The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is the largest office within the Executive Office of the President of the United States (EOP). OMB's most prominent function is to produce the president's budget,but it also examines agency programs,policies,and procedures to see whether they comply with the president's policies and coordinates inter-agency policy initiatives.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency of the United States government tasked with environmental protection matters. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA on July 9,1970;it began operation on December 2,1970,after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate.
In United States politics,the "iron triangle" comprises the policy-making relationship among the congressional committees,the bureaucracy,and interest groups,as described in 1981 by Gordon Adams. Earlier mentions of this 'iron triangle' concept are in a 1956 Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report as,"Iron triangle:Clout,background,and outlook" and "Chinks in the Iron Triangle?"
The Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act of 1990 signed into law by President George H. W. Bush on November 15,1990,is a United States federal law intended to improve the government's financial management,outlining standards of financial performance and disclosure. Among other measures,the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was given greater authority over federal financial management. For each of 24 federal departments and agencies,the position of chief financial officer was created. In accordance with the CFO Act,each agency or department vests its financial management functions in its chief financial officer. The following is a list of the 24 affected agencies,which includes all 15 federal executive departments whose heads are included in the Cabinet of the United States,as well as other large agencies:
The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs is a division within the Office of Management and Budget under the Executive Office of the President. OIRA oversees the implementation of government-wide policies in,and reviews draft regulations under,Executive Order 12866,the Paperwork Reduction Act,and the Information Quality Act.
The Information Quality Act (IQA) or Data Quality Act (DQA),passed through the United States Congress in Section 515 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act,2001. Because the Act was a two-sentence rider in a spending bill,it had no name given in the actual legislation. The Government Accountability Office uses the name "Information Quality Act".
Congressional oversight is oversight by the United States Congress over the executive branch,including the numerous U.S. federal agencies. Congressional oversight includes the review,monitoring,and supervision of federal agencies,programs,activities,and policy implementation. Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. Oversight also occurs in a wide variety of congressional activities and contexts. These include authorization,appropriations,investigative,and legislative hearings by standing committees;which is specialized investigations by select committees;and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff.
The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 is a United States federal law enacted in 1980 designed to reduce the total amount of paperwork burden the federal government imposes on private businesses and citizens. The Act imposes procedural requirements on agencies that wish to collect information from the public. It also established the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) within the Office of Management and Budget (OMB),and authorized this new agency to oversee federal agencies' collection of information from the public and to establish information policies. A substantial amendment,the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995,confirmed that OIRA's authority extended over not only agency orders to provide information to the government,but also agency orders to provide information to the public.
Lisa Perez Jackson is an American chemical engineer who served as the administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from 2009 to 2013. She was the first African American to hold that position.
Roy Lawrence Ash was the co-founder and president of the American company Litton Industries and director of the Office of Management and Budget from February 2,1973 until February 3,1975,during the administrations of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford.
The Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 is a United States federal law,designed to improve the way the federal government acquires,uses and disposes information technology (IT). It was passed as Division E of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996. Together with the Federal Acquisition Reform Act of 1996,it is known as the Clinger–Cohen Act.
The Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 is an Act of Congress that requires the full disclosure to the public of all entities or organizations receiving federal funds beginning in fiscal year (FY) 2007. The website USAspending.gov opened in December 2007 as a result of the act,and is maintained by the Office of Management and Budget. The Congressional Budget Office estimates S. 2590 will cost $15 million over its authorized time period of 2007–2011.
Linda Morrison Combs was a former U.S. federal government official. She was the Controller of the Office of Management and Budget in the Executive Office of the President at the White House. She had five Presidential Appointments confirmed by the United States Senate and served under three Presidents:Presidents Ronald Reagan,George H. W. Bush,and George W. Bush.
Most federal regulatory agencies in the United States government must comply with specific peer review requirements before the agencies publicly disseminate certain scientific information. These requirements were published in a Peer Review Bulletin issued by the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB),which establishes "government-wide standards concerning when peer review is required and,if required,what type of peer review processes are appropriate."
Susan Elaine Dudley is an American academic who served as Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA),Office of Management and Budget in the administration of George W. Bush. As such,Dudley was the top regulatory official at the White House. She is a distinguished Professor of Practice at the George Washington University Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration.
Reorganization Plan No. 3 was a United States presidential directive establishing the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),effective December 2,1970. The order,published in the Federal Register on October 6,1970,consolidated components from different federal agencies to form the EPA,"a strong,independent agency" that would establish and enforce federal environmental protection laws.
Shelley Hope Metzenbaum is an American nonprofit executive,academic,and former government official specializing in public sector performance management. She was the founding president of the Volcker Alliance and worked in the Office of Management and Budget during the Obama administration. Metzenbaum is a fellow of the National Academy of Public Administration.
The San Francisco Estuary Partnership is one of the 28 National Estuary Programs created in the 1987 Amendments to the Clean Water Act. The Partnership is a non-regulatory federal-state-local collaboration working to restore water quality and manage the natural resources of the San Francisco Bay-Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta estuary. The Partnership works with over 100 municipalities,non-profits,governmental agencies,and businesses and helps develop,find funding for,and implement over 40 projects and programs aimed at improving the health of the estuary. The partnership either directly implements these projects,or administers and manages grants,holds educational workshops and highlights project results. The Partnership is also the official representative for the San Francisco Bay region to the Most Beautiful Bays in the World.
The Digital Accountability and Transparency Act of 2014 is a law that aims to make information on federal expenditures more easily accessible and transparent. The law requires the U.S. Department of the Treasury to establish common standards for financial data provided by all government agencies and to expand the amount of data that agencies must provide to the government website,USASpending. The goal of the law is to improve the ability of Americans to track and understand how the government is spending their tax dollars.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is an environmental assessment program operated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The IRIS program is focused on risk assessment,and not risk management.
