Lists of Slavs and Germans

Last updated
Lists of Slavs and Germans
Liste di Slavi e Tedeschi
Ideology Regionalism
German minority interests
Slovene minority interests
Political position Big tent

The Lists of Slavs and Germans (Italian : Liste di Slavi e Tedeschi) was the collective name given to the political parties representing Slovene and German minorities in northern Italy between World War I and the Fascist regime.

Contents

Most Slovene-speakers resided in the Julian March, most German-speakers in South Tyrol.

History

In the Julian March the list was organised by Josip Vilfan. In South Tyrol it consisted of the Deutscher Verband (DV), a political party formed by the merger of the Christian-democratic Tiroler Volkspartei (TVP) and the national-liberal Deutschfreiheitliche Partei (DFP); the DV was successively led by Eduard Reut-Nicolussi and Karl Tinzl. [1]

In the 1921 general election the Lists won a combined 1.3% of the vote and 9 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. [2]

In the 1924 general election the Lists won a combined 0.9% and 4 seats.

In 1922 the Lists opposed the formation of Benito Mussolini's Fascist government, which would forbid other languages and all the parties except the National Fascist Party. Consequently, the Lists ceased to exist.

Election results

Chamber of Deputies

Chamber of Deputies
ElectionVotes%Seats+/–LeaderGovernment
1921 88,648 (11th)1.3
9 / 535
Collective leadership
Opposition
1924 62,491 (12th)0.9
4 / 535
Decrease2.svg 5
Collective leadership
Opposition

Results by districts

Election yearDistrictVotes%Seats+/−
1921 36,664 (1st)90.2
4 / 4
34,639 (1st)60.0
4 / 5
11,215 (2nd)21.4
1 / 6
3,200 (5th)4.5
0 / 7
2,930 (5th)8.8
0 / 4
1924 32,644 (5th)4.9
2 / 53
Decrease2.svg 2
29.847 (2nd)11.1
2 / 23
Decrease2.svg 3

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrol</span> Autonomous province of Italy

South Tyrol, officially the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, is an autonomous province in Northern Italy, one of the two that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province is the northernmost of Italy, the second largest, with an area of 7,400 square kilometres (2,857 sq mi) and has a total population of about 534,000 inhabitants as of 2021. Its capital and largest city is Bolzano.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</span> Region of Italy

Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol is an autonomous region of Italy, located in the northern part of the country. The region has a population of 1.1 million, of whom 62% speak Italian as their mother tongue, 30% speak South Tyrolean German and several foreign languages are spoken by immigrant communities. Since the 1970s, most legislative and administrative powers have been transferred to the two self-governing provinces that make up the region: the Province of Trento, commonly known as Trentino, and the Province of Bolzano, commonly known as South Tyrol. In South Tyrol, German remains the sizeable majority language.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean People's Party</span> Political party in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

The South Tyrolean People's Party is a regionalist and autonomist political party in South Tyrol, an autonomous province with a German-speaking majority in northern Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citizens' Union for South Tyrol</span> Italian political party

The Citizens' Union for South Tyrol, formerly Union for South Tyrol, was a national-conservative political party active in South Tyrol, Italy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of South Tyrol</span>

Modern-day South Tyrol, an autonomous Italian province created in 1948, was part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol until 1918. It was annexed by Italy following the defeat of the Central Powers in World War I. It has been part of a cross-border joint entity, the Euroregion Tyrol-South Tyrol-Trentino, since 2001.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ettore Tolomei</span>

Ettore Tolomei was an Italian nationalist and fascist. He was designated a Member of the Italian Senate in 1923, and ennobled as Conte della Vetta in 1937.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Die Freiheitlichen</span> Political party in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

Die Freiheitlichen, abbreviated dF, is a regionalist, separatist and national-conservative political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The party, which is part of the South Tyrolean independence movement, seeks to represent the German-speaking majority and Ladin-speaking minority in the province and to separate it from Italy. Broadly speaking, its ideology is similar to that of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) and the two parties maintain close contacts. The long-time leader and honorary president of the party is Pius Leitner. In the 2013 provincial election the party came a distant second to the dominant South Tyrolean People's Party (SVP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greens (South Tyrol)</span> Political party in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

The Greens are a green and regionalist political party active in South Tyrol, northern Italy. Once the provincial section of the Federation of the Greens, the party is now autonomous and often forms different alliances at the country-level, but both joined Green Europe, a coalition of green parties for the 2019 European Parliament election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfons Benedikter</span> Italian politician

Alfons Benedikter was one of the most renowned politicians in South Tyrol. For 50 years he has been a member of the provincial parliament and for 40 years he acted as a member of the regional government of the region Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and later the provincial government of South Tyrol. He had a decisive role in elaborating and implementing the autonomy of the province.

The Social Democratic Party of South Tyrol was a regionalist social-democratic and Christian-social party of German speakers in South Tyrol, Italy, that was active from 1972 to 1983.

The Slovene Union is a political party in Italy representing the Slovene minority in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region. Its Slovenian language name means literally "Slovene Community", but the denomination "Slovene Union" is used in other languages.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean Freedom</span> Political party in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol

South Tyrolean Freedom is a regionalist, separatist and national-conservative political party in South Tyrol, Italy. The party, which is part of the South Tyrolean independence movement, seeks to represent the German-speaking population and proposes the secession of South Tyrol from Italy and its reunification with the State of Tyrol within Austria. Its founding leader was Eva Klotz.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fascism in Europe</span> Overview of fascism in Europe

Fascism in Europe was the set of various fascist ideologies which were practised by governments and political organisations in Europe during the 20th century. Fascism was born in Italy following World War I, and other fascist movements, influenced by Italian Fascism, subsequently emerged across Europe. Among the political doctrines which are identified as ideological origins of fascism in Europe are the combining of a traditional national unity and revolutionary anti-democratic rhetoric which was espoused by the integral nationalist Charles Maurras and revolutionary syndicalist Georges Sorel in France.

The Party of Independents was a regionalist political party active in South Tyrol from 1972 to 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean Homeland Federation</span> Political party in Italy

The South Tyrolean Homeland Federation was a political party active in South Tyrol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Engelbert Besednjak</span>

Engelbert Besednjak was a Slovene Christian Democrat politician, lawyer and journalist. In the 1920s, he was one of the foremost leaders of the Slovene and Croat minority in the Italian-administered Julian March. In the 1930s, he was one of the leaders of Slovene anti-Fascist émigrés from the Slovenian Littoral, together with Josip Vilfan, Ivan Marija Čok and Lavo Čermelj. He is considered one of the best Slovene public speakers of the 20th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Social Movement</span> Italian neo-fascist party

The Italian Social Movement was a neo-fascist political party in Italy. A far-right party, it presented itself until the 1990s as the defender of Italian fascism's legacy, and later moved towards national conservatism. In 1972, the Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity was merged into the MSI and the party's official name was changed to Italian Social Movement – National Right.

Slovene minority in Italy, also known as Slovenes in Italy is the name given to Italian citizens who belong to the autochthonous Slovene ethnic and linguistic minority living in the Italian autonomous region of Friuli – Venezia Giulia. The vast majority of members of the Slovene ethnic minority live in the Provinces of Trieste, Gorizia, and Udine. Estimates of their number vary significantly; the official figures show 52,194 Slovenian speakers in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as per the 1971 Census, but Slovenian estimates speak of 83,000 to 100,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Tyrolean independence movement</span> Secessionist movement in Italy

The South Tyrolean independence movement is a political movement in the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol that calls for the secession of the region from Italy and its reunification with the State of Tyrol, Austria. Concurrently, some groups favor the establishment of an interim Free State of South Tyrol as a sovereign nation while reintegration is organized.

The Deutscher Verband was a coalition of bourgeois German-speaking political parties that was formed in South Tyrol in 1919 after the region was annexed by Italy. It was a merger of the Catholic Tiroler Volkspartei and the national liberal Deutschfreiheitliche Partei. The German-speaking Social Democrats, for their part, joined with the Italian Socialist Party.

References

  1. Günther Pallaver (2020). "Zwischen Desorientierung und Neuorientierung. Südtirols Parteien in der italienisch-liberalen Phase". In Ulrike Kindl; Hannes Obermair (eds.). Die Zeit dazwischen: Südtirol 1918–1922. Vom Ende des Ersten Weltkrieges bis zum faschistischen Regime / Il tempo sospeso: L’Alto Adige tra la fine della Grande Guerra e l’ascesa del fascismo (1918-1922). Meran: Edizioni alphabeta Verlag. pp. 219–248. ISBN   978-88-7223-365-8.
  2. Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti (2009). Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia. Zanichelli, Bologna.