A citation index is a kind of bibliographic index, an index of citations between publications, allowing the user to easily establish which later documents cite which earlier documents. A form of citation index is first found in 12th-century Hebrew religious literature. Legal citation indexes are found in the 18th century and were made popular by citators such as Shepard's Citations (1873). In 1961, Eugene Garfield's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) introduced the first citation index for papers published in academic journals, first the Science Citation Index (SCI), and later the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI). American Chemical Society converted its printed Chemical Abstract Service into internet-accessible SciFinder in 2008. The first automated citation indexing was done by CiteSeer in 1997 and was patented. Other sources for such data include Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Elsevier's Scopus, and the National Institutes of Health's iCite.
Scopus is a scientific abstract and citation database, launched by the academic publisher Elsevier as a competitor to older Web of Science in 2004. An ensuing competition between the two databases has been characterized as "intense" and is considered to significantly benefit their users in terms of continuous improvent in coverage, search/analysis capabilities, but not in price. Free database The Lens completes the triad of main universal academic research databases.
Arabica is a peer-review academic journals of Arab studies founded in 1954 by Evariste Lévi-Provençal. The journal has been published by Brill Publishers since 1980. It is currently edited by Jean-Charles Coulon, and was in the past edited by Mohammed Arkoun.
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other scholarly literature, including court opinions and patents.
Studia Islamica is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering Islamic studies focusing on the history, religion, law, literature, and language of the Muslim world, primarily of the Southwest Asian and Mediterranean regions. The editor-in-chief is Houari Touati. Articles are published in English or French.
The International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal that was established in 2004 and is published by MDPI. The editor-in-chief is Paul B. Tchounwou. The journal covers all aspects of environmental health sciences and public health.
The American Journal of Translational Research is an open-access medical journal published by e-Century Publishing Corporation. The journal covers translational research of medical science and the relevant biomedical research areas. It was established in 2009. The editor-in-chief is Wen-Hwa Lee. The journal's main focus is original clinical and experimental research articles, but it also publishes review articles, editorials, hypotheses, letters to the editor, and meeting reports.
Peptides is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the biochemistry, neurochemistry, pharmacology, and biological functions of peptides. It was established in 1980 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Karl-Heinz Herzig.
The Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Wiley-VCH in collaboration with Hindawi. It covers the systematic study of animal sciences, connected with evolutionary research. The journal was established in 1963 as the Zeitschrift für zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung and published by Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft. It obtained its current title in 1994 when it was moved to Wiley-VCH.
Games and Culture is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of culture and media studies, specializing on the socio-cultural, political, and economic dimensions of gaming. The editor-in-chief is Tanya Krzywinska. It was established in 2006 and is published by SAGE Publishing.
Camera Obscura is a triannual peer-reviewed academic journal of feminism, culture, and media studies published by Duke University Press. It was established in 1976 by four graduate students at the University of California, Berkeley: Janet Bergstrom, Sandy Flitterman, Elisabeth Lyon, and Constance Penley. The editors-in-chief are Lalitha Gopalan, Lynne Joyrich, Homay King, Constance Penley, Tess Takahashi, Patricia White, Sharon Willis.
The Latin American Research Review is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on Latin America and the Caribbean. It was established in 1965 by the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) and is published by LASA's publishing arm, the Latin America Research Commons. The editor-in-chief is Carmen Martinez Novo. Articles are published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. The journal articles are published only electronically, in an Open Access format.
IEEE Access is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). It was established in 2013 and covers all IEEE fields of interest. The founding editor-in-chief was Michael Pecht and the current editor-in-chief is Derek Abbott. The journal won a PROSE Award in 2015 for the best new journal in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
The International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences is a quarterly scientific journal covering research in pharmaceutical and biological sciences. It was established in 2010 and the editor-in-chief is Guru Prasad Mohanta.
Energy Research & Social Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering social science research on energy systems and energy and society, including anthropology, economics, geography, psychology, political science, social policy, sociology, science and technology studies and legal studies. It was established in 2014 and is now among the most highly ranked journals on energy and social sciences. It is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Benjamin K. Sovacool.
Combustion Science and Technology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on combustion. The editor-in-chief is Richard A. Yetter. It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1964 as Pyrodynamics, obtaining its current name in 1969.
Communication Research Reports is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering communication studies. It was established in 1984 and is published by Routledge.
Combustion Theory and Modelling is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on combustion. The editors-in-chief are Moshe Matalon and Mitchell D. Smooke. It is published by Taylor & Francis and was established in 1997. The founding editors are John W. Dold and Mitchell D. Smooke.
The Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion (JMSR) is a peer-reviewed academic journal on management, spirituality and religion. It is published six times per year and contains scholarly articles regarding the spiritual and religious aspects of managing and organizing. The journal was established in 2004 and published by Routledge until January 2021. The editor-in-chief is Kathryn Pavlovich.
The Journal of African Archaeology is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal covering archaeological studies on Africa. It was established by Sonja Magnavita in 2003. From 2003 to 2016, the Centre for Interdisciplinary African Studies and the Department of African Archaeology and Archaeobotany of Goethe University Frankfurt published it in association with Africa Magna Verlag. Since 2017, the departments publish it in association with Brill Publishers.
