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Predatory dinoflagellates are predatory heterotrophic or mixotrophic alveolates that derive some or most of their nutrients from digesting other organisms. About one half of dinoflagellates lack photosynthetic pigments and specialize in consuming other eukaryotic cells, and even photosynthetic forms are often predatory.
The South Korea women's national volleyball team represents South Korea in international volleyball competitions and friendly matches. It was one of the leading squads in the world in the 1970s, 1990s and 2010s, having won the bronze medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and placing fourth at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, Great Britain and the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.
Oxyrrhis is a genus of heterotrophic dinoflagellate, the only genus in the family Oxyrrhinaceae. It inhabits a range of marine environments worldwide and is important in the food web dynamics of these ecosystems. It has the potential to be considered a model organism for the study of other protists. Oxyrrhis is an early-branching lineage and has long been described in literature as a monospecific genus, containing only Oxyrrhis marina. Some recent molecular phylogenetic studies argue that Oxyrrhis comprises O. marina and O. maritima as distinct species, while other publications state that the two are genetically diverse lineages of the same species. The genus has previously been suggested to contain O. parasitica as a separate species, however the current consensus appears to exclude this, with Oxyrrhis being monospecific and containing O. marina and O. maritima as separate lineages of the type species. The genus is characterised by its elongated body which is anteriorly prolonged to a point, its complex flagellar apparatuses which attach to the ventral side of the cell, and the unique features of its nucleus.
Akashiwo sanguinea is a species of marine dinoflagellates well known for forming blooms that result in red tides. The organism is unarmored (naked). Therefore, it lacks a thick cellulose wall, the theca, common in other genera of dinoflagellates. Reproduction of the phytoplankton species is primarily asexual.
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Polykrikos kofoidii is a species of phagotrophic marine pseudocolonial dinoflagellates that can capture and engulf other protist prey, including the toxic dinoflagellate, Alexandrium tamarense. P. kofoidii is of scientific interest due to its status as a predator of other dinoflagellates, a behavior that is significant in the control of algal blooms. It has a complex life cycle of both vegetative (asexual) and sexual reproduction complicated by its pseudocolonial structure.
A nematocyst is a subcellular structure or organelle containing extrusive filaments found in two families of athecate dinoflagellates, the Warnowiaceae and Polykrikaceae. It is distinct from the similar subcellular structures found in the cnidocyte cells of cnidarians, a group of multicellular organisms including jellyfish and corals; such structures are also often called nematocysts, and cnidocytes are sometimes referred to as nematocytes. It is unclear whether the relationship between dinoflagellate and cnidarian nematocysts is a case of convergent evolution or common descent, although molecular evidence has been interpreted as supporting an endosymbiotic origin for cnidarian nematocysts.
The Polykrikaceae are a family of athecate dinoflagellates of the order Gymnodiniales. Members of the family are known as polykrikoids. The family contains two genera: Polykrikos and Pheopolykrikos.
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Ji Hee Kim is an Antarctic researcher, best known for being the Principal Investigator for comprehensive environmental monitoring and construction of the long term environmental database at South Korea's King Sejong Station.
Dinoflagellates are eukaryotic plankton, existing in marine and freshwater environments. Previously, dinoflagellates had been grouped into two categories, phagotrophs and phototrophs. Mixotrophs, however include a combination of phagotrophy and phototrophy. Mixotrophic dinoflagellates are a sub-type of planktonic dinoflagellates and are part of the phylum Dinoflagellata. They are flagellated eukaryotes that combine photoautotrophy when light is available, and heterotrophy via phagocytosis. Dinoflagellates are one of the most diverse and numerous species of phytoplankton, second to diatoms.
Tessaracoccus coleopterorum is a Gram-positive, coccus-shaped, facultatively anaerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus Tessaracoccus which has been isolated from the intestine of a dark diving beetle.
Flaviflexus ciconiae is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic bacterium from the genus of Flaviflexus which has been isolated from the faeces of the stork Ciconia boyciana from the Seoul Grand Park Zoo in Korea.
References
- ↑ Guiry, M .D. & G. M. Guiry. 2013. Luciella masanensis. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Accessed 10 June 2013.
- ↑ Mason, Patrice L.; R. Wayne Litaker; Hae Jin Jeong; Jeong Hyun Ha; Kimberly S. Reece; Nancy A. Stokes; Jae Yeon Park; Karen A. Steidinger; Mark W. Vandersea; Steve Kibler; Patricia A. Tester; Wolfgang K. Vogelbei (2007). "Description of a new genus of Pfiestria-like dinoflagellate, Luciella gen. nov. (Dinophyceae), including two new species: Luciella masanensis sp. nov. and Luciella atlantis sp. nov". Journal of Phycology. 43 (4): 799–810. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00370.x. S2CID 4650073.
- ↑ Jeong, Hae Jin; Jeong Hyun Ha; Yeong Du Yoo; Jae Yeon Park; Jong Hyeok Kim; Nam Seon Kang; Tae Hoon Kim; Hyung Seop Kim; Won Ho Yih (2007). "Feeding by the Pfiesteria-Like Heterotrophic Dinoflagellate Luciella masanensis". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 54 (3): 231–241. doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00259.x. PMID 17552978. S2CID 614623.
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