Marianne Lederer (born 1934) is a French translation scholar. [1] [2] Lederer further developed the Interpretive Theory of Translation [3] together with Danica Seleskovitch, who first proposed the theory. [4] Lederer also published several works on translation and interpreting pedagogy. [5] Her works have greatly influenced interpreting and translation research and teaching internationally. [6]
Marianne Lederer was born in Paris in 1934. [1] Her father, Edgar Lederer was an internationally renowned bio-chemist of Austrian descent and her mother Hélène Fréchet was French. [1] She was the eldest of four sisters and three brothers. [1] Before the Second World War, the family lived in Vienna in Austria, and in Leningrad in the Soviet Union, where her father had a position at the Vitamin institute. [1] The family returned to Paris, but was forced to flee during the 1940 exodus and refugee crisis. [1] After studying literature at the Sorbonne and after several language stays in the United Kingdom and the United States, Lederer obtained her diploma as a French-English-German conference interpreter from the School of Translators and Interpreters, which was then located at the HEC Paris. [4] She is also a member of AIIC. [7]
As a fresh interpreter graduate in 1958, she got the opportunity to interpret for a three-month-long American mission to Tunisia with the OCEC (the predecessor to OECD), the other interpreter for the mission was Danica Seleskovitch. [4] According to the biography of Danica Seleskovitch, this mission marked the start of their collaboration both as interpreters and researchers as well as their life-long friendship. [3] During the development of the Interpretive Theory of Translation, Lederer was the sounding board and discussant of Seleskovitch. [4] When developing the theory, Lederer focused on simultaneous interpretation and Seleskovitch on consecutive interpretation. [4]
In 1978, Lederer obtained a doctorate from the University of Paris 4-Sorbonne on Simultaneous translation: Theoretical foundations (La traduction simultanée - Experience et Théorie). [8] She was appointed professor at the University of Paris XII-Val de Marne in 1979, where she founded the departement of foreign languages and headed that same department until 1985. [9] In 1985, she took up a position at the Ecole Supérieure d'Interprètes et de Traducteurs (ESIT) at the University of Paris 3, where she had been teaching since 1969. [10] [4] She was the head of ESIT from 1990 to 1999. [10] Until her retirement in September 2002, she directed the Centre for Research and Translatology at the Université Paris 3 - Sorbonne Nouvelle. [10] [2]
The launch of the Interpretive Theory of Translation, [11] in the 1970s promoted translation as a triangular process rather than a linear coding. [12] The theory has heavily influenced translation and interpretation pedagogy throughout the world. [13] Marianne Lederer's work on the Interpretive Theory has been widely used in teaching of interpreting, and her works have been translated into English, Chinese, Georgian, Arabic, Serbian, Korean, Hungarian, Dutch, Spanish and Persian. [14]
Together with Danica Seleskovitch, she was one of the first translators to break away from the structural linguistics, which still dominated in the 1970s. [4] [6] This was done by placing the translator at the centre of the process, and to turn to other disciplines, such as psychology and neuropsychology, to explain the cognitive process of interpreting and translation. [15] She is also one of the founders and promotors of the so called Paris-school of interpreting which promotes interpreting into a mother tongue or L1. [16]
Lederer is co-editor of Forum, an international journal of interpretation and translation, published by John Benjamins Publishing Company, member of the International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC), and the European Society of Translation Studies (EST). In 2002, she received The Danica Seleskovitch Prize [17] [18] for prominent work for interpreters and research into interpreting.
Lederer retired in 2002, [10] but has continued to publish and research as an active researcher [5] and is affiliated to the CLESTHIA research group [19] at the Sorbonne Nouvelle University. In November 2011, she was awarded the Joseph Zaarour medal at the Saint Joseph University of Beirut for her contributions to Translation and Interpreting Studies [20]
Interpreting is a translational activity in which one produces a first and final target-language output on the basis of a one-time exposure to an expression in a source language.
Translation studies is an academic interdiscipline dealing with the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization. As an interdiscipline, translation studies borrows much from the various fields of study that support translation. These include comparative literature, computer science, history, linguistics, philology, philosophy, semiotics, and terminology.
Virginie Despentes is a French writer, novelist, and filmmaker. She is known for her work exploring gender, sexuality, and people who live in poverty or other marginalised conditions.
The Sorbonne Nouvelle University is a public university in Paris, France. It is one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was completely overhauled and restructured in 1970.
Jean Herbert was one of the first generation of interpreters for the United Nations organization. He was a former chief interpreter of the United Nations interpretation service in New York City.
Mathieu Guidere is a full professor at the University of Paris and Research director at the French National Institute of Health (INSERM). A scholar of Linguistics and Translation studies, he has held other professorships at prestigious institutions including the University of Geneva, Switzerland. Guidere is also the founder of the Swiss Non-governmental organization (NGO) Multilingual International Mediators (MIM), and has been awarded a Fulbright Prize to advance his research on the psychology of terrorism. He has been also editor-in-chief of the French Journal of Languages' Professors, Les Langues Modernes. In 2015, he was also Team Leader of the European Union CVE Program in the Sub-Saharan Region. In 2017, he was also the UNOWAS Senior Expert in West Africa and the Sahel Region.
Annie Brisset, a member of the Royal Society of Canada, is a Professor of Translation Studies and Discourse Theory at the School of Translation and Interpretation of the University of Ottawa, Canada.
Heidrun Gerzymisch is a German Translation scholar and emeritus professor at Saarland University in Saarbrücken, where she held the Chair for "English Linguistics and Translation Science" from 1993 to 2009. She is in 2014 responsible for the international PhD prep school "MuTra" at Saarland University’s Graduate Center GradUS and lectures Translation at the Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW).
Danica Seleskovitch was a French conference interpreter, teacher and prolific academic writer on translation studies. Among other career milestones, she founded the Interpretive Theory of Translation.
Conférence Internationale Permanente d'Instituts Universitaires de Traducteurs et Interprètes, abbreviated as CIUTI, is an international academy associating translation and interpretation institutes affiliated to universities.
Teddy (Thadée) Pilley was a linguist and conference interpreter.
Miriam Shlesinger was a US-Israeli linguist and interpreter.
The Institute of Intercultural Management and Communication or ISIT, formerly Institut Supérieur d’Interprétation et de Traduction, is a French Grande École.
Brian Harris is a Canadian and British translation researcher.
The Interpretive Theory of Translation (ITT) is a concept from the field of Translation Studies. It was established in the 1970s by Danica Seleskovitch, a French translation scholar and former Head of the Paris School of Interpreters and Translators. A conference interpreter herself, Seleskovitch challenged the view prevailing at the time that translation was no more than a linguistic activity, one language being merely transcoded into another. She described translation as a triangular process: from one language to sense and from sense to the other language. She coined the name Interpretive Theory of Translation and, even before Translation Studies became a field in its own right, introduced the process of translation into the vast area of cognitive research. In order to verify the first observations made as a practitioner, Seleskovitch went on to write a doctoral thesis. Soon, a handful of conference interpreters interested in research joined her at ESIT.
The Language Bureau was a government agency that provided language services in the 11 official languages of the Northwest Territories for nearly 25 years.
Judith Dupont is a French psychoanalyst, translator, and editor.
Annie Rialland is a French linguist who is Director of Research emerita of the CNRS Laboratory of Phonetics and Phonology (Paris). Her main domains of expertise are phonetics, phonology, prosody, and African languages.
Simultaneous interpretation (SI) is when an interpreter translates the message from the source language to the target language in real-time. Unlike in consecutive interpreting, this way the natural flow of the speaker is not disturbed and allows for a fairly smooth output for the listeners.
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