During the International Military Tribunal, 37 witnesses testified for the prosecution. [1] 80 witnesses testified for the defense, including 19 of the defendants. An additional 143 witnesses gave evidence for the defense by written answers to interrogatories. For the defense of the organizations, 101 witnesses were heard before Commissioners elected by the tribunal and 1809 affidavits from other witnesses were submitted. A further six reports were submitted, summarizing many more affidavits.[2]
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
President of Nuremberg Branch of the State Railways and former Hauptsturmfuehrer
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA Brigade Leader in Wuppertal and President of Police
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
President of the National Socialist War Veterans Associations (Frontkaemphferbundes).
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA Obergruppenfuehrer, Permanent Deputy of the Chief of Staff of the SA.
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
SA didn't eliminate forces via terror, suppress trade unions, spread propaganda, encourage persecution of the Church, nor conspire in plans of aggressive war
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries across Europe and atrocities against their citizens in World War II.
John Demjanjuk was a Trawniki man and Nazi camp guard at Sobibor extermination camp, Majdanek, and Flossenbürg. Demjanjuk became the center of global media attention in the 1980s, when he was tried and convicted in Israel after being misidentified as "Ivan the Terrible", a notoriously cruel watchman at Treblinka extermination camp. In 1993 the verdict was overturned. Shortly before his death, he was tried and convicted in the Federal Republic of Germany as an accessory to the 28,060 murders that occurred during his service at Sobibor.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial and the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on 29 April 1946 to try leaders of the Empire of Japan for their crimes against peace, conventional war crimes, and crimes against humanity, leading up to and during the Second World War. The IMTFE was modeled after the International Military Tribunal (IMT) at Nuremberg, Germany, which prosecuted the leaders of Nazi Germany for their war crimes, crimes against peace, and crimes against humanity.
Rudolf Franz Ferdinand Höss was a German SS officer and the commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp. After the defeat of Nazi Germany and the end of World War II, he was convicted in Poland and executed for war crimes committed on the prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp and for his role in the Holocaust.
The Holocaust—the murder of about six million Jews by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1945—is the most-documented genocide in history. Although there is no single document which lists the names of all Jewish victims of Nazi persecution, there is conclusive evidence that about six million Jews were murdered. There is also conclusive evidence that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz-Birkenau, the Operation Reinhard extermination camps, and in gas vans, and that there was a systematic plan by the Nazi leadership to murder them.
Dietrich "Dieter" Wisliceny was a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and one of the deputies of Adolf Eichmann, helping to organise and coordinate the wide scale deportations of the Jews across Europe during the Holocaust.
The subsequent Nuremberg trials were twelve military tribunals for war crimes committed by the leaders of Nazi Germany (1933–1945). The Nuremberg Military Tribunals occurred after the Nuremberg trials, held by the International Military Tribunal, which concluded in October 1946. The subsequent Nuremberg trials were held by U.S. military courts and dealt with the cases of crimes against humanity committed by the business community of Nazi Germany, specifically the crimes of using slave labor and plundering occupied countries, and the war-crime cases of Wehrmacht officers who committed atrocities against Allied prisoners of war, partisans, and guerrillas.
Georg Konrad Morgen was an SS judge and lawyer who investigated crimes committed in Nazi concentration camps. He rose to the rank of SS-Sturmbannführer (major). After the war, Morgen served as witness at several anti-Nazi trials and continued his legal career in Frankfurt.
The United States of America vs. Carl Krauch, et al., also known as the IG Farben Trial, was the sixth of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany (Nuremberg) after the end of World War II. IG Farben was the private German chemicals company allied with the Nazis that manufactured the Zyklon B gas used to commit genocide against millions of European Jews, Roma, homosexuals, socialists and other innocent civilians in the Holocaust.
The RuSHA trial was a trial against 14 SS officials charged with implementing Nazi racial policies.
Sonderaktion1005, also called Aktion1005 or Enterdungsaktion, was a top-secret Nazi operation conducted from June 1942 to late 1944. The goal of the project was to hide or destroy any evidence of the mass murder that had taken place under Operation Reinhard, the attempted extermination of all Jews in the General Government occupied zone of Poland. Groups of Sonderkommando prisoners, officially called Leichenkommandos, were forced to exhume mass graves and burn the bodies; inmates were often put in chains to prevent them from escaping.
Kurt Andreas Ernst Becher was a mid-ranking SS commander who was Commissar of all German concentration camps, and Chief of the Economic Department of the SS Command in Hungary during the German occupation in 1944. He is best known for having traded Jewish lives for money during the Holocaust.
Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Eberstein was a member of the German nobility, early member of the Nazi Party, the SA, and the SS. He was elected to the Reichstag and held the position of the chief of the Munich Police during the Nazi era. Eberstein was a witness at the Nuremberg Trials.
Seweryna Maria Szmaglewska was a Polish writer, known for both books for children and adults alike, and an inmate of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp during World War II. Her novels Czarne Stopy and Dymy nad Birkenau are compulsory reading in Polish schools.
Erich von Manstein was a prominent commander of Nazi Germany's World War II army (Heer). In 1949, he was tried for war crimes in Hamburg, was convicted of nine of seventeen charges and sentenced to eighteen years in prison. He served only four years before being released.
Private sector participation in Nazi crimes was extensive and included widespread use of forced labor in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe, confiscation of property from Jews and other victims by banks and insurance companies, and the transportation of people to Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps by rail. After the war, companies sought to downplay their participation in crimes and claimed that they were also victims of Nazi totalitarianism. However, the role of the private sector in Nazi Germany has been described as an example of state-corporate crime.
Kim Christian Priemel is a historian of Germany and former professor at Humboldt University Berlin; he now works for the University of Oslo.
Reassessing the Nuremberg Military Tribunals. Transitional Justice, Trial Narratives, and Historiography is a book published in 2012 by Berghahn Books; it was edited by Kim Priemel and Alexa Stiller.
Samuel Rajzman (1902–1979) was a Polish Holocaust survivor. After the war he emigrated to France and then to Canada. He was one of the two Polish witnesses at the Nuremberg Trials. He was also a witness at the Treblinka trials and during the process of Fiodor Fedorenko.
Hirsch, Francine (2020). Soviet Judgment at Nuremberg: A New History of the International Military Tribunal after World War II. Oxford University Press. ISBN978-0-19-937795-4.
Pike, David Wingeate (2003). Spaniards in the Holocaust: Mauthausen, Horror on the Danube. Routledge. ISBN978-1-134-58713-1.
Neave, Airey (1946). Colonel Neave Report: Final Report on the Evidence of Witnesses for the Defense of Organizations Alleged to be Criminal, Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 42[1]
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