Maloji Bhosale

Shrimant Sardar Maloji Bhonsale
Born	Maloji Babaji Bhonsale c.1552
Died	c. 1605(1605-00-00) (aged 52–53) Indapur
Title	Sargiroh [1]
Children	Shahaji Sarfoji
Parent	Babaji Bhosale (father)
Relatives	Vithoji (brother) Jijabai (daughter-in-law) Shivaji (grandson)

Maloji Bhonsale (1552 - 1605) was a Maratha Sardar who served as the Sargiroh of Ahmadnagar Sultanate. ^[1] He was the father of Shahaji and the grandfather of Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom.

Early life

Maloji was born in 1552 to Babaji Jadhav (d. 1597), a Patil (chief) of the Hingani Berdi and Devalgaon villages around Pune. ^{[2] [3]} Maloji also had a younger brother, Vithoji.

Military career under the Jadhavs of Sindkhed

Maloji and his brother Vithoji migrated away from Pune, and initially served as cavalrymen under the Jadhavs of Sindkhed. ^[4] The Jadhavs provided military service to the Ahmednagar Sultanate. Maloji married Uma Bai (also known as Dipa Bai), the sister of Jagpalrao Nimbalkar, who was the Deshmukh of Phaltan

According to Shiva Digvijaya, ^{[5] [6]} a text regarded as a modern forgery by historians such as Jadunath Sarkar and Surendra Nath Sen, ^[7] Maloji's wife Umabai allegedly prayed at the tomb of Ahmadnagar's Sufi Pir Shah Sharif, to be blessed with a son. Afterwards when Maloji and Umabai settled in Devagiri, Umabai went on to give birth to two sons, first of whom was Shahaji and second one was Sharifji, born two years later. ^[8]

According to one account, during a Holi function, the Jadhav chief Lakhuji remarked, in a lighter vein, that his daughter Jijabai and Shahaji would make a fine couple. Maloji took Lakhuji's remark seriously, and announced publicly that his son was engaged to Lakhuji's daughter. This irked Lakhuji, who considered Maloji to be a lower-ranking Shiledar. ^[9] He dismissed Maloji from his services. Later, Nimbalkar's influence and the rising status of the Bhosale family helped Shahaji marry Jijabai.

Ahmednagar Sultanate service

According to Shedgaonkar Bakhar, presumably composed after 1854 and rejected by historians like Jadunath Sarkar, ^[10] Maloji and Vithoji once found a treasure while tilling a field and became rich. ^[11]

In 1577, like the Nimbalkars, the two brothers joined the service of the Ahmednagar Sultanate, under Murtaza Nizam Shah I. Maloji became a trusted aide of Malik Amber, who rose to the Prime Ministership of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. ^[12] Maloji's cousins, the Ghorpades of Mudhol, also became successful noblemen, serving the rival Sultanate of Bijapur. ^[13]

Maloji rose rapidly in the service of Malik Ambar, fighting against the rival Deccan Sultanates and the Mughals. He and his brother were granted the control of three parganas (administrative units): Elur (Verul), Derhadi and Kannarad (including Jategau and Vakadi), beside several small towns and villages. ^[9] In 1595 or 1599, Maloji was given the title of raja by Bahadur Nizam Shah, the ruler of the Ahmednagar Sultanate. ^[14] On the recommendation of Malik Ambar, he was given the jagir of Pune and Supe parganas, along with the control of the Shivneri and Chakan forts. Maloji carried out the restoration of the Grishneshwar temple near Verul, and also constructed a large tank at the Shambhu Mahadev temple in Shikhar Shingnapur. ^[15]

Death

Maloji died during a battle against the Bijapur Sultanate, at Indapur. One account puts his year of death as 1605, and mentions that his son Shahaji, five-years old at the time, was raised by his brother Vithoji. ^[9] Other accounts put the year of his death as 1620 ^[16] or 1622. ^[13] After his death, his jagir was transferred to his son Shahaji.

References

1. Shivaji The Great Vol. I by Dr. Balkrishna p.53
2. Salma Ahmed Farooqui (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Dorling Kindersley India. pp. 314–. ISBN   978-81-317-3202-1.
3. V. B. Kulkarni (1963). Shivaji: The Portrait of a Patriot. Orient Longman. p. 27.
4. Satish Chandra (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals. Har-Anand. p. 316. ISBN   978-81-241-1066-9 . Retrieved 8 October 2012.
5. G. H. Khare (1974). Studies in Indology and Medieval History. Joshi & Lokhande. p. 176.
6. James W. Laine (2000). "A Question of Maharashtrian Identity: Hindu Self-definition in the Tales of Shivaji". In Meera Kosambi (ed.). Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra. Orient Blackswan. p. 62. ISBN   9788125018780 . Retrieved 15 November 2022.
7. Jagadish Narayan Sarkar (1977). History of History Writing in Medieval India. Ratna Prakashan. p.  7.
8. Shivaji The Great Vol I, Dr. Bal Krishna, p.53
9. Chintaman Vinayak Vaidya (1931). Shivaji: the founder of Maratha Swaraj. C. V. Vaidya. pp.  10–15. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
10. Historical Biography in Indian Literature by SP Sen p.226
11. Charles Augustus Kincaid; Dattatraya Balavanta Pārasanisa (1968). A History of the Maratha People: From the earliest times to the death of Shivaji. S. Chand. p. 114. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
12. Farooqui Salma Ahmed; Salma Ahmed Farooqui (2011). A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India. p. 314. ISBN   978-81-317-3202-1 . Retrieved 8 October 2012.
13. Stewart Gordon (16 September 1993). The Marathas 1600-1818. Cambridge University Press. pp. 41–44. ISBN   978-0-521-26883-7 . Retrieved 8 October 2012.
14. Joseph G. Da Cunha (1900). Origin of Bombay. Bombay, Society's library; [etc., etc.]
15. Govind Sakharam Sardesai (1957). New History of the Marathas: Shivaji and his line (1600-1707). Phoenix Publications. p. 58. ISBN   9788121500654 . Retrieved 8 October 2012.
16. Richard M. Eaton (17 November 2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300-1761: Eight Indian Lives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 178–. ISBN   978-0-521-25484-7 . Retrieved 8 October 2012.