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Cerebrovascular disease includes a variety of medical conditions that affect the blood vessels of the brain and the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen and nutrients to the brain are often damaged or deformed in these disorders. The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. Hypertension is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke.
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functioning properly.
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, intraparenchymal bleed, and haemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain, into its ventricles, or into both. An ICH is one kind of bleeding within the skull and one kind of stroke. Symptoms can include headache, one-sided weakness, vomiting, seizures, decreased level of consciousness, and neck stiffness. Often, symptoms get worse over time. Fever is also common.
Louise McCullough M.D., Ph.D is the Prof. Roy M. & Phyllis Gough Huffington Distinguished Chair of Neurology and a practicing vascular neurologist and professor who is actively engaged in stroke research at the University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, Texas. She provides neurological care at Memorial Hermann Hospital, which has a state-of-the-art stroke center and is co-director of the Mischer Neuroscience Institute.
Neuroepidemiology is a science of incidence, prevalence, risk factors, natural history and prognosis of neurological disorders, as well as of experimental neuroepidemiology, which is research based on clinical trials of effectiveness or efficacy of various interventions in neurological disorders.
The Center for Cerebrovascular Research at the University of California, San Francisco is a collective of faculty and staff investigating matters related to cerebral circulation, particularly cerebrovascular disease resulting from narrowing of major blood vessels in the brain and vascular malformation of the brain. While research offices are located on Parnassus campus, San Francisco General Hospital hosts the center's laboratories and facilities. The center coordinates with additional faculty in various fields of neuroscience and vascular biology. Sponsors include the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the UCSF departments of Anesthesia, Neurological Surgery and Neurology.
Cerebellar stroke syndrome is a condition in which the circulation to the cerebellum is impaired due to a lesion of the superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery or the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
A silent stroke is a stroke that does not have any outward symptoms associated with stroke, and the patient is typically unaware they have suffered a stroke. Despite not causing identifiable symptoms, a silent stroke still causes damage to the brain and places the patient at increased risk for both transient ischemic attack and major stroke in the future. In a broad study in 1998, more than 11 million people were estimated to have experienced a stroke in the United States. Approximately 770,000 of these strokes were symptomatic and 11 million were first-ever silent MRI infarcts or hemorrhages. Silent strokes typically cause lesions which are detected via the use of neuroimaging such as MRI. The risk of silent stroke increases with age but may also affect younger adults. Women appear to be at increased risk for silent stroke, with hypertension and current cigarette smoking being amongst the predisposing factors.
Vladimir Hachinski is a Canadian clinical neuroscientist and researcher based at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University. He is also a Senior Scientist at London's Robarts Research Institute. His research pertains in the greatest part to stroke and dementia, the interactions between them and their joint prevention. He and John W. Norris helped to establish the world's first successful stroke unit at Sunnybrook Hospital in Toronto, and, by extension, helped cement stroke units as the standard of care for stroke patients everywhere. He discovered that the control of the heart by the brain is asymmetric, the fight/flight (sympathetic) response being controlled by the right hemisphere and the rest and digest (parasympathetic) response being controlled by the left hemisphere and damage to one key component can lead to heart irregularities and sudden death. This discovery has added fundamental knowledge to how the brain controls the heart and blood pressure and lays the foundation for helping prevent sudden death.
Rebecca Gottesman is Senior Investigator and Stroke Branch Chief at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Before joining NINDS, she was Professor of Neurology and Epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University. Gottesman completed a B.A. in Psychology at Columbia University (1995), an M.D. at Columbia University (2000), and a Ph.D. in Clinical Investigation at Johns Hopkins University (2007). She is a Fellow of the American Neurological Association (2012) and a Fellow of the American Heart Association (2015).
Merit Cudkowicz is an American neurologist and neuroscientist who studies amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cudkowicz is Julieanne Dorn Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, director of the ALS clinic and the Neurological Clinical Research Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and chair of the Department of Neurology at MGH. Cudkowicz has led several large scale collaborations and clinical trials to test novel treatments for ALS and as of 2020 researches ways to detect early biomarkers of ALS to improve diagnosis.
Fredrick DuBois Bowman is an American statistician who is the Dean of the School of Public Health at the University of Michigan. His research applies statistical analysis to brain imaging to better understand Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Bowman is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
Sharon Lee Reilly Kardia is an American epidemiologist. She is the Millicent W. Higgins Collegiate Professor of Epidemiology and Associate Dean for Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health. Her research interests involve genetic epidemiology of common chronic diseases.
Marie-Germaine Bousser is a French neuroscientist. She won the Brain Prize in 2019 for her work on CADASIL.
Friedhelm Christoph Hummel is a German neuroscientist and neurologist. A full professor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, he is the Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, and the head of the Hummel Laboratory at EPFL's School of Life Sciences. He also is an associate professor of clinical neuroscience at the University of Geneva.
Élisabeth Tournier-Lasserve is a French neurologist, medical geneticist, university professor and hospital practitioner in genetics. Together with three colleagues, she was the co-recipient of the Brain Prize in 2019, the world's largest brain research prize.
Ava Easton is a health scientist and researcher who specialises in encephalitis, acquired brain injury and narrative medicine, and is considered a world expert in her field of Encephalitis patient outcomes and quality of life. She is the current Chief Executive of The Encephalitis Society, a non-profit organisation which provides support and resources for those affected by the neurological disease of Encephalitis, and collaborates with various organisations on research into the disease.
Stephan A. Mayer is an American neurologist and critical care physician who currently serves as Director of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology Services for the Westchester Medical Center Health System. Mayer is most noted for his research in subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke, cardiac arrest, coma, status epilepticus, brain multimodality monitoring, therapeutic temperature modulation, and outcomes after severe brain injury. He has gained media attention for popularizing the concept that physicians have historically underestimated the brain’s resilience and capacity for recovery. He has authored over 400 original research publications, 200 chapters and review articles, and 370 abstracts.
Alexa S. Beiser is an American professor of biostatistics and public health researcher.
David John Werring is a British physician, neurologist, and academic specialising in stroke. He is professor of Neurology at the UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and current head of Stroke Research Centre and the department of Brain Repair & Rehabilitation at UCL.
References
- 1 2 3 "Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH | Faculty Profiles | U-M School of Public Health". sph.umich.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ Lisabeth, Lynda (2003). Methods for studying menstrual function across the reproductive life span (Thesis). OCLC 68943613.
- ↑ "Lynda Lisabeth, Ph.D., M.P.H. - Faculty Profiles - Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health - University of Michigan | U-M School of Public Health". sph.umich.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ Norton, Amy (2010-11-04). "Arsenic in drinking water tied to stroke risk". Reuters. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "Strokes steal 8 years' worth of brain function, new study suggests". Healthcanal.com. 2015-06-05. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "Does your neighborhood affect your stroke recovery?". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "Women Fare Worse Than Men After a Stroke". WebMD. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "Women, Mexican-Americans At Higher Risk Of Ruptured Brain Aneurysm". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "Regents Roundup — June 2021 | The University Record". record.umich.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
- ↑ "AHA Fellows and International Fellows". professional.heart.org. Retrieved 2021-08-11.
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