Lugbara music refers to music performed in Lugbara. It can be a folk song, musical proverb or modern pop music. The general term for music in Lugbara is ongo.
Lugbara music can be performed using various traditional instruments. Adungu is a multi-stringed and bow-arched wooden instrument that is usually covered with animal hide at the base and made in various sizes, the smaller ones are handheld while the bigger ones rest on the ground or floor for easy play. Most tribes in Northern Uganda use it. Agwara is a local trumpet. Guke, a trumpet is used by men and boys in most of their dance. Luru is the Lugbara end blow trumpet made from a bottle shaped gourd. Mare is the side-blown trumpet made from a gourd and a wooden tube. It is blown through the hole in the gourd with the wooden tube pointing downward or under the left arm. Bees wax is smeared inside the gourd which is wetted before it is played, only at death dances. Naito is the special drum used in union with this funeral trumpet, but the general Lugbara name for a drum is ari.
There are various kinds of Lugbara dances. Agwara is a dance from the Lugbara and Kebu [1] in the West Nile, bordering the Congo and the Sudan. The dance got its name from agwara , a local trumpet. The men play these horns as the women dance. Duluka which means 'dance' in Nubian language, is considered another Lugbara dance, a community and tourist attraction where music can even be played on banana stems. Gaze is a traditional dance of the Lugbara people. This youthful dance reflects the transition of the bodily movements into the style of their neighbors in the Congo and is spreading across Uganda. [2] Mbiri is known among the Madi. Nambi is performed mostly by young people during traditional marriage. Oseke is for the Kebu. [3] Otwenge which literally means 'elbow' is another folk dance among the Kebu and Lugbara. [4] It involves the raising of elbow joints, also performed by Alur. Costumes used in these dances include animal skins, feathers, grass skirts and shells.
With the advent of radio technology and music videos, Lugbara music has grown steadily. Songs are composed regularly with two or more verses and a chorus accompanied by foreign instruments such as guitars, pianos and mixers. Gospel in Lugbara has always had a widespread presence but other foreign genres like hip hop and reggae have also been incorporated. The growth has witnessed the emergence of producers like Papa Muzamil, Joshman Perfection, Wise Touch Kumapeesa, Ghamille Pro; production studios like Audio Wave, Chuchu Records, (Papa's) Jomic, Swag Beat Records, Malcolm Records, Wise Records, New Orleans Studio, F-Records, Fireworks Films, Benchmark Films, Bajack Entertainment, Thunder Films plus music stars like Leku Culture, Innocent Nyakuta, Leila Chandiru, (UK-based) Betty & Gladys, Marteen, Daniel Kaweesa, among others [5] Ginuham, Ragga Python, Loveson Controlla, Pingoman, Fingerman, Dogman, Lady Abiria, P.I.G. (Perfect In the Game), Ras(ta) P., Jack P., PCY, Gbara Spoken, LMB Raggs, Fat A, J*Hope Band, Gospel Armour Ministries, Ben Ayikobua, D2G (Dedicated 2 GOD), King Weeda(h), Van Smokey, Lady J, Fify Hafy, Trisha, Sticka, Black Harmony, J.M. Kennedy, Rappa Blutit, Monopoly(bad character), Jackie Chandiru and many others. Arua is literally the centre of modern Lugbara music played daily on local media like Arua One, Radio Pacis, Nile FM, Access FM, Voice Of Life among others which reach neighboring places including Nebbi, Gulu and Congo too. The internet through websites like Facebook and YouTube [6] is also another exploited avenue.
The xylophone is a musical instrument in the percussion family that consists of wooden bars struck by mallets. Like the glockenspiel, the xylophone essentially consists of a set of tuned wooden keys arranged in the fashion of the keyboard of a piano. Each bar is an idiophone tuned to a pitch of a musical scale, whether pentatonic or heptatonic in the case of many African and Asian instruments, diatonic in many western children's instruments, or chromatic for orchestral use.
Arua District is a district in the Northern Region of Uganda. Like many other Ugandan districts, it shares its name with its administrative center of Arua. The name Arua is said to be derived from the Lugbara name for prison (Arujo) and prisoner (Aru), since the white settlers had a detention center at Arua Hill.
The Lugbara are a Central Sudanic ethnic group who live primarily in the West Nile region of Uganda, in the adjoining area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) with a few living in South Sudan. They speak the Lugbara language, a Central Sudanic language similar to the language spoken by the Madi, with whom they also share many cultural similarities.
In many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the use of music is not limited to entertainment: it serves a purpose to the local community and helps in the conduct of daily routines. Traditional African music supplies appropriate music and dance for work and for religious ceremonies of birth, naming, rites of passage, marriage and funerals. The beats and sounds of the drum are used in communication as well as in cultural expression.
The chromatic trumpet of Western tradition is a fairly recent invention, but primitive trumpets of one form or another have been in existence for millennia; some of the predecessors of the modern instrument are now known to date back to the Neolithic era. The earliest of these primordial trumpets were adapted from animal horns and sea shells, and were common throughout Europe, Africa, India and, to a lesser extent, the Middle East. Primitive trumpets eventually found their way to most parts of the globe, though even today indigenous varieties are quite rare in the Americas, the Far East and South-East Asia. Some species of primitive trumpets can still be found in remote places, where they have remained largely untouched by the passage of time.
Lugbara, or Lugbarati, is the language of the Lugbara people. It is spoken in the West Nile region in northwestern Uganda, as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo's Orientale Province with little extend to the south Sudan as the Zande or Azande people.
The gourd mouth organ is a free reed mouth organ played across East and Southeast Asia. It consists of a gourd wind chest with several bamboo or bronze pipes inserted on top of it, the numbers of pipes differing from region to region.
The amakondere is a type of natural trumpet found in Uganda and Rwanda.
The wazza, also referred to as al-Wazza, is a type of natural horn played in Sudanese music. The wazza is a long wind instrument, constructed by joining several wooden tubes to form an elaborate gourd trumpet, and while blown, it is also tapped for percussive effect. Characteristically, it has been used by the Berta people of the Blue Nile State in Sudan. Across the Blue Nile State communities, it has been use for generations to guide in the harvest season.
Taonga pūoro are the traditional musical instruments of the Māori people of New Zealand.
Lugbara cuisine is one of the meals of East Africa and the ancient Lado Enclave. The Lugbara people of northwestern Uganda and northeastern DR Congo eat not only vegetable dishes, but also animals like goats, cows plus ope (guineafowls) and catch insects like onya for food which is called nyaka in the standard Lugbara language used in Arua. Cassava flour, sometimes mixed with millet or sorghum like posho or ugali, is the staple food and is called enya(sa) and accompanied with a range of soup dishes. Rice, yams, potatoes and matoke are also eaten. Below is a list of some of the Lugbara-styled delicacies found in West Nile Restaurants, Ariwara Town, Arua Park in Kampala and many homes or cafeterias that cherish traditional Lugbara cuisine.
Okuyo Joel Atiku Prynce is a Ugandan actor, model, photographer and lecturer at Uganda Christian University where he graduated with a Bachelor of Social Work and Social Administration (BSWSA) plus Makerere University, the Best Two Campuses in Uganda. His film acting breakthrough came when he was cast as the Devil's reincarnation in Ugandan director Matt Bish's 2007 Film Battle of the Souls, a popular Ugawood Movie. It was based on the real-life story of the director's brother, KFM Radio Presenter Roger Mugisha. Prynce is also the President of his own company The Lhynnq-X, Inc. Born in Arua on 4 December 1983 to a Lugbara couple, the late Lt.Colonel Gabriel Francis Atiku and Yema Drakuru Atiku, his debut villain role won him over five international accolades including Best Supporting Actor at the Balafon Film Festival in Bari, Italy (2008) and 2009's Best Actor in Supporting Role at the Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA) in Lagos, Nigeria. Other awards include Best Actor at both Ubuntu Village, Colorado (USA) in 2010 and the 2011 Zanzibar International Film Festival [ZIFF] in Tanzania. Ugandan newspaper The Observer labelled Okuyo Africa's Brad Pitt.
Tara is a subcounty at the north-eastern end of Maracha District of Uganda. It is an area endowed with rocks and is neighboured in the Northwest by Koboko; to the Northeast by Yumbe; to the East by Omugo subcounty plus to the South by Nyadri. Other subcounties in Maracha include Yivu, Aiivu, Oleba, Uriama, Omugo and Nyadri.
Agofe is the noble title for the chief cultural leader among all the Lugbara people or King of Lado Kingdom which covers the regions of West Nile, Ituri, Torit, Uele and Yei. The term means 'Pillar' or 'Paramount Chief' but a king is also called opi in Lugbara; an opi is usually the clan leader of a lineage. Around 1967, President Milton Obote abolished kingdoms, then the 1995 Constitution reinstated cultural institutions but the Lugbara only chose county chiefs. In 2012, the Government of Uganda finally recognised this revised Agofe institution. The Agofe's duty will be to preserve Lugbara culture through literature and other assignments.
Black Harmony is a Lugbara music duo based in Arua. It comprises Emmanuel Ledra who sings and raps while Robert Adima provides the "reggae flavour".
Jackie Chandiru is a Ugandan musician popularly known by the polynym "Queen Of The Nile". She was the lead member of the girl music group Blu*3, based in Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. In 2014, she was a featured artist in "Coke Studio Africa".
Trough zithers are a group of African stringed instruments or chordophones whose members resemble wooden bowls, pans, platters, or shallow gutters with strings stretched across the opening. A type of zither, the instruments may be quiet, depending upon the shape of the bowl or string-holder. Sound is often amplified with the addition of a gourd resonator. Instruments have been classed into five different types, based on shape.
Lugbara Kari refers to the official traditional and cultural institution of all Lugbara people on Earth and headed by the Agofe.
Voice Of Life (Arua) is a church-oriented Ugandan broadcast station based in Arua since 1997. Also referred to as VOL, it was the first FM radio channel in West Nile, five years after the first in Uganda's capital Kampala. The offices are on the northwestern top of Arua Hill at Plot M47 Independence Road which runs behind Arua Hill Park.