Histone H4 transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HINFP gene. [4] [5]
Histone H4 transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HINFP gene. [4] [5]
HINFP is a protein that binds to a highly conserved DNA motif found in most histone H4 genes. HINFP activates H4 gene expression through interactions with the CDK2 substrate NPAT which is localized in Histone Locus Bodies. HINFP was independently described as a protein called "MBD2 interacting zinc finger protein" (MIZF). MIZF was reported to interact with methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (MBD2; MIM 603547), a component of the MeCP1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex. MIZF is thought to play a role in DNA methylation and transcription repression.[supplied by OMIM] [5]
One key partner protein of HINFP is NPAT, a CDK2 substrate that localizes to Histone Locus Bodies. MIZF has been reported to interact with Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 [4] and DHX9. [6]
In molecular biology and genetics, transcriptional regulation is the means by which a cell regulates the conversion of DNA to RNA (transcription), thereby orchestrating gene activity. A single gene can be regulated in a range of ways, from altering the number of copies of RNA that are transcribed, to the temporal control of when the gene is transcribed. This control allows the cell or organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extracellular signals and thus mount a response. Some examples of this include producing the mRNA that encode enzymes to adapt to a change in a food source, producing the gene products involved in cell cycle specific activities, and producing the gene products responsible for cellular differentiation in multicellular eukaryotes, as studied in evolutionary developmental biology.
S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD1 gene. The protein encoded by MBD1 binds to methylated sequences in DNA, and thereby influences transcription. It binds to a variety of methylated sequences, and appears to mediate repression of gene expression. It has been shown to play a role in chromatin modification through interaction with the histone H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1. H3K9me3 is a repressive modification.
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX2 gene. RUNX2 is a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation.
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.
Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC2 gene. It belongs to the histone deacetylase class of enzymes responsible for the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues at the N-terminal region of the core histones. As such, it plays an important role in gene expression by facilitating the formation of transcription repressor complexes and for this reason is often considered an important target for cancer therapy.
Paired amphipathic helix protein Sin3a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIN3A gene.
Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1β (TIF1β) and KAP1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRIM28 gene.
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SUV39H1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SUV39H1 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD2 gene.
Histone deacetylase 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC6 gene.
Interferon regulatory factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRF2 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD3 gene.
Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MBD4 gene.
Transcriptional regulator Kaiso is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZBTB33 gene. This gene encodes a transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity, which binds to methylated CGCG and also to the non-methylated consensus KAISO-binding site TCCTGCNA. The protein contains an N-terminal POZ/BTB domain and 3 C-terminal zinc finger motifs. It recruits the N-CoR repressor complex to promote histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures in target gene promoters. It may contribute to the repression of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway, and may also activate transcription of a subset of target genes by the recruitment of catenin delta-2 (CTNND2). Its interaction with catenin delta-1 (CTNND1) inhibits binding to both methylated and non-methylated DNA. It also interacts directly with the nuclear import receptor Importin-α2, which may mediate nuclear import of this protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been identified.
Protein NPAT also known as nuclear protein of the ATM locus is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPAT gene.
Activating transcription factor 7-interacting protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATF7IP gene.
Zinc finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF10 gene.
Insulinoma-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INSM1 gene.
The Methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) in molecular biology binds to DNA that contains one or more symmetrically methylated CpGs. MBD has negligible non-specific affinity for unmethylated DNA. In vitro foot-printing with the chromosomal protein MeCP2 showed that the MBD could protect a 12 nucleotide region surrounding a methyl CpG pair.
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