M109 Group

M109 Group
M109 Group
Observation data (Epoch J2000)
Constellation(s)	Ursa Major
Right ascension	11h 55m
Declination	+51° 20′
Brightest member	Messier 109
Number of galaxies	41–58
Other designations
	NGC 3992 Group, LGG 258,; NOGG H 547,; NOGG P1 588, NOGG P2 597
	See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters

Last updated May 15, 2023

The M109 Group (also known as the NGC 3992 Group or Ursa Major cloud) is a group of galaxies about 55 million light-years away^[4] in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy within the group, the spiral galaxy M109.

NGC 4157, seen by the 32 inch Schulman Foundation telescope on Mt. Lemmon, USA. NGC4157.jpg — NGC 4157, seen by the 32 inch Schulman Foundation telescope on Mt. Lemmon, USA.

Members

The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog,^[3] the survey of Fouque et al.,^[5] the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalogue,^[1] and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al.^[2]

**Members of the M109 Group**
Name	Type ^[6]	R.A. (J2000)^[6]	Dec. (J2000)^[6]	Redshift (km/s)^[6]	Apparent Magnitude ^[6]
Messier 109	SB(rs)bc	11^h 57^m 36.0^s	+53° 22′ 28″	1048 ± 1	10.6
NGC 3718	SB(s)a pec	11^h 32^m 34.9^s	+53° 04′ 05″	993 ± 1	11.6
NGC 3726	SAB(r)c	11^h 33^m 21.2^s	+47° 01′ 45″	866 ± 1	10.9
NGC 3729	SB(r)a pec	11^h 33^m 49.3^s	+53° 07′ 32″	1060 ± 1	12.0
NGC 3769	SB(r)b	11^h 37^m 44.1^s	+47° 53′ 35″	737 ± 2	12.5
NGC 3782	SAB(s)cd	11^h 39^m 20.7^s	+46° 30′ 48″	739 ± 6	13.1
NGC 3870	S0	11^h 45^m 56.6^s	+50° 11′ 59″	756 ± 7	13.4
NGC 3877	Sc	11^h 46^m 07.8^s	+47° 29′ 41″	895 ± 4	12.1
NGC 3893	SAB(rs)c	11^h 48^m 38.2^s	+48° 42′ 39″	967 ± 1	11.2
NGC 3913	(R)SA(rs)d	11^h 50^m 38.9^s	+55° 21′ 14″	954 ± 4	13.2
NGC 3917	SAcd	11^h 50^m 45.5^s	+51° 49′ 27″	965 ± 1	12.5
NGC 3922	S0/a	11^h 51^m 13.4^s	+50° 09′ 25″	906 ± 7	13.4
NGC 3928	SA(s)b	11^h 51^m 47.6^s	+48° 40′ 59″	988 ± 4	13.0
NGC 3949	SA(s)bc	11^h 53^m 41.4^s	+47° 51′ 32″	800 ± 1	11.5
NGC 3953	SB(r)bc	11^h 53^m 48.9^s	+52° 19′ 36″	1052 ± 2	10.8
NGC 3972	SA(s)bc	11^h 55^m 45.1^s	+55° 19′ 15″	852 ± 1	13.1
NGC 3982	SAB(r)b	11^h 56^m 28.1^s	+55° 07′ 31″	1109 ± 6	12.0
NGC 4010	SB(s)d	11^h 58^m 37.9^s	+47° 15′ 41″	902 ± 1	13.2
NGC 4026	S0	11^h 59^m 25.2^s	+50° 57′ 42″	930 ± 40	11.7
NGC 4085	SAB(s)c	12^h 05^m 22.7^s	+50° 21′ 10″	746 ± 5	13.0
NGC 4088	SAB(rs)bc	12^h 05^m 34.2^s	+50° 32′ 21″	757 ± 1	11.2
NGC 4100	(R)SA(rs)bc	12^h 06^m 08.1^s	+49° 34′ 59″	1074 ± 1	11.9
NGC 4102	SAB(s)b	12^h 06^m 23.1^s	+52° 42′ 39″	846 ± 2	12.0
NGC 4142	SB(s)d	12^h 09^m 30.2^s	+53° 06′ 18″	1157 ± 7	13.9
NGC 4157	SAB(s)b	12^h 11^m 04.4^s	+50° 29′ 05″	774 ± 2	12.2
UGC 6628	SAm	11^h 40^m 06.7^s	+45° 56′ 34″	841 ± 1	13.2
UGC 6667	Scd	11^h 42^m 26.3^s	+51° 35′ 53″	973 ± 1	14.2
UGC 6840	SB(rs)m	11^h 52^m 07.0^s	+52° 06′ 29″	1046 ± 5	14.3
UGC 6917	SBm	11^h 56^m 28.8^s	+50° 25′ 42″	911 ± 1	13.1
UGC 6923	Im	11^h 56^m 49.4^s	+53° 09′ 37″	1066 ± 2	15.1
UGC 6930	SAB(s)d	11^h 57^m 17.3^s	+49° 16′ 59″	777 ± 0	12.7
UGC 6983	SB(rs)cd	11^h 59^m 09.3^s	+52° 42′ 27″	1082 ± 1	13.1
UGC 7218	Im	12^h 12^m 56.5^s	+52° 15′ 55″	770 ± 7	14.8

Galaxies frequently but not consistently listed as group members in the above references (i.e. galaxies listed in four of the above lists) include NGC 3631, NGC 3657, NGC 3733, NGC 3756, NGC 3850, NGC 3898, NGC 3985, NGC 3990, NGC 3998, NGC 4217, NGC 4220, UGC 6773, UGC 6802, UGC 6816, UGC 6922, and UGC 6969. The exact membership and the exact number of galaxies in the group is somewhat uncertain.

Fouque et al. lists these galaxies as two separate groups named Ursa Major I North and Ursa Major I South, both of which were used to compile the above table.^[5] Most other references, however, identify this as a single group, as is specifically noted in the LGG Catalogue.^[1]

Related Research Articles

NGC 4631 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici. This galaxy's slightly distorted wedge shape gives it the appearance of a herring or a whale, hence its nickname. Because this nearby galaxy is seen edge-on from Earth, professional astronomers observe this galaxy to better understand the gas and stars located outside the plane of the galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leo Triplet</span> Group of galaxies in the constellation Leo

The Leo Triplet is a small group of galaxies about 35 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. This galaxy group consists of the spiral galaxies M65, M66, and NGC 3628.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 109</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

Messier 109 is a barred spiral galaxy exhibiting a weak inner ring structure around the central bar approximately 67.2 ± 23 million light-years away in the northern constellation Ursa Major. M109 can be seen south-east of the star Phecda.

The M101 Group is a loose group of galaxies located in the constellation Ursa Major. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101). Most of the other members of the group are companions of the Pinwheel Galaxy. The group itself is one of many located within the Virgo Supercluster.

NGC 3982, also known as UGC 6918, is an intermediate spiral galaxy approximately 68 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 14, 1789, and misclassified as a planetary nebula. NGC 3982 is a part of the M109 Group.

The NGC 4038 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellations Corvus and Crater. The group may contain between 13 and 27 galaxies. The group's best known galaxies are the Antennae Galaxies, a well-known interacting pair of galaxies.

NGC 4027 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 83 million light-years away in the constellation Corvus. It is also a peculiar galaxy because one of its spiral arms goes out more than the other. This is probably due to a galactic collision in NGC 4027's past.

The M94 Group is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.

The M74 Group is a small group of galaxies in the constellation Pisces. The face-on spiral galaxy M74 is the brightest galaxy within the group. Other members include the peculiar spiral galaxy NGC 660 and several smaller irregular galaxies . The M74 Group is one of many galaxy groups that lie within the Virgo Supercluster.

The NGC 4631 Group is a poorly defined group of galaxies, about 25 million light-years from Earth in the Coma Berenices and Canes Venatici constellations.

NGC 3953 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy is known to exhibit an inner ring structure that encircles the bar. NGC 3953 is a member of the M109 Group, a large group of galaxies located within the constellation Ursa Major that may contain over 50 galaxies.

NGC 3384 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Leo. The galaxy was discovered by William Herschel in 1784 as part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue. The high age of the stars in the central region of NGC 3384 was confirmed after analysis of their color. More than 80% were found to be Population II stars which are over a billion years old. The supermassive black hole at the core has a mass of 1.6+0.1
−0.2×10⁷ M_☉.

The NGC 5866 Group is a small group of galaxies located in the constellation Draco. The group is named after NGC 5866, the galaxy with the highest apparent magnitude in the group, although some galaxy group catalogs list NGC 5907 as the brightest member.

The M51 Group is a group of galaxies located in Canes Venatici. The group is named after the brightest galaxy in the group, the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51A). Other notable members include the companion galaxy to the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51B) and the Sunflower Galaxy (M63).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">M96 Group</span> Galaxy group in the constellation Leo

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The Coma I Group is a group of galaxies located about 14.5 Mpc (47.3 Mly) away in the constellation Coma Berenices. The brightest member of the group is NGC 4725. The Coma I Group is rich in spiral galaxies while containing few elliptical and lenticular galaxies. Coma I lies in the foreground of the more distant Coma and Leo clusters and is located within the Virgo Supercluster.

NGC 3981 is an unbarred spiral galaxy located 62 million light-years away in the constellation of Crater. It was discovered on February 7, 1785 by William Herschel.

NGC 668 is a spiral galaxy located 200 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by astronomer Édouard Stephan on December 4, 1880 and is a member of Abell 262.

NGC 669 is an edge-on spiral galaxy with an active galactic nucleus located 200 million light-years away in the constellation Triangulum. NGC 669 was discovered by astronomer Édouard Stephan on November 28, 1883 and is a member of Abell 262.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 679</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 679 is an elliptical or a lenticular galaxy located 210 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 13, 1784 and is a member of Abell 262.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv: astro-ph/0001140 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.
1 2 R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1.
↑ The Ursa Major Groups
1 2 P. Fouque; E. Gourgoulhon; P. Chamaraux; G. Paturel (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.
1 2 3 4 5 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2006-11-09.

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[garcia1993-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Garcia (1993). "General study of group membership. II – Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G.

[giuricinetal2002-2] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 G. Giuricin; C. Marinoni; L. Ceriani; A. Pisani (2000). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". Astrophysical Journal. 543 (1): 178–194. arXiv: astro-ph/0001140 . Bibcode:2000ApJ...543..178G. doi:10.1086/317070. S2CID 9618325.

[nbg-3] 1 2 R. B. Tully (1988). Nearby Galaxies Catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1.

[4] The Ursa Major Groups

[fouqueetal1992-5] 1 2 P. Fouque; E. Gourgoulhon; P. Chamaraux; G. Paturel (1992). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II – The catalogue of groups and group members". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement. 93: 211–233. Bibcode:1992A&AS...93..211F.

[ned-6] 1 2 3 4 5 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for various galaxies. Retrieved 2006-11-09.

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