Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm (born 1957) is a Russian-born linguist and typologist who is Professor of General Linguistics at Stockholm University. [1] [2]
Originally from Moscow, Koptjevskaja-Tamm's interest in linguistics was stimulated when as a teenager she participated in the Moscow Linguistics Olympiad, winning a medal. [3] She graduated from Moscow State University in 1979 and moved to Sweden in 1980, where she received her PhD in linguistics from Stockholm University in 1988. [1] [3] After working as a researcher on a project on part-of-speech systems in the world's languages, she was appointed docent in linguistics at Stockholm University in 1993, and was promoted to full professor in 2001. [4]
Koptjevskaja-Tamm carries out research in the field of linguistic typology, focusing on syntax and semantics. Her 2002 monograph on the structure and use of nominalizations across the world's languages is widely cited. [1] [5] Empirically her work has often focused on the Circum-Baltic languages, which include Baltic, Balto-Finnic, Germanic and Slavic languages. [1] [6] In 2015 she published a volume on how languages encode and conceptualize temperature. [7] [8]
Koptjevskaja-Tamm was elected as member of the Academia Europaea in 2010. [2]
Since 2018 she has been editor-in-chief of the journal Linguistic Typology. [9]
The Curonian language, or Old Curonian, was a Baltic language spoken by the Curonians, a Baltic tribe who inhabited Courland.
The Karaim language, also known by its Hebrew name Lashon Kedar, is a Turkic language belonging to the Kipchak group, with Hebrew influences, similarly to Yiddish or Judaeo-Spanish. It is spoken by only a few dozen Crimean Karaites in Lithuania, Poland, Crimea, and Galicia in Ukraine. The three main dialects are those of Crimea, Trakai-Vilnius and Lutsk-Halych, all of which are critically endangered. The Lithuanian dialect of Karaim is spoken mainly in the town of Trakai by a small community living there since the 14th century.
Johanna Nichols is an American linguist and professor emerita in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley.
Baltic Romani is group of dialects of the Romani language spoken in the Baltic states and adjoining regions of Poland and Russia. Half of the speakers live in Poland. It also called Balt Romani, Balt Slavic Romani, Baltic Slavic Romani, and Roma. Romani began as an Indo-European language, which morphed into an Indo-Iranian language, and then into an Indo-Aryan language. After that the Romani language broke down into Balkan Romani and Central Romani. Baltic Romani came from the Central Romani dialect which branches off into other dialects. There are a total of around 31,500 users in all countries.
The West Baltic languages are a group of extinct Baltic languages that were spoken by West Baltic peoples. West Baltic is one of the two primary branches of Baltic languages, along with East Baltic. It includes Old Prussian, Sudovian, West Galindian, possibly Skalvian and Old Curonian.
The northeastern coastal dialect is a Finnic dialect traditionally considered part of the Estonian language. The Estonian coastal dialects were spoken on the coastal strip of Estonia from Tallinn to river Narva. It has very few speakers left nowadays.
Jespersen's Cycle is a series of processes in historical linguistics, which describe the historical development of the expression of negation in a variety of languages, from a simple pre-verbal marker of negation, through a discontinuous marker and in some cases through subsequent loss of the original pre-verbal marker. The pattern was formulated in Otto Jespersen's 1917 book Negation in English and Other Languages, and named after him in Swedish linguist Östen Dahl's 1979 article Typology of Sentence Negation.
Gauja Estonians were Estonians who lived along Gauja river in Latvia.
Östen Dahl is a Swedish linguist and professor best known for pioneering a marker-based approach to tense and aspect in linguistic typology. Dahl finished his PhD at the University of Gothenburg and subsequently worked there as a docent before becoming professor of general linguistics at the University of Stockholm in 1980.
The Estonian language has six locative cases, descended from the locative cases of Proto-Finnic. They can be classified according to a three-way contrast of entering, residing in, and exiting a state, with two sets of cases: inner and outer.
Debitive mood is a grammatical mood used in Latvian to express obligation or duty.
Colexification, together with its associated verb colexify, are terms used in semantics and lexical typology. They refer to the ability, for a language, to express different meanings with the same word.
The Leivu dialect is an extinct dialect of South Estonian that was spoken in North Latvia around the Gauja river by the Gauja Estonians. It became extinct in 1988 when the last speaker Anton Bok (1908–1988) died. However there are many recordings of the dialect. The Leivu dialect most closely resembles the Hargla sub-dialect of Võro but was influenced by the Latvian language and possibly even Livonian.
Brita Elisabeth Bergman is a Swedish emeritus professor specializing in the linguistics of signed languages. She initiated a line of research in signed language linguistics at the Department of Linguistics at Stockholm University that is still being carried out to this day.
Helle Metslang is an Estonian linguist.
Mira Ariel is a professor of linguistics at Tel Aviv University, specializing in pragmatics. A pioneer of the study of information structure, she is best known for creating and developing Accessibility Theory.
Johanna Laakso is a Finnish linguist and Finno-Ugrist based at the University of Vienna.
Isabelle Bril is a senior researcher at the French National Centre for Scientific Research and a member of LACITO specializing in morphosyntax, semantics, typology, and Austronesian languages.
Angela Ralli is a Greek linguist, morphologist and dialectologist.
Martine Vanhove is a French linguist, Research Director emerita at LLACAN (CNRS), specializing in Cushitic and Semitic languages spoken in Djibouti, Yemen and Malta.
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