This is a list of wars occurring on the island of Great Britain.
Year(s) | Conflict | Location (modern) | Notes | Result | Citation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
55–54 B.C. | Caesar's invasions of Britain | England | Roman tributaries set up in a limited area. | [1] | |
49–96 [A.D.] | Roman conquest of Britain | Great Britain | Roman Empire conquers Britain from the native Celts | [2] | |
208–10 | Severan invasion of Caledonia | Scotland | Part of the Roman occupation of Britain | Roman failure- withdrawal to Hadrian's Wall | [3] |
286–96 | Carausian Revolt | England | Part of the Roman occupation of Britain | Roman victory- rebellion crushed | [4] |
367–68 | Great Conspiracy | Great Britain | Part of the Roman occupation of Britain | Roman victory | [5] |
410–927 | Anglo-Saxon invasions and creation of England | Great Britain | Anglo Saxon victory: Celts hold out in Cumbria and Cornwall | [6] | |
865–78 | Invasion of the Great Heathen Army | England | Part of the Norse invasions of Britain | Danelaw established- Most of Northern and Eastern England under Norse control | [7] |
1015–16 | Cnut's invasion of England | England | Part of the Norse invasions of Britain | Norse victory- Cnut becomes King of England | [8] |
1066–71 | Norman conquest of England | England | Norman victory- William the Conqueror becomes King of England | [9] | |
1067–1194 | Norman invasion of Wales | Wales | Welsh victory- Normans forced out of Wales | [10] | |
1075 | Revolt of the Earls | England | Civil war | Norman victory | [11] |
1088 | Rebellion of 1088 | England | Civil war | Failure of rebellion | [12] |
1135–54 | The Anarchy | England | Civil war | Treaty of Wallingford | [13] |
1173–74 | Revolt of 1173–74 | England | Civil war | Rebellion crushed | [14] |
1211 | Welsh uprising of 1211 | Wales | Part of the Anglo-Welsh Wars | Peace signed- rebellion nominally defeated but Wales enjoys greater autonomy | [15] |
1215–17 | First Barons' War | England | Civil war | Angevin victory | [16] |
1262–66 | Scottish–Norwegian War | Scotland | Scottish victory- Hebrides and Isle of Man occupied by Scotland | ||
1264–67 | Second Barons' War | England | Civil war | Royalist victory | [17] |
1277; 1282–83 | Edwardian conquest of Wales | Wales | Part of the Anglo-Welsh Wars | English victory- Wales conquered by Edward I | [18] |
1296–1328 | First War of Scottish Independence | Scotland; England; Ireland | Part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars | Scottish victory- Scotland gains independence | [19] |
1321–22 | Despenser War | Wales; England | Civil war | Royalist victory | [20] [ page needed ] |
1332–57 | Second War of Scottish Independence | Scotland | Part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars | Scottish victory | [21] |
1381 | Peasants' Revolt | England | Rebellion Crushed | [22] | |
1400–15 | Glyndŵr Rising | Wales | Part of the Anglo-Welsh Wars | English victory | [23] |
1455–85 | Wars of the Roses | England; Wales | Civil war | Eventual Lancastrian victory | [24] |
1497 | Cornish Rebellion of 1497 | Cornwall | English victory | [25] | |
1543–50 | War of the Rough Wooing | Scotland; England | Part of the Anglo-Scottish Wars | Scottish victory | [26] |
1549 | Prayer Book Rebellion | England | Civil War | Rebellion suppressed | [27] |
1549 | Kett's Rebellion | England | Rebellion suppressed | [28] | |
1569–70 | Rising of the North | England | Elizabethan victory | [29] | |
1639–53 | Wars of the Three Kingdoms | Great Britain | Civil war | English Parliamentarian victory:
| [30] |
1685 | Monmouth Rebellion | England | Rebellion crushed | [31] | |
1689–92 | Jacobite Rising of 1689 | Scotland | Civil War | Government victory | [ citation needed ] |
1715–19 | Second Jacobite Rising | Scotland; England | Civil War | British victory | [32] |
1745–46 | Third Jacobite Rising | Scotland; England | Civil War | British victory | [33] |
England became inhabited more than 800,000 years ago, as the discovery of stone tools and footprints at Happisburgh in Norfolk have indicated. The earliest evidence for early modern humans in Northwestern Europe, a jawbone discovered in Devon at Kents Cavern in 1927, was re-dated in 2011 to between 41,000 and 44,000 years old. Continuous human habitation in England dates to around 13,000 years ago, at the end of the Last Glacial Period. The region has numerous remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age, such as Stonehenge and Avebury. In the Iron Age, all of Britain south of the Firth of Forth was inhabited by the Celtic people known as the Britons, including some Belgic tribes in the south east. In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Romans maintained control of their province of Britannia until the early 5th century.
Jacobitism was a political movement that supported the restoration of the senior line of the House of Stuart to the British throne. The name derives from the first name of James II of England, which is rendered in Latin as Jacobus. When James went into exile after the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, the Parliament of England argued that he had abandoned the English throne, which they offered to his Protestant daughter Mary II of England, and her husband William III. In April, the Scottish Convention held that he "forfeited" the throne of Scotland by his actions, listed in the Articles of Grievances.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is an island country in Northwestern Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 93,628 square miles (242,495 km2), with an estimated 2023 population of over 68 million people.
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the constitutional form of government by which a hereditary sovereign reigns as the head of state of the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories. The current monarch is King Charles III, who ascended the throne on 8 September 2022, upon the death of his mother, Queen Elizabeth II.
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 12 July 927, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, and England is now part of the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of England was among the most powerful states in Europe during the medieval and early modern colonial periods.
Welsh nationalism emphasises and celebrates the distinctiveness of Welsh culture and Wales as a nation or country. Welsh nationalism may also include calls for further autonomy or self-determination, which includes Welsh devolution, meaning increased powers for the Senedd, or full Welsh independence.
Wales in the Late Middle Ages spanned the years 1282–1542, beginning with conquest and ending in union. Those years covered the period involving the closure of Welsh medieval royal houses during the late 13th century, and Wales' final ruler of the House of Aberffraw, the Welsh Prince Llywelyn II, also the era of the House of Plantagenet from England, specifically the male line descendants of Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou as an ancestor of one of the Angevin kings of England who would go on to form the House of Tudor from England and Wales.
Events from the 1070s in England.
The formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has involved personal and political union across Great Britain and the wider British Isles. The United Kingdom is the most recent of a number of sovereign states that have been established in Great Britain at different periods in history, in different combinations and under a variety of polities. Historian Norman Davies has counted sixteen different states over the past 2,000 years.
The military history of the United Kingdom covers the period from the creation of the united Kingdom of Great Britain, with the political union of England and Scotland in 1707, to the present day.
The military history of England and Wales deals with the period prior to the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.(for the period after 1707 see Military history of the United Kingdom)
The Jacobite rising of 1745, also known as the Forty-five Rebellion or simply the '45, was an attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for his father, James Francis Edward Stuart. It took place during the War of the Austrian Succession, when the bulk of the British Army was fighting in mainland Europe, and proved to be the last in a series of revolts that began in 1689, with major outbreaks in 1708, 1715 and 1719.
Invasions of the British Isles have occurred throughout history. Various sovereign states within the territorial space that constitutes the British Isles have been invaded several times, including by the Romans, by the Germanic peoples, by the Vikings, by the Normans, by the French, and by the Dutch.
The term invasion of England may refer to the following planned or actual invasions of what is now modern England, successful or otherwise.
The Great British Story: A People's History is a 2012 documentary in eight parts written and presented by Michael Wood looking at history through the eyes of ordinary people airing on the BBC.
There are several contenders for the title of last battle on British or English soil, depending largely on how one defines battle and how one classifies various events.
This is a timeline of the 18th century.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the history of the British Isles:
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