MSMB

Last updated
MSMB
Protein MSMB PDB 2iz3.png
Available structures
PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases MSMB , HPC13, IGBF, MSP, MSPB, PN44, PRPS, PSP, PSP-94, PSP57, PSP94, microseminoprotein, beta-, microseminoprotein beta
External IDs OMIM: 157145 MGI: 97166 HomoloGene: 1832 GeneCards: MSMB
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4477

17695

Ensembl

ENSG00000263639

ENSMUSG00000021907

UniProt

P08118

O08540

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_138634
NM_002443

NM_020597

RefSeq (protein)

NP_002434
NP_619540

NP_065622

Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 46.03 – 46.05 Mb Chr 14: 31.86 – 31.88 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Beta-microseminoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSMB gene. [5] [6] For historical reasons, the scientific literature may also refer to this protein as Prostate secretory protein 94 (PSP94), microseminoprotein (MSP), microseminoprotein-beta (MSMB), beta-inhibitin, prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP), and inhibitin like material (ILM).

Contents

Distribution

MSMB is one of the three major proteins secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate [7] and has a concentration in seminal plasma of 0.5 to 1 mg/mL [8] Two comprehensive studies of beta-microseminoprotein in tissue have shown that it is secreted by epithelial cells in many other organs: liver, lung, breast, kidney, colon, stomach, pancreas, esophagus, duodenum, salivary glands, fallopian tube, corpus uteri, bulbourethral glands and cervix. [9] [10] This list corresponds closely to the sites from which all late onset cancers develop. [11]

Evolution and structure

MSMB is a rapidly evolving protein. [12] Solution structures of human and porcine MSMB show remarkable similarity despite having only 51% of amino acids in common. [13] The C-terminus domain of MSMB contains two two-stranded β-sheets; these have no resemblance to other structural motifs. [13] The rapid evolution of MSMB can be attributed to either sexual selection or innate pathogen defense; [14] the wide distribution of MSMB in the body and the fungicidal properties of the C-terminus suggest that innate pathogen defense plays a role in driving this evolution. [15]

Function

Beta-microseminoprotein is a member of the immunoglobulin binding factor family. This protein has been reported to have inhibin-like properties, [16] though this finding has been disputed. [17] [18] It may have a role as an autocrine and/or paracrine factor in uterine, breast, and other female reproductive tissues.[ citation needed ] Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms are described for this gene. Despite having only 4 out of 11 amino acids in common, both the porcine and human fungicidal peptide on MSMB's C-terminus are potently fungicidal in the absence of calcium ions. [15] The protein inhibits growth of cancer cells in an experimental model of prostate cancer, [19] [20] though this property is cell line–specific. [21]

Clinical significance

Two large genome-wide association studies showed that decreased expression of the MSMB protein caused by the rs10993994 single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer (odds ratio for CT allele pair ~1.2x, and for TT allele pair ~1.6x, when compared to the low risk CC allele pair). [22] A 2003 study proposed using a truncated form of the MSMB protein called PSP61 as a biomarker for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study found PSP61 in the expressed prostatic secretion of 10 out of 10 men suffering from BPH, while not finding it in 10 out of 10 age-matched BPH-free men. [23] This truncated form of the MSMB protein lacks the fungicidal peptide identified in 2012. The expression of MSMB is found to be decreased in prostate cancer, so it may be usable as a biomarker for prostate cancer. [24] Urinary MSMB has been found to be superior to urinary PSA at differentiating men with prostate cancer, at all Gleason grades. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prostatic acid phosphatase</span> Human protein

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), also prostatic specific acid phosphatase (PSAP), is an enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer or other diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bone sialoprotein</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a component of mineralized tissues such as bone, dentin, cementum and calcified cartilage. BSP is a significant component of the bone extracellular matrix and has been suggested to constitute approximately 8% of all non-collagenous proteins found in bone and cementum. BSP, a SIBLING protein, was originally isolated from bovine cortical bone as a 23-kDa glycopeptide with high sialic acid content.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chromogranin A</span> Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. As such, it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in the pancreas. In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the CHGA gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK1 gene. KLK1 is a member of the peptidase S1 family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KLK2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Kallikrein-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLK2 gene, and is particularly associated with prostatic tissue.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INHBA</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Inhibin, beta A, also known as INHBA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INHBA gene. INHBA is a subunit of both activin and inhibin, two closely related glycoproteins with opposing biological effects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INHA</span> Protein and coding gene in humans

Inhibin, alpha, also known as INHA, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INHA gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Semenogelin I</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Semenogelin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SEMG1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant protein in semen. The encoded secreted protein is involved in the formation of a gel matrix that encases ejaculated spermatozoa. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) protease processes this protein into smaller peptides, with each possibly having a separate function. The proteolysis process breaks down the gel matrix and allows the spermatozoa to move more freely. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AZGP1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AZGP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">REG1B</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Lithostathine-1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG1B gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">LTBP1 (gene)</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LTBP1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Annexin A7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Annexin A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA7 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CRISP3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the CRISP3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TSC22D1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

TSC22 domain family protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSC22D1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC38A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HAS3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Hyaluronan synthase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HAS3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INHBC</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Inhibin beta C chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INHBC gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">INHBB</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Inhibin, beta B, also known as INHBB, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INHBB gene. INHBB is a subunit of both activin and inhibin, two closely related glycoproteins with opposing biological effects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GPR182</span> Protein-coding gene in humans

GPR182 is a human gene which is an orphan G-protein coupled receptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc transporter ZIP9</span> Protein found in humans

Zinc transporter ZIP9, also known as Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9 (ZIP9) and solute carrier family 39 member 9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A9 gene. This protein is the 9th member out of 14 ZIP family proteins, which is a membrane androgen receptor (mAR) coupled to G proteins, and also classified as a zinc transporter protein. ZIP family proteins transport zinc metal from the extracellular environment into cells through cell membrane.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000263639 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021907 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Ulvsback M, Spurr NK, Lundwall A (Mar 1992). "Assignment of the human gene for beta-microseminoprotein (MSMB) to chromosome 10 and demonstration of related genes in other vertebrates". Genomics. 11 (4): 920–4. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90015-7. PMID   1783399.
  6. ↑ "Entrez Gene: MSMB microseminoprotein, beta-".
  7. ↑ Lilja H, Abrahamsson PA (1988). "Three predominant proteins secreted by the human prostate gland". Prostate. 12 (1): 29–38. doi:10.1002/pros.2990120105. PMID   3347596. S2CID   12843459.
  8. ↑ Valtonen-André C, Sävblom C, Fernlund P, Lilja H, Giwercman A, Lundwall A (2008). "Beta-microseminoprotein in serum correlates with the levels in seminal plasma of young, healthy males". J. Androl. 29 (3): 330–7. doi: 10.2164/jandrol.107.003616 . PMID   18222915.
  9. ↑ Weiber H, Andersson C, Murne A, Rannevik G, Lindström C, Lilja H, Fernlund P (September 1990). "Beta microseminoprotein is not a prostate-specific protein. Its identification in mucous glands and secretions". Am. J. Pathol. 137 (3): 593–603. PMC   1877516 . PMID   2205099.
  10. ↑ Ohkubo I, Tada T, Ochiai Y, Ueyama H, Eimoto T, Sasaki M (June 1995). "Human seminal plasma beta-microseminoprotein: its purification, characterization, and immunohistochemical localization". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 27 (6): 603–11. doi:10.1016/1357-2725(95)00021-G. PMID   7671139.
  11. ↑ Laurence M (2018). PSP94, what is it good for? Sixth edition.
  12. ↑ Nolet S, St-Louis D, Mbikay M, Chrétien M (April 1991). "Rapid evolution of prostatic protein PSP94 suggested by sequence divergence between rhesus monkey and human cDNAs". Genomics. 9 (4): 775–7. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90375-o. PMID   2037304.
  13. 1 2 Ghasriani H, Teilum K, Johnsson Y, Fernlund P, Drakenberg T (September 2006). "Solution structures of human and porcine beta-microseminoprotein". J. Mol. Biol. 362 (3): 502–15. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.07.029. PMID   16930619.
  14. ↑ Clark NL, Swanson WJ (September 2005). "Pervasive adaptive evolution in primate seminal proteins". PLOS Genet. 1 (3): e35. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0010035 . PMC   1201370 . PMID   16170411. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  15. 1 2 Edström Hägerwall AM, Rydengård V, Fernlund P, Mörgelin M, Baumgarten M, Cole AM, Malmsten M, Kragelund BB, Sørensen OE (2012). "β-Microseminoprotein endows post coital seminal plasma with potent candidacidal activity by a calcium- and pH-dependent mechanism". PLOS Pathog. 8 (4): e1002625. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002625 . PMC   3320615 . PMID   22496651. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  16. ↑ Sheth AR, Arabatti N, Carlquist M, Jörnvall H (January 1984). "Characterization of a polypeptide from human seminal plasma with inhibin (inhibition of FSH secretion)-like activity". FEBS Lett. 165 (1): 11–5. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(84)80004-6 . PMID   6692908. S2CID   40923254.
  17. ↑ Kohan S, Fröysa B, Cederlund E, Fairwell T, Lerner R, Johansson J, Khan S, Ritzen M, Jörnvall H, Cekan S (April 1986). "Peptides of postulated inhibin activity. Lack of in vitro inhibin activity of a 94-residue peptide isolated from human seminal plasma, and of a synthetic replicate of its C-terminal 28-residue segment". FEBS Lett. 199 (2): 242–8. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(86)80488-4. PMID   3084296. S2CID   33940801.
  18. ↑ Gordon WL, Liu WK, Akiyama K, Tsuda R, Hara M, Schmid K, Ward DN (May 1987). "Beta-microseminoprotein (beta-MSP) is not an inhibin". Biol. Reprod. 36 (4): 829–35. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod36.4.829 . PMID   3109514.
  19. ↑ Garde S, Sheth A, Porter AT, Pienta KJ (1993). "Effect of prostatic inhibin peptide (PIP) on prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo". Prostate. 22 (3): 225–33. doi:10.1002/pros.2990220305. PMID   8488155. S2CID   20872869.
  20. ↑ Shukeir N, Arakelian A, Kadhim S, Garde S, Rabbani SA (May 2003). "Prostate secretory protein PSP-94 decreases tumor growth and hypercalcemia of malignancy in a syngenic in vivo model of prostate cancer". Cancer Res. 63 (9): 2072–8. PMID   12727822.
  21. ↑ Pathak BR, Breed AA, Nakhawa VH, Jagtap DD, Mahale SD (September 2010). "Growth inhibition mediated by PSP94 or CRISP-3 is prostate cancer cell line specific". Asian J. Androl. 12 (5): 677–89. doi:10.1038/aja.2010.56. PMC   3739318 . PMID   20676114.
  22. ↑ Eeles RA, Kote-Jarai Z, Giles GG, Olama AA, Guy M, Jugurnauth SK, Mulholland S, Leongamornlert DA, Edwards SM, Morrison J, et al. (March 2008). "Multiple newly identified loci associated with prostate cancer susceptibility". Nat. Genet. 40 (3): 316–21. doi:10.1038/ng.90. PMID   18264097. S2CID   30968525.
  23. ↑ Xu K, Wang X, Ling MT, Lee DT, Fan T, Chan FL, Xuan JJ, Tsao SW, Wong YC (April 2003). "Identification of a specifically expressed modified form of novel PSP-94 protein in the secretion of benign prostatic hyperplasia". Electrophoresis. 24 (7–8): 1311–8. doi:10.1002/elps.200390167. PMID   12707925. S2CID   21348603.
  24. ↑ Whitaker HC, Warren AY, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, Neal DE (February 2010). "The potential value of microseminoprotein-beta as a prostate cancer biomarker and therapeutic target". Prostate. 70 (3): 333–40. doi:10.1002/pros.21059. PMID   19790236. S2CID   206397505.
  25. ↑ Whitaker HC, Kote-Jarai Z, Ross-Adams H, Warren AY, Burge J, George A, Bancroft E, Jhavar S, Leongamornlert D, Tymrakiewicz M, et al. (2010). "The rs10993994 risk allele for prostate cancer results in clinically relevant changes in microseminoprotein-beta expression in tissue and urine". PLOS ONE. 5 (10): e13363. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...513363W. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013363 . PMC   2954177 . PMID   20967219. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.