MSMB

MSMB
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2IZ3, 3IX0
Identifiers
Aliases	MSMB , HPC13, IGBF, MSP, MSPB, PN44, PRPS, PSP, PSP-94, PSP57, PSP94, microseminoprotein, beta-, microseminoprotein beta
External IDs	OMIM: 157145; MGI: 97166; HomoloGene: 1832; GeneCards: MSMB; OMA:MSMB - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 10 (human) [1] Band 10q11.22 Start 46,033,307 bp [1] End 46,048,180 bp [1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 14 (mouse) [2] Band 14|14 B Start 31,863,980 bp [2] End 31,880,327 bp [2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trachea nasal epithelium bronchial epithelial cell olfactory zone of nasal mucosa prostate sperm palpebral conjunctiva epithelium of nasopharynx mucosa of paranasal sinus pylorus Top expressed in morula blastocyst embryo embryo white adipose tissue choroid plexus of fourth ventricle right kidney exocrine gland proximal tubule hepatobiliary system More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding molecular function Cellular component extracellular region nucleus extracellular space Biological process biological process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4477 17695 Ensembl ENSG00000263639 ENSMUSG00000021907 UniProt P08118 O08540 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_138634 NM_002443 NM_020597 RefSeq (protein) NP_002434 NP_619540 NP_065622 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 46.03 – 46.05 Mb Chr 14: 31.86 – 31.88 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Beta-microseminoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSMB gene. ^{[5] [6]} For historical reasons, the scientific literature may also refer to this protein as Prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94), microseminoprotein (MSP), microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB), beta-inhibitin^{[ check spelling ]}, prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP), and inhibitin like material (ILM).

Distribution

MSMB is one of the three major proteins secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate ^[7] and has a concentration in seminal plasma of 0.5 to 1 mg/mL ^[8] Two comprehensive studies of beta-microseminoprotein in tissue have shown that it is secreted by epithelial cells in many other organs: liver, lung, breast, kidney, colon, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, duodenum, salivary glands, fallopian tube, corpus uteri, bulbourethral glands and cervix. ^{[9] [10]} This list corresponds closely to the sites from which all late onset cancers develop. ^[11]

Evolution and structure

MSMB is a rapidly evolving protein. ^[12] Solution structures of human and porcine MSMB show remarkable similarity despite having only 51% of amino acids in common. ^[13] The C-terminus domain of MSMB contains two two-stranded β-sheets; these have no resemblance to other structural motifs. ^[13] The rapid evolution of MSMB can be attributed to either sexual selection or innate pathogen defense; ^[14] the wide distribution of MSMB in the body and the fungicidal properties of the C-terminus suggest that innate pathogen defense plays a role in driving this evolution. ^[15]

Function

Beta-microseminoprotein is a member of the immunoglobulin binding factor family. This protein has been reported to have inhibin-like properties, ^[16] though this finding has been disputed. ^{[17] [18]} It may have a role as an autocrine and/or paracrine factor in uterine, breast, and other female reproductive tissues.^{[ citation needed ]} Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms are described for this gene. Despite having only 4 out of 11 amino acids in common, both the porcine and human fungicidal peptide on MSMB's C-terminus are potently fungicidal in the absence of calcium ions. ^[15] The protein inhibits growth of cancer cells in an experimental model of prostate cancer, ^{[19] [20]} though this property is cell line–specific. ^[21]

Clinical significance

Two large genome-wide association studies showed that decreased expression of the MSMB protein caused by the rs10993994 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer (odds ratio for CT allele pair ~1.2x, and for TT allele pair ~1.6x, when compared to the low risk CC allele pair). ^[22] A 2003 study proposed using a truncated form of the MSMB protein called PSP61 as a biomarker for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study found PSP61 in the expressed prostatic secretion of 10 out of 10 men suffering from BPH, while not finding it in 10 out of 10 age-matched BPH-free men. ^[23] This truncated form of the MSMB protein lacks the fungicidal peptide identified in 2012. The expression of MSMB is found to be decreased in prostate cancer, so it may be usable as a biomarker for prostate cancer. ^[24] Urinary MSMB has been found to be superior to urinary PSA at differentiating men with prostate cancer, at all Gleason grades. ^[25]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000263639 – Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021907 – Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Ulvsback M, Spurr NK, Lundwall A (Mar 1992). "Assignment of the human gene for beta-microseminoprotein (MSMB) to chromosome 10 and demonstration of related genes in other vertebrates". Genomics. 11 (4): 920–4. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90015-7. PMID   1783399.
6. "Entrez Gene: MSMB microseminoprotein, beta-".
7. Lilja H, Abrahamsson PA (1988). "Three predominant proteins secreted by the human prostate gland". Prostate. 12 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1002/pros.2990120105. PMID   3347596. S2CID   12843459.
8. Valtonen-André C, Sävblom C, Fernlund P, Lilja H, Giwercman A, Lundwall A (2008). "Beta-microseminoprotein in serum correlates with the levels in seminal plasma of young, healthy males". J. Androl. 29 (3): 330–7. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.107.003616 . PMID   18222915.
9. Weiber H, Andersson C, Murne A, Rannevik G, Lindström C, Lilja H, Fernlund P (September 1990). "Beta microseminoprotein is not a prostate-specific protein. Its identification in mucous glands and secretions". Am. J. Pathol. 137 (3): 593–603. PMC   1877516 . PMID   2205099.
10. Ohkubo I, Tada T, Ochiai Y, Ueyama H, Eimoto T, Sasaki M (June 1995). "Human seminal plasma beta-microseminoprotein: its purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27 (6): 603–11. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(95)00021-G. PMID   7671139.
11. Laurence M (2018). PSP94, what is it good for? Sixth edition.
12. Nolet S, St-Louis D, Mbikay M, Chrétien M (April 1991). "Rapid evolution of prostatic protein PSP94 suggested by sequence divergence between rhesus monkey and human cDNAs". Genomics. 9 (4): 775–7. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90375-o. PMID   2037304.
13. Ghasriani H, Teilum K, Johnsson Y, Fernlund P, Drakenberg T (September 2006). "Solution structures of human and porcine beta-microseminoprotein". J. Mol. Biol. 362 (3): 502–15. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.029. PMID   16930619.
14. Clark NL, Swanson WJ (September 2005). "Pervasive adaptive evolution in primate seminal proteins". PLOS Genet. 1 (3): e35. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010035 . PMC   1201370 . PMID   16170411.
15. Edström Hägerwall AM, Rydengård V, Fernlund P, Mörgelin M, Baumgarten M, Cole AM, Malmsten M, Kragelund BB, Sørensen OE (2012). "β-Microseminoprotein endows post coital seminal plasma with potent candidacidal activity by a calcium- and pH-dependent mechanism". PLOS Pathog. 8 (4): e1002625. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002625 . PMC   3320615 . PMID   22496651.
16. Sheth AR, Arabatti N, Carlquist M, Jörnvall H (January 1984). "Characterization of a polypeptide from human seminal plasma with inhibin (inhibition of FSH secretion)-like activity". FEBS Lett. 165 (1): 11–5. Bibcode:1984FEBSL.165...11S. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80004-6 . PMID   6692908. S2CID   40923254.
17. Kohan S, Fröysa B, Cederlund E, Fairwell T, Lerner R, Johansson J, Khan S, Ritzen M, Jörnvall H, Cekan S (April 1986). "Peptides of postulated inhibin activity. Lack of in vitro inhibin activity of a 94-residue peptide isolated from human seminal plasma, and of a synthetic replicate of its C-terminal 28-residue segment". FEBS Lett. 199 (2): 242–8. Bibcode:1986FEBSL.199..242K. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80488-4. PMID   3084296. S2CID   33940801.
18. Gordon WL, Liu WK, Akiyama K, Tsuda R, Hara M, Schmid K, Ward DN (May 1987). "Beta-microseminoprotein (beta-MSP) is not an inhibin". Biol. Reprod. 36 (4): 829–35. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod36.4.829 . PMID   3109514.
19. Garde S, Sheth A, Porter AT, Pienta KJ (1993). "Effect of prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP) on prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo". Prostate. 22 (3): 225–33. doi:10.1002/pros.2990220305. PMID   8488155. S2CID   20872869.
20. Shukeir N, Arakelian A, Kadhim S, Garde S, Rabbani SA (May 2003). "Prostate secretory protein PSP-94 decreases tumor growth and hypercalcemia of malignancy in a syngenic in vivo model of prostate cancer". Cancer Res. 63 (9): 2072–8. PMID   12727822.
21. Pathak BR, Breed AA, Nakhawa VH, Jagtap DD, Mahale SD (September 2010). "Growth inhibition mediated by PSP94 or CRISP-3 is prostate cancer cell line specific". Asian J. Androl. 12 (5): 677–89. doi:10.1038/aja.2010.56. PMC   3739318 . PMID   20676114.
22. Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Giles GG, Olama AA, Guy M, Jugurnauth SK, Mulholland S, Leongamornlert DA, Edwards SM, Morrison J, et al. (March 2008). "Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility". Nat. Genet. 40 (3): 316–21. doi:10.1038/ng.90. PMID   18264097. S2CID   30968525.
23. Xu K, Wang X, Ling MT, Lee DT, Fan T, Chan FL, Xuan JJ, Tsao SW, Wong YC (April 2003). "Identification of a specifically expressed modified form of novel PSP-94 protein in the secretion of benign prostatic hyperplasia". Electrophoresis. 24 (7–8): 1311–8. doi:10.1002/elps.200390167. PMID   12707925. S2CID   21348603.
24. Whitaker HC, Warren AY, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, Neal DE (February 2010). "The potential value of microseminoprotein-beta as a prostate cancer biomarker and therapeutic target". Prostate. 70 (3): 333–40. doi:10.1002/pros.21059. PMID   19790236. S2CID   206397505.
25. Whitaker HC, Kote-Jarai Z, Ross-Adams H, Warren AY, Burge J, George A, Bancroft E, Jhavar S, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, et al. (2010). "The rs10993994 risk allele for prostate cancer results in clinically relevant changes in microseminoprotein-beta expression in tissue and urine". PLOS ONE. 5 (10): e13363. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513363W. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013363 . PMC   2954177 . PMID   20967219.

Further reading

• Liang ZG, Kamada M, Koide SS (1991). "Structural identity of immunoglobulin binding factor and prostatic secretory protein of human seminal plasma". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 180 (1): 356–9. Bibcode:1991BBRC..180..356L. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81300-2. PMID   1930232.
• Nolet S, Mbikay M, Chrétien M (1991). "Prostatic secretory protein PSP94: gene organization and promoter sequence in rhesus monkey and human". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1089 (2): 247–9. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(91)90016-F. PMID   2054385.
• Green CB, Liu WY, Kwok SC (1990). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the human beta-microseminoprotein gene". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 167 (3): 1184–90. Bibcode:1990BBRC..167.1184G. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)90648-7. PMID   2322265.
• Ito Y, Tsuda R, Kimura H (1989). "Ultrastructural localizations of beta-microseminoprotein, a prostate-specific antigen, in human prostate and sperm: comparison with gamma-seminoprotein, another prostate-specific antigen". J. Lab. Clin. Med. 114 (3): 272–7. PMID   2475560.
• Ulvsbäck M, Lindström C, Weiber H, et al. (1989). "Molecular cloning of a small prostate protein, known as beta-microsemenoprotein, PSP94 or beta-inhibin, and demonstration of transcripts in non-genital tissues". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164 (3): 1310–5. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)91812-3. PMID   2590204.
• Abrahamsson PA, Andersson C, Björk T, et al. (1989). "Radioimmunoassay of beta-microseminoprotein, a prostatic-secreted protein present in sera of both men and women". Clin. Chem. 35 (7): 1497–503. doi: 10.1093/clinchem/35.7.1497 . PMID   2758596.
• Mbikay M, Nolet S, Fournier S, et al. (1987). "Molecular cloning and sequence of the cDNA for a 94-amino-acid seminal plasma protein secreted by the human prostate". DNA. 6 (1): 23–9. doi:10.1089/dna.1987.6.23. PMID   3829888.
• Akiyama K, Yoshioka Y, Schmid K, et al. (1985). "The amino acid sequence of human beta-microseminoprotein". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 829 (2): 288–94. doi:10.1016/0167-4838(85)90200-6. PMID   3995056.
• Seidah NG, Arbatti NJ, Rochemont J, et al. (1984). "Complete amino acid sequence of human seminal plasma beta-inhibin. Prediction of post Gln-Arg cleavage as a maturation site". FEBS Lett. 175 (2): 349–55. Bibcode:1984FEBSL.175..349S. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80766-8 . PMID   6434350. S2CID   82405441.
• Liu AY, Bradner RC, Vessella RL (1994). "Decreased expression of prostatic secretory protein PSP94 in prostate cancer". Cancer Lett. 74 (1–2): 91–9. doi:10.1016/0304-3835(93)90049-F. PMID   7506990.
• Xuan JW, Chin JL, Guo Y, et al. (1995). "Alternative splicing of PSP94 (prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids) mRNA in prostate tissue". Oncogene. 11 (6): 1041–7. PMID   7566962.
• Ochiai Y, Inazawa J, Ueyama H, Ohkubo I (1995). "Human gene for beta-microseminoprotein: its promoter structure and chromosomal localization". J. Biochem. 117 (2): 346–52. doi:10.1093/jb/117.2.346. PMID   7608123.
• Ohkubo I, Tada T, Ochiai Y, et al. (1995). "Human seminal plasma beta-microseminoprotein: its purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27 (6): 603–11. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(95)00021-G. PMID   7671139.
• Fernlund P, Granberg LB, Roepstorff P (1994). "Amino acid sequence of beta-microseminoprotein from porcine seminal plasma". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 309 (1): 70–6. doi:10.1006/abbi.1994.1086. PMID   8117114.
• Sasaki T, Matsumoto N, Jinno Y, et al. (1997). "Assignment of the human beta-microseminoprotein gene (MSMB) to chromosome 10q11.2". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 72 (2–3): 177–8. doi:10.1159/000134180. PMID   8978767.
• Kamada M, Mori H, Maeda N, et al. (1998). "beta-Microseminoprotein/prostatic secretory protein is a member of immunoglobulin binding factor family". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1388 (1): 101–10. doi:10.1016/S0167-4838(98)00164-2. PMID   9774712.
• Mäkinen M, Valtonen-André C, Lundwall A (1999). "New world, but not Old World, monkeys carry several genes encoding beta-microseminoprotein". Eur. J. Biochem. 264 (2): 407–14. doi: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00614.x . PMID   10491085.
• Baijal-Gupta M, Clarke MW, Finkelman MA, et al. (2000). "Prostatic secretory protein (PSP94) expression in human female reproductive tissues, breast and in endometrial cancer cell lines". J. Endocrinol. 165 (2): 425–33. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1650425 . PMID   10810306.