m 30.5s+58° 46 48 Cepheus 3060+456
−130
[40]
M2IaIIn/IIb [41]
Rho Cassiopeiae 23h 54m 23.0s+57° 29 58 Cassiopeia 3440+930
−610
[4]
G2Ia0eIIL [42]
VY Canis Majoris 07h 22m 58.3s−25° 46 03 Canis Major 3930+420
−350
[43]
M5eIaII [21] [44]
IRAS 17163-3907 17h 19m 49.3s−39° 10 37.9 Scorpius 3930+990
−660
[4]
late B/early AII [45]
VV Cephei 21h 56m 39.1s+63° 37 32 Cepheus 4900 [46] M2Iab [47]
HD 168625 18h 21m 19.5s−16° 22 26 Sagittarius 5250+600
−490
[4]
B6IaII [48]
NML Cygni 20h 46m 25.6s+40° 06 59.4 Cygnus 5250+420
−360
[49]
M6III [50]
WR 142 20h 21m 44.34s+37° 22 30.4 Cygnus 5380WO2Ic, Grb likely
IRC +10420 19h 26m 48.1s+11° 21 17 Aquila 5600+2200
−1200
[4]
F8Ia+IIb [51] [52]
RS Ophiuchi 17h 50m 13.2s–06° 42 28 Ophiuchus 7380+1000
−790
[4]
M2III/DIa [53] [54]
WR 93b 17h 32m 03.31s–35° 04 32.7 Scorpius 7470WO3Ic
WR 2 01h 05m 23.03s+60° 25 18.9 Cassiopeia 7830WN2-wIb/Ic, Grb likely
WR 102 17h 45m 47.54s–26° 10 26.8 Sagittarius 8610WO2Ic
Eta Carinae 10h 45m 03.6s−59° 41 04 Carina 8630+69
−68
[4]
LBV/OIb, SLSN likely [55] [56]
HD 179821 19h 13m 58.6s+00° 07 32 Aquila 10500+2100
−1500
[4]
G5IaIIL [57] [58]
T Pyxidis 09h 04m 41.5s−32° 22 48 Pyxis 10700+1700
−1300
[4]
Ia [59] [60]
WR 104 18h 02m 04.1s–23° 37 41 Sagittarius 13400+9200
−3900
[4]
WC9d/OBIb/Ic with Grb? [61] [62]
V445 Puppis 07h 37m 56.9s–25° 56 59 Puppis 16000+5200
−4600
[63]
Ia [64]
WR 38 11h 05m 46.43s−61° 13 48.6 Carina 19 700WC4Ic
WR 30a 10h 51m 38.89s−60° 56 34.9 Carina 21 900WO4+O5-5.5Ic
Sher 25 11h 15m 07.8s−61° 15 17 Carina 43500+5200
−4200
[4]
B1.5Iab [65]
U Scorpii 16h 22m 30.7s–17° 52 42 Scorpius 64000+68000
−17000
[66]
Ia [67]

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