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Pablo Ruiz Picasso was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. Regarded as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian airforces during the Spanish Civil War.
Cubism is an early-20th-century avant-garde art movement that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. Cubism has been considered the most influential art movement of the 20th century. The term is broadly used in association with a wide variety of art produced in Paris or near Paris (Puteaux) during the 1910s and throughout the 1920s.
Henri Émile Benoît Matisse was a French artist, known for both his use of colour and his fluid and original draughtsmanship. He was a draughtsman, printmaker, and sculptor, but is known primarily as a painter. Matisse is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso, as one of the artists who best helped to define the revolutionary developments in the visual arts throughout the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture.
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Alexander Calder was an American sculptor who is best known for his innovative mobiles that embrace chance in their aesthetic and his monumental public sculptures. Born into a family of artists, Calder's work first gained attention in Paris in the 1920s and was soon championed by the Museum of Modern Art in New York, resulting in a retrospective exhibition in 1943. Major retrospectives were also held at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1964) and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (1974).
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Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko was a Ukrainian-born American avant-garde artist, sculptor, and graphic artist. He was one of the first to apply the principles of Cubism to architecture, analyzing human figure into geometrical forms.
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Assemblage is an artistic form or medium usually created on a defined substrate that consists of three-dimensional elements projecting out of or from the substrate. It is similar to collage, a two-dimensional medium. It is part of the visual arts, and it typically uses found objects, but is not limited to these materials.
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The year 1939 in art involved some significant events and new works.
Rachel Harrison is an American visual artist who is primarily known for her assemblage work and sculpture, but she has also engaged in performance art and drawing, and photography. Her work often incorporates elements of photography and found objects, sometimes layering abstract forms with industrially manufactured elements. She lives and works in New York.
Dorothy Canning Miller was an American art curator and one of the most influential people in American modern art for more than half of the 20th century. The first professionally trained curator at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), she was one of the very few women in her time who held a museum position of such responsibility.
Lynn Russell Chadwick, was an English sculptor and artist. Much of his work is semi-abstract sculpture in bronze or steel. His work is in the collections of MoMA in New York, the Tate in London and the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris.
Modern sculpture is generally considered to have begun with the work of Auguste Rodin, who is seen as the progenitor of modern sculpture. While Rodin did not set out to rebel against the past, he created a new way of building his works. He "dissolved the hard outline of contemporary Neo-Greek academicism, and thereby created a vital synthesis of opacity and transparency, volume and void". Along with a few other artists in the late 19th century who experimented with new artistic visions in sculpture like Edgar Degas and Paul Gauguin, Rodin invented a radical new approach in the creation of sculpture. Modern sculpture, along with all modern art, "arose as part of Western society's attempt to come to terms with the urban, industrial and secular society that emerged during the nineteenth century".
Manuel Marín is a Spanish sculptor born in 1942 in Cieza (Murcia) and died in 2007 in Alhaurín de la Torre, a town in Malaga where he lived. He started at the age of ten in the world of bullfighting, and made his first bullfight at sixteen. He fought with many of the great bullfights of the time, including Chicuelo Segundo, Pedrés Montero, Miguel Mateo (Miguelín), Jaime Ostos and Manuel Benítez el Cordobés.
The Snow Flurry design was used by American artist Alexander Calder for at least seven mobiles between 1948 and 1959. A monumental design composed of white disks of varying sizes are connected on different branches and levels to reflect a snow flurry in Calder's distinct Modernist style.
References
- ↑ Lipman, Jean; Franc, Helen Margaret (1976). Bright stars: American painting and sculpture since 1776. Dutton, ISBN 978-0-525-07147-1
- ↑ Morgan, Ann Lee (2007). The Oxford dictionary of American art and artists, p. 73. Oxford University Press US, ISBN 978-0-19-512878-9
- ↑ Moyle, Peter B.; Moyle, Marilyn A. (1992). Fish imagery in art 28: Calder's Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. Environmental Biology of Fishes, Volume 35, Number 2, 204 doi : 10.1007/BF00002194
- 1 2 Finkelstein, Allix (September 28, 2007). Intimate at MoMA. New York Sun