 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations .(July 2013) |
The locomotives of the Highland Railway were used by the Highland Railway to operate its lines in the north of Scotland. The Highland Railway locomotive works was at Lochgorm, Inverness. The works had been built about 1855 by the Inverness and Nairn Railway. [1] The locomotive classes are listed under the names of the railway's Locomotive Superintendents.
During Barclay's incumbency as locomotive superintendent various 2-2-2 and 2-4-0 locomotives were built, along with a solitary 0-4-0T. An 0-4-0ST was also inherited from the Findhorn Railway. Many of Barclay's locomotives would later be rebuilt by Stroudley or Jones - most of the 2-2-2s ended up as 2-4-0s and one became a 2-2-2T, a pair of 2-4-0s became 4-4-0s and the 0-4-0T became an 0-4-2T. Only 4 much rebuilt Barclay locomotives (all 2-4-0s) were still in stock at the time of the Grouping.
William Stroudley produced only one new design, an 0-6-0ST of which 3 were built. These survived to pass into LMS ownership.
| Class | Drummond class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | HR Nos. | LMS power classification | LMS Nos. | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Stroudley tank' | R | 0-6-0ST | 3 | Lochgorm Works | 1869–74 | 56–57, 49 | 0P | 16118–119, 16383 | 1926-1932 |
David Jones designed several classes of 4-4-0, and was also notable for introducing the 4-6-0 wheel arrangement to the UK. He also produced small numbers of 0-4-4ST, 2-4-0, 2-4-0T and 4-4-0T locomotives. Of 88 engines built to Jones' design (including 3 built as late as 1917), 74 passed to the LMS in 1923. A small 2-4-0T purchased secondhand from the Duke of Sutherland also made into LMS ownership.
| Class | Drummond class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | HR Nos. | LMS power classification | LMS Nos. | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Duke' | F | 4-4-0 | 17 | Dübs & Co. (10) Lochgorm Works (7) | 1874–88 | 60–69, 31, 71–75, 84 | 1907-1923 | |||
| 'Raigmore' | H | 2-4-0 | 2 | Lochgorm Works | 1877 | 29–30 | — | — | 1910-1912 | |
| 'Jones tank' | O | 4-4-0T | 3 | Lochgorn Works | 1878–79 | 17, 58–59 | — | 15010–15012 | 1928-1933 | Built as 2-4-0T |
| 'Skye Bogie' | L | 4-4-0 | 9 | Lochgorm Works | 1882–1901 | 1P | 14277, 14279–14285 | 1922-1930 | ||
| 'Bruce' or 'Clyde Bogie' | E | 4-4-0 | 8 | Clyde Locomotive Company | 1886 | 76–83 | 1P | 14278 | 1923-1930 | |
| 13 | S | 0-4-4ST | 1 | Lochgorm Works | 1890 | 13 | 0P | 15050 | 1929 | |
| 'Strath' | D | 4-4-0 | 12 | Neilson & Co. | 1892 | 89–100 | 1P | 14271–14276 | 1923-1930 | |
| 'Yankee tank' | P | 4-4-0T | 5 | Dübs & Co. | 1892–93 | 11,14-15,101-102 | 0P | 15013–15017 | 1924-1934 | First 2 were built for Uruguay Eastern Railway |
| 'Big Goods' or 'Jones Goods' | I | 4-6-0 | 15 | Sharp, Stewart & Co. | 1894 | 103–117 | 4F | 17916–17930 | 1929-1940 | |
| 'Loch' | B | 4-4-0 | 18 | Dübs & Co. (15) North British Loco. Co. (3) | 1896–1917 | 119–133, 70–72 | 2P | 14379–14396 | 1930-1950 | |
| 118 | T | 2-4-0T | 1 | Kitson & Co. | 1871 | 118 | 1923 | Purchased from Duke of Sutherland in 1895 |
Under Peter Drummond, new 0-4-4T, 0-6-0T, 0-6-4T, 0-6-0, 4-4-0 and 4-6-0 designs emerged. All 72 locomotives passed to the LMS.
| Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | HR Nos. | LMS power classification | LMS Nos. | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C ('Small Ben') | 4-4-0 | 20 | Dübs & Co. (8) Lochgorm Works (9) North British Loco. Co. (3) | 1898–1906 | 1–17, 38, 41, 47 | 2P | 14397–14416 | 1931-1953 | |
| K ('Barney') | 0-6-0 | 12 | Dübs & Co. (10) North British Loco. Co. (2) | 1900–07 | 134–139, 18–21 | 3F | 17693–17704 | 1936-1952 | |
| A ('Castle') | 4-6-0 | 19 | Dübs & Co. (10) North British Loco. Co. (9) | 1900–17 | 26–30, 35, 50, 58–59, 140–149 | 3P | 14675–14693 | 1930-1947 | |
| V | 0-6-0T | 3 | Lochgorn Works | 1903–04 | 22–24 | 2F | 16380–16382 | 1930-1934 | |
| W | 0-4-4T | 4 | Lochgorn Works | 1905–06 | 25, 40, 45–46 | 0P | 15051–15054 | 1930-1957 | BR no. 55053 was the last ex-Highland Railway locomotive in service (withdrawn in January 1957) |
| U ('Large Ben') | 4-4-0 | 6 | North British Loco. Co. | 1908–09 | 60–63, 66, 68 | 2P | 14417–14422 | 1932-1937 | |
| X ('Medium Goods') | 0-6-4T | 8 | North British Loco. Co. | 1909–12 | 29, 31, 39, 42, 44, 64–65, 69 | 4P | 15300–15307 | 1932-1936 |
Fredrick George Smith's brief tenure was cut short by a dispute over his sole design, the 'River' Class 4-6-0. Six locomotives were built, but they were (wrongly) considered to be too heavy for the Highland Railway, and were sold to the Caledonian Railway without being used.
| Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | HR Nos. | LMS power classification | LMS Nos. | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'River' | 4-6-0 | 6 | Hawthorn Leslie | 1915 | (70–75) | 4P | (14756–14761) | 1939-1946 | sold to Caledonian Railway before use |
Christopher Cumming designed one class of 4-4-0 and two types of 4-6-0, totalling 18 locomotives, which all passed to the LMS.
| Class | Type | Quantity | Manufacturer | Date | HR Nos. | LMS power classification | LMS Nos. | Withdrawn | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Snaigow' | 4-4-0 | 2 | Hawthorn Leslie | 1917 | 73–74 | 3P | 14522–14523 | 1935-1936 | named Snaigow and Durn |
| 'Clan Goods' | 4-6-0 | 8 | Hawthorn Leslie | 1918–19 | 75-82 | 5F | 17950–17957 | 1946-1952 | |
| 'Clan' | 4-6-0 | 8 | Hawthorn Leslie | 1919–21 | 49, 51-57 | 4P | 14762–14769 | 1943-1950 | Some names reused on BR Standard Class 6 |
The Highland Railway was absorbed by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in 1923 and its locomotives were taken into LMS stock. Despite their small numbers, quite a few Highland Railway classes survived well into the LMS era, and even into the 1950s.
| Image | HR No. | HR Class | Type | Manufacturer | Serial No. | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 103 | Jones Goods | 4-6-0 | Sharp, Stewart & Co. | 4022 | September 1894 | On static display at the Riverside Museum |
There are also plans to build a replica of Ben Class 54398 Ben Alder.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway had the largest stock of steam locomotives of any of the 'Big Four' Grouping, i.e. pre-Nationalisation railway companies in the UK. Despite early troubles arising from factions within the new company, the LMS went on to build some very successful designs; many lasted until the end of steam traction on British Railways in 1968. For an explanation of numbering and classification, see British Rail locomotive and multiple unit numbering and classification.
The first Locomotives of the Great Western Railway (GWR) were specified by Isambard Kingdom Brunel but Daniel Gooch was soon appointed as the railway's Locomotive Superintendent. He designed several different 7 ft 1⁄4 in broad gauge types for the growing railway, such as the Firefly and later Iron Duke Class 2-2-2s. In 1864 Gooch was succeeded by Joseph Armstrong who brought his standard gauge experience to the workshops at Swindon. To replace some of the earlier locomotives, he put broad gauge wheels on his standard gauge locomotives and from this time on all locomotives were given numbers, including the broad gauge ones that had previously carried just names.
The London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) produced several classes of locomotive, mostly to the designs of Nigel Gresley, characterised by a three-cylinder layout with a parallel boiler and round-topped firebox. It produced the most famous locomotive of its day, 4468 'Mallard', the holder of the world steam locomotive speed record. It also built the world-famous 4472 'Flying Scotsman'. However, its locomotive inheritance was much greater than just the 'A4 Class', it also produced highly successful mixed-traffic and freight designs.
The Highland Railway Loch class locomotives were large 4-4-0s normally used north of Inverness. They were introduced in 1896, to the design of David Jones. Fifteen were built by Dübs and Company in Glasgow, all going into traffic between July and September 1896. Three more were built in 1917 by Dübs' successor, the North British Locomotive Company (NBL).
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 2-4-0 represents the wheel arrangement of two leading wheels on one axle, four powered and coupled driving wheels on two axles and no trailing wheels. In most of North America it became known as a Porter.
The Highland Railway River class was a class of steam locomotive with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement. They were designed by F. G. Smith, who had joined the Highland Railway in 1904 from the North Eastern Railway. His initial post was as manager of the Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon works at Inverness. When Peter Drummond departed to the Glasgow and South Western Railway at the end of 1911 Smith was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer in his place.
The Highland Railway began as the Inverness and Nairn Railway, which operated the other lines which became part of the Highland Railway on its formation in 1865. For post-1870 locomotives, see Locomotives of the Highland Railway.
The Highland Railway F class 4-4-0s were a class of British steam locomotives introduced in 1874. The first 10 were built by Dübs and Company in 1874. A further seven were built in Lochgorm works between 1876 and 1888. Originally they were the first Bruce class, and later became known as the Duke class to avoid confusion with the second Bruce class. As part of Peter Drummond's 1901 classification scheme they became class F.
The Highland Railway O Class locomotives were built as 2-4-0T tank engines, but were soon rebuilt as 4-4-0Ts. They were designed by David Jones for Scottish Railway companies and three were built at the company's Lochgorm Works in 1878 and 1879.
David Jones (1834–1906) was locomotive superintendent of the Highland Railway between 1870 and 1896. He was credited with the design of the first British 4-6-0, which was strongly influenced by the Scottish locomotive design for Indian Railways. The 4-6-0 wheel arrangement that appeared in 1894, quickly became the most common locomotive for main line passenger and mixed traffic work in Britain.
The Highland Railway W Class were four small 0-4-4T locomotives built by the Highland Railway in 1905–1906 to the design of locomotive superintendent Peter Drummond. They were the last engines that were built at the company's Lochgorm works in Inverness, and were used on branch line services.
William Stroudley was an English railway engineer, and was one of the most famous steam locomotive engineers of the nineteenth century, working principally for the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR). He designed some of the most famous and longest-lived steam locomotives of his era, several of which have been preserved.
Dugald Drummond was a Scottish steam locomotive engineer. He had a career with the North British Railway, LB&SCR, Caledonian Railway and London and South Western Railway. He was the older brother of the engineer Peter Drummond, who often followed Dugald's ideas in his own work.
The Furness Railway Company owned many different types of locomotives, built by several locomotive building companies, including Sharp, Stewart and Company. Others were built by the Furness' constituent companies - the Whitehaven and Furness Junction Railway, among others.
R. & W. Hawthorn, Leslie and Company, Limited, usually referred to as Hawthorn Leslie, was a shipbuilder and locomotive manufacturer. The company was founded on Tyneside in 1886 and ceased building ships in 1982.
The Bristol and Exeter Railway locomotives worked trains on the Bristol and Exeter Railway from 1 May 1849 until the railway was amalgamated with the Great Western Railway on 1 January 1876.
The G&SWR 45 Class were 0-6-2T steam locomotives designed by Peter Drummond for the Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) of which 18 were built in 1915-1917, followed by a further 10 of a slightly modified design in 1919 after Robert Whitelegg took over as Chief Mechanical Engineer.
The Glasgow and South Western Railway 540 Class were 4-6-4T steam tank locomotives designed by Robert Whitelegg and built in 1922, shortly before the G&SWR was absorbed into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS). They were referred to in official G&SWR publicity as the Baltic Class, although they were also known more prosaically to enginemen as the 'Big Pugs'.
The Caledonian Railway 944 Class were 4-6-2T passenger tank locomotives designed by William Pickersgill and built in 1917, at the North British Locomotive Company's Hyde Park Works in Glasgow. They were the Caledonian Railway's only Pacific-type.
