Silvio Berlusconi was an Italian media tycoon and politician who served as the prime minister of Italy in four governments from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011. He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1994 to 2013;a member of the Senate of the Republic from 2022 until his death in 2023,and previously from March to November 2013;and a member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2019 to 2022,and previously from 1999 to 2001. With a net worth of US$6.8 billion as of June 2023,Berlusconi was the third-wealthiest person in Italy at the time of his death.
la Repubblica is an Italian daily general-interest newspaper with an average circulation of 151,309 copies in May 2023. It was founded in 1976 in Rome by Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso and led by Eugenio Scalfari,Carlo Caracciolo,and Arnoldo Mondadori Editore as a leftist newspaper,which proclaimed itself a "newspaper-party". During the early years of la Repubblica,its political views and readership ranged from the reformist left to the extraparliamentary left. Into the 21st century,it is identified with centre-left politics,and was known for its anti-Berlusconism,and Silvio Berlusconi's personal scorn for the paper.
Enrico Letta is an Italian politician who served as Prime Minister of Italy from April 2013 to February 2014,leading a grand coalition of centre-left and centre-right parties. He was the leader of the Democratic Party (PD) from March 2021 to March 2023.
Social Action,previously known as Freedom of Action,was a national-conservative political party in Italy,founded and led by politician Alessandra Mussolini,who is the granddaughter of Benito Mussolini. The party became a faction within Silvio Berlusconi's People of Freedom party.
Veronica Lario is a former Italian actress and the former wife of ex-Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.
Giorgio La Malfa is an Italian politician.
Mario Clemente Mastella is an Italian politician who has been the mayor of Benevento since 20 June 2016. He also served as leader of the Union of Democrats for Europe (UDEUR),a minor centrist and Christian-democratic Italian party. Mastella,who began his career in the Christian Democracy (DC) party,being elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1976,is known for his trasformismo,changing over his career many political parties and affiliations.
Maria Rosaria "Rosy" Bindi is an Italian politician and the former president of the Antimafia Commission. She began her political career in Christian Democracy (DC),becoming a member of the European Parliament in 1989. After the dissolution of the DC,she joined the centre-left-leaning Italian People's Party (PPI) in 1994 and Democracy is Freedom –The Daisy (DL) in 2002.
Maria Elvira "Marina" Berlusconi is an Italian businesswoman. She is the chairwoman of the holding company Fininvest and the publishing company Arnoldo Mondadori Editore,the latter being the biggest publishing company in Italy. She is the oldest daughter of businessman and former Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi.
The People of Freedom was a centre-right political party in Italy. The PdL launched by Silvio Berlusconi as an electoral list,including Forza Italia and National Alliance,on 27 February for the 2008 Italian general election. The list was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The party's leading members included Angelino Alfano,Renato Schifani,Renato Brunetta,Roberto Formigoni,Maurizio Sacconi,Maurizio Gasparri,Mariastella Gelmini,Antonio Martino,Giancarlo Galan,Maurizio Lupi,Gaetano Quagliariello,Daniela Santanchè,Sandro Bondi,and Raffaele Fitto.
Sergio Mattarella is an Italian politician,jurist,academic,and lawyer who is currently serving as the 12th President of Italy since 2015. He is the longest-serving president in the history of the Italian Republic. Since Giorgio Napolitano's death in 2023,Mattarella has been the only living Italian president.
The Liberal Populars were a short-lived Christian-democratic political party in Italy (2008–2009),which currently functions as an internal faction of Identity and Action (IdeA).
Maria Rosaria "Mara" Carfagna is an Italian politician and former showgirl and model. After obtaining a degree in law,Carfagna worked for several years on Italian television shows and as a model. She later entered politics and was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Forza Italia party in 2006. From 2008 to 2011,she served as Minister for Equal Opportunity in Berlusconi IV Cabinet. In 2018 she was elected vice president of the Chamber of Deputies. In 2021,she has become the Minister for the South and territorial cohesion in the cabinet presided by Mario Draghi.
Giorgio Clelio Stracquadanio was an Italian politician and journalist.
The political career of Silvio Berlusconi (1994–2011) began in 1994,when Berlusconi entered politics for the first time serving intermittent terms as Prime Minister of Italy from 1994 to 1995,2001 to 2006 and 2008 to 2011,his career was racked with controversies and trials;amongst these was his failure to honour his promise to sell his personal assets in Mediaset,the largest television broadcaster network in Italy,in order to dispel any perceived conflicts of interest.
The Movement of National Responsibility was a small centrist parliamentary political party in Italy led by Domenico Scilipoti.
Silvio Berlusconi (1936-2023) was an Italian media mogul and Prime Minister of Italy who owned the largest broadcasting company in that country,Mediaset. His promises to sell off his personal assets to avoid conflicts of interest were never fulfilled,which sparked controversy throughout his terms in office. Berlusconi is a controversial figure in modern Italian politics:his tenure as Prime Minister was racked with scandalous sex affairs and poor judgement and decision-making. These events were widely covered by the media,drawing outcry from many of his Italian contemporaries and worldwide counterparts.
Forza Italia is a centre-right political party in Italy,whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism,Christian democracy,liberalism and populism. FI is a member of the European People's Party. Silvio Berlusconi was the party's leader and president until his death in 2023. The party has since been led by Antonio Tajani,who had been vice president and coordinatior and now functions as secretary. Other leading members include Elisabetta Casellati.
Italia Viva is a liberal political party in Italy founded in September 2019. The party is led by Matteo Renzi,a former Prime Minister of Italy and former secretary of the Democratic Party (PD). As of 2021,Italia Viva is a member of the European Democratic Party.
A five-part abrogative referendum was held in Italy on 12 June 2022. Voters were asked to decide on the repeal of five articles or decrees relating to the functions of the Italian judicial system. Each of the five questions were submitted by nine Italian regions,all governed by the centre-right coalition.
