Market share of personal computer vendors

Last updated

The annual worldwide market share of personal computer vendors includes desktop computers, laptop computers, and netbooks but excludes mobile devices, such as tablet computers that do not fall under the category of 2-in-1 PCs. The global market leader has been Chinese technology company Lenovo in almost every year since 2013. Previously, Compaq was the global market leader in the late 1990s until the year 2000, while HP and Dell shared market leadership in the 2000s.

Contents

Top vendors market share (2023)

Top 6 vendors by number of units shipped, 2023
RankManufacturerMarket share [1]
1 Lenovo 25.6%
2 HP 22%
3 Dell 15.8%
4 Apple 10%
5 Asus 7%
6 Acer 6.3%
Others8.4%

Historical vendors market share

2021

Global PC market share by units, percent (2021)
Rank2021 [2]
1 HP 24.7
2 Lenovo 21.8
3 Dell 17.6
4 Apple 7.6
5 Acer 7.2
Others21.1

2016–2020

Global PC market share by units, percent (2016–2020)
Rank2016 [3] 2017 [4] 2018 [5] 2019 [6] 2020 [7]
1 HP 20.7 HP 21.0 HP 22.5 HP 24.1 HP 24.6
2 Lenovo 19.4 Lenovo 20.8 Lenovo 21.7 Lenovo 22.1 Lenovo 22.1
3 Dell 14.6 Dell 15.2 Dell 16.2 Dell 16.8 Dell 16.4
4 Asus 7.6 Apple 7.4 Apple 6.9 Apple 7.0 Acer 7.3
5 Apple 6.9 Asus 6.8 Acer 6.1 Acer 5.6 Apple 7.1
Others30.728.826.624.422.5

2011–2015

Global PC market share by units, percent (2011–2015)
Rank2011 [8] 2012 [9] 2013 [10] 2014 [11] 2015 [12]
1 HP 16.6 HP 16.1 Lenovo 16.9 Lenovo 18.8 Lenovo 19.8
2 Lenovo 12.5 Lenovo 14.9 HP 16.2 HP 17.5 HP 18.2
3 Dell 11.7 Dell 10.7 Dell 11.6 Dell 12.8 Dell 13.6
4 Acer 10.8 Acer 10.2 Acer 8.0 Acer 7.9 Asus 7.3
5 Asus 5.7 Asus 6.9 Asus 6.6 Asus 7.2 Apple 7.2
Others42.841.240.735.733.9

2006–2010

Global PC market share by units, percent (2006–2010)
Rank2006 [13] 2007 [14] 2008 [15] 2009 [16] 2010 [17]
1 Dell 15.9 HP 18.1 HP 18.2 HP 19.1 HP 17.9
2 HP 15.9 Dell 14.2 Dell 14.1 Acer 12.9 Acer 13.9
3 Acer 7.6 Acer 9.7 Acer 10.6 Dell 12.1 Dell 12.0
4 Lenovo 7.0 Lenovo 7.4 Lenovo 7.5 Lenovo 8.0 Lenovo 10.9
5 Toshiba 3.8 Toshiba 4.0 Toshiba 4.6 Toshiba 5.0 Asus 5.4
Others49.846.544.942.840.0

2001–2005

Global PC market share by units, percent (2001–2005)
Rank2001 [18] 2002 [19] 2003 [20] 2004 [20] 2005 [21]
1 HP 18.4 HP 14.2 Dell 14.9 Dell 16.4 Dell 16.8
2 Dell 13.2 Dell 13.2 HP 14.6 HP 14.6 HP 14.6
3 IBM 6.4 IBM 5.2 IBM 5.3 Lenovo 6.8 Lenovo 6.9
4 NEC 3.8 Fujitsu 3.8 Fujitsu 3.7 Fujitsu 3.8 Acer 4.6
5 Toshiba 2.8 Toshiba 2.8 Acer 2.9 Acer 3.4 Toshiba 3.3
Others55.460.958.655.153.8

1996–2000

Global PC market share by units, percent (1996–2000)
Rank1996 [22] 1997 [23] 1998 [23] 1999 [24] 2000
1 Compaq 10.0 Compaq 13.1 Compaq 13.8 Compaq 13.2 Compaq 12.8
2 IBM 8.6 IBM 8.6 IBM 8.2 Dell 9.8 Dell 10.8
3 Packard Bell NEC 6.0 Dell 5.5 Dell 7.9 IBM 7.9 HP 7.6
4 Apple 5.9 HP 5.3 HP 5.8 HP 6.4 IBM 6.8
5 HP 4.3 Packard Bell NEC 5.1 Packard Bell NEC 4.3 Packard Bell NEC 5.2 NEC 4.3
Others65.262.260.157.557.7

Unit sales

Worldwide (1996–2022)

Unit sales of global PC market 1996-2009
Year1996 [22] 1997 [23] 1998 [23] 1999 [24] 20002001 [25] 2002 [18] 2003 [19] 2004 [20] 2005 [21] 2006 [13] 2007 [14] 2008 [15] 2009 [16]
Units (M)70.980.692.9113.5134.7*128.1132.4168.9189.0218.5239.4271.2302.2305.9
Growth (pct.)17.813.715.322.218.7*-4.93.427.611.915.69.613.311.41.2
Unit sales of global PC market 2010-2022
Year2010 [17] 2011 [8] 2012 [9] 2013 [10] 2014 [11] 2015 [12] 2016 [3] 2017 [4] 2018 [5] 2019 [6] 2020 [7] 2021 [2] 2022 [1]
Units (M)351352.8352.7316315.9287.7269.7262.5259.4262.6275339.8286.2
Growth (pct.)14.70.5-0.0-10.4-0.2-8.9-6.3-2.7-1.30.64.89.9-16.2

Sales volume worldwide grew rapidly in the late 1990s but declined briefly around the early 2000s recession. Sales increased again for the rest of the decade though more slowly during the late 2000s recession. After substantial growth in 2010, sales volume started declining in 2012 which continued for seven consecutive years until 2019. A consumer-lead spike in PC sales occurred in 2020 and 2021 as a result of stay-at-home orders related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

(*) Figures include desktop PCs, mobile PCs, and servers using the Intel x86 processor architecture. 1996–1999 figures exclude x86 PCs.

Worldwide (1975–1995)

Personal computer architectures by units sold (1975–1995) [26]
YearAnnual sales IBM PC compatible Apple II Macintosh Atari 400/800 Atari ST Commodore 64 Amiga PET Altair TRS-80 NeXT Other
19755,000000000005,000000
197646,000000000006,0000040,000
1977150,0000600000004,00010,000100,000050,000
1978258,00007,6000000030,0004,000150,0000100,000
1979580,000035,0000100,00000045,0000200,0000200,000
1980724,000078,0000200,00000090,0000290,0000424,000
19811,400,00035,000210,0000300,00000040,0000250,0000605,000
19822,800,000240,000279,0000600,0000200,000010,0000300,00001,181,000
19834,920,0001,300,000420,0000500,00002,000,000000200,0000500,000
19846,322,0002,000,0001,000,000372,000200,00002,500,00000050,0000200,000
19857,610,0003,700,000900,000200,000100,000100,0002,500,000100,0000010,00000
19869,000,0005,020,000700,000380,0000200,0002,500,000200,00000000
19879,200,0005,950,000500,000550,0000400,0001,500,000300,00000000
198815,000,00011,900,000200,000900,0000350,0001,250,000400,00000012,0000
198921,000,00017,550,000200,0001,100,0000300,0001,250,000600,00000012,0000
199020,000,00016,838,000100,0001,300,0000300,000700,000750,00000012,0000
199118,750,00014,399,000100,0002,100,0000300,000800,0001,035,00000016,0000
199220,800,00018,300,000100,0002,500,0000120,000300,000390,00000010,0000
199331,050,00027,750,00030,0003,300,000030,000175,000155,00000050
199441,000,00037,200,00003,800,00000050,00000000
199550,000,00045,880,00004,120,00000042,00000000
As of 1995260,615,000208,062,0004,860,20020,622,0002,000,0002,100,00015,675,0004,022,000219,00025,0001,550,00062,0003,300,000

Japan

YearAnnual sales (units sold) NEC Fujitsu Sharp MSX
8-bit [27] 16-bit [27] AnnualShareUnitsShareUnitsShareUnitsUnits
1983719,000166,000885,000 [27] 41% [28] 360,000 [28] [27] Un­knownUn­known13% [28] 120,000 [28] [27] 500,000 [29]
1984917,000279,0001,200,000 [30] 39% [28] 470,000 [28] [30] 11% [28] 130,000 [28] [30] 20% [31] 240,000 [31] [30]
1985789,000398,0001,200,000 [30] 36% [28] 430,000 [28] [30] Un­knownUn­known9% [28] 110,000 [28] [30] Un­known
1986685,000551,0001,236,000 [27] 41% [28] 510,000 [28] [27] 9% [28] 110,000 [28] [27] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1987426,000760,0001,206,000 [30] 45% [28] 540,000 [28] [30] 10% [28] 120,000 [28] [30] Un­knownUn­known340,000 [32]
1988253,000973,0001,375,000 [30] 51% [33] 700,000 [33] [30] 14% [33] 190,000 [33] [30] Un­knownUn­known150,000 [32]
1989Un­knownUn­known2,500,000 [34] 41% [28] 1,030,000 [28] [34] 13% [28] 330,000 [28] [34] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1990Un­knownUn­known2,300,000 [35] 50% [35] 1,100,000 [35] 12% [28] 270,000 [28] [35] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1991Un­knownUn­known3,300,000 [34] 52% [33] 1,720,000 [33] [34] 12% [28] 430,000 [28] [34] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1992Un­knownUn­known2,150,000 [36] 52% [33] 1,120,000 [33] [36] 12% [28] 260,000 [28] [36] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1993Un­knownUn­known2,300,000 [36] 49% [33] 1,200,000 [33] [36] 7% [33] 160,000 [33] [36] Un­knownUn­knownUn­known
1994Un­knownUn­knownUn­known43% [33] Un­known9% [33] Un­knownUn­knownUn­knownUn­known
1995Un­knownUn­knownUn­known40% [33] Un­known19% [28] Un­knownUn­knownUn­knownUn­known
1996Un­knownUn­knownUn­known33% [33] Un­known23% [28] Un­knownUn­knownUn­knownUn­known

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Compaq</span> American information technology company

Compaq Computer Corporation was an American information technology company founded in 1982 that developed, sold, and supported computers and related products and services. Compaq produced some of the first IBM PC compatible computers, being the second company after Columbia Data Products to legally reverse engineer the BIOS of the IBM Personal Computer. It rose to become the largest supplier of PC systems during the 1990s before being overtaken by Dell in 2001. Struggling to keep up in the price wars against Dell, as well as with a risky acquisition of DEC, Compaq was acquired for US$25 billion by HP in 2002. The Compaq brand remained in use by HP for lower-end systems until 2013 when it was discontinued. Since 2013, the brand is currently licensed to third parties for use on electronics in Brazil and India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IBM PC compatible</span> Computers similar to the IBM PC and its derivatives

IBM PC compatible computers are similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, all from computer giant IBM, that are able to use the same software and expansion cards. Such computers were referred to as PC clones, IBM clones or IBM PC clones. The term "IBM PC compatible" is now a historical description only, since IBM no longer sells personal computers after it sold its personal computer division in 2005 to Chinese technology company Lenovo. The designation "PC", as used in much of personal computer history, has not meant "personal computer" generally, but rather an x86 computer capable of running the same software that a contemporary IBM PC could. The term was initially in contrast to the variety of home computer systems available in the early 1980s, such as the Apple II, TRS-80, and Commodore 64. Later, the term was primarily used in contrast to Apple's Macintosh computers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desktop computer</span> Computer designed to be used at a fixed location

A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a stationary location on or near a desk due to its size and power requirements. The most common configuration has a case that houses the power supply, motherboard, disk storage ; a keyboard and mouse for input; and a monitor, speakers, and, often, a printer for output. The case may be oriented horizontally or vertically and placed either underneath, beside, or on top of a desk.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dell</span> American multinational technology company

Dell Inc. is an American technology company that develops, sells, repairs, and supports computers and related products and services. Dell is owned by its parent company, Dell Technologies.

Packard Bell Electronics, Inc., was an American computer company independently active from 1986 to 1996, now a Dutch-registered computer manufacturing brand and subsidiary of Acer Inc. The company was founded in 1986, after Israeli-American investors bought the trademark rights to the Packard Bell Corporation from Teledyne. The investors wanted to name their newly formed personal computer manufacturing company producing discount computers in the North American markets.

The semiconductor industry is the aggregate of companies engaged in the design and fabrication of semiconductors and semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits. It formed around 1960, once the fabrication of semiconductor devices became a viable business. The industry's annual semiconductor sales revenue has since grown to over $481 billion, as of 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenovo</span> Chinese-American multinational technology company

Lenovo Group Limited, trading as Lenovo, is a Chinese-American, multinational technology company specializing in designing, manufacturing, and marketing consumer electronics, personal computers, software, business solutions, and related services. Products manufactured by the company include desktop computers, laptops, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations, servers, supercomputers, data storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions. Its best-known brands include its ThinkPad business line of laptop computers, the IdeaPad, Yoga, LOQ, and Legion consumer lines of laptop computers, and the IdeaCentre, LOQ, Legion, and ThinkCentre lines of desktop computers. As of 2024, Lenovo is the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">AST Research</span> American computer manufacturer (1980–1999)

AST Research, Inc., later doing business as AST Computer, was a personal computer manufacturer. It was founded in 1980 in Irvine, California, by Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, and Thomas Yuen, as an initialism of their first names. In the 1980s, AST designed add-on expansion cards, and evolved toward the 1990s into a major personal computer manufacturer. AST was acquired by Samsung Electronics in 1997 but was de facto closed in 1999 due to a series of losses.

1987 saw many sequels and prequels in video games, such as Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, Dragon Quest II, Final Lap, and Zelda II, along with new titles such as After Burner, Contra, Double Dragon, Final Fantasy, Mega Man, Metal Gear, Operation Wolf, Phantasy Star, Shinobi, Street Fighter and The Last Ninja. The Legend of Zelda was also introduced outside of Japan.

Zenith Data Systems Corporation (ZDS), was an American computer systems manufacturing company active from 1979 to 1996. It was originally a division of the Zenith Radio Company, after they had purchased the Heath Company and, by extension, their Heathkit line of electronic kits and kit microcomputers, from Schlumberger in October 1979. ZDS originally operated from Heath's own headquarters in St. Joseph, Michigan. By the time Zenith acquired Heathkit, their H8 kit computer already had an installed fanbase of scientific engineers and computing enthusiasts. ZDS' first offerings were merely preassembled versions of existing Heathkit computers, but within a few years, the company began selling bespoke systems, including the Z-100, which was a hybrid Z80- and 8088-based computer capable of running both CP/M and MS-DOS.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tablet computer</span> Mobile computer with integrated display, circuitry and battery

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet or pad, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package. Tablets, being computers, have similar capabilities, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens 7 inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network. Unlike laptops, tablets usually run mobile operating systems, alongside smartphones.

The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computers that run a certain operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because gathering data on OS usage is difficult on a meaningful scale. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its collection.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of personal computers</span> History of the consumer personal computer

The history of the personal computer as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s. A personal computer is one intended for interactive individual use, as opposed to a mainframe computer where the end user's requests are filtered through operating staff, or a time-sharing system in which one large processor is shared by many individuals. After the development of the microprocessor, individual personal computers were low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods. Early personal computers – generally called microcomputers – were sold often in electronic kit form and in limited numbers, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Personal computer</span> Computer intended for use by an individual person

A personal computer, often referred to as a PC, is a computer designed for individual use. It is typically used for tasks such as word processing, internet browsing, email, multimedia playback, and gaming. Personal computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer expert or technician. Unlike large, costly minicomputers and mainframes, time-sharing by many people at the same time is not used with personal computers. The term home computer has also been used, primarily in the late 1970s and 1980s. The advent of personal computers and the concurrent Digital Revolution have significantly affected the lives of people in all countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Post-PC era</span> Market trend

The post-PC era was a market trend observed during the late 2000s and early 2010s involving a decline in the sales of personal computers (PCs) in favor of post-PC devices; which include mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers as well as other mobile computers such as wearable and ubiquitous ones. These devices emphasize portability and connectivity, including the use of cloud-based services, more focused "apps" to perform tasks, and the ability to synchronize information between multiple devices seamlessly.

A mobile workspace is a user's portable working environment that gives them access to the applications, files and services they need to do their job no matter where they are.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Advanced Logic Research</span> American computer company

Advanced Logic Research, Inc. (ALR), was an American computer company founded in 1984 in Irvine, California by Gene Lu. The company marketed IBM PC compatibles across that standard's evolution until 1997 when it was acquired by Gateway 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">TriGem</span> South Korean computer manufacturer

TriGem Computer Co., Ltd., was a South Korean personal computer manufacturer and technology company. Established in 1980, TriGem was the first Korean company dedicated to manufacturing computer systems. It delivered Korea's first microcomputer in 1981 and the first Korean IBM PC compatibles in 1984. From that point until its breakup in 2010, it alternated between the first- and second-largest computer manufacturer in South Korea, competing with Samsung Electronics.

References

  1. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Increased 0.3% in Fourth Quarter of 2023 but Declined 14.8% for the Year". Gartner. January 11, 2024. Retrieved Jan 11, 2024.
  2. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 5% in Fourth Quarter of 2021 but Grew Nearly 10% for the Year". Gartner. January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
  3. 1 2 "Gartner Says 2016 Marked Fifth Consecutive Year of Worldwide PC Shipment Decline". Gartner. January 11, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 2 Percent in 4Q17 and 2.8 Percent for the Year". Gartner. January 11, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  5. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 4.3 Percent in 4Q18 and 1.3 Percent for the Year". Gartner. January 10, 2019. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
  6. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Grew 2.3% in 4Q19 and 0.6% for the Year". Gartner. January 13, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  7. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Grew 10.7% in Fourth Quarter of 2020 and 4.8% for the Year". Gartner. January 11, 2021. Retrieved April 15, 2023.
  8. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments in Fourth Quarter of 2011 Declined 1.4 Percent; Year-End Shipments Increased 0.5 Percent". Gartner. January 11, 2012. Archived from the original on January 14, 2012. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  9. 1 2 "Gartner Says Declining Worldwide PC Shipments in Fourth Quarter of 2012 Signal Structural Shift of PC market". Gartner. January 14, 2013. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  10. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 6.9 Percent in Fourth Quarter of 2013". Gartner. January 9, 2014. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved February 3, 2014.
  11. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Grew 1 Percent in Fourth Quarter of 2014". Gartner. January 12, 2015. Archived from the original on January 16, 2015. Retrieved February 8, 2015.
  12. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 8.3 Percent in Fourth Quarter of 2015". Gartner. January 12, 2016. Archived from the original on January 15, 2016. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
  13. 1 2 "Gartner Says Hewlett-Packard Takes Clear Lead in Fourth Quarter Worldwide PC Shipments and Creates a Virtual Tie with Dell for 2006 Year-End Results". Gartner. January 17, 2007. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  14. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Market Grew 13 Percent in 2007". Gartner. January 16, 2008. Archived from the original on February 19, 2013. Retrieved February 24, 2018.
  15. 1 2 "Gartner Says In the Fourth Quarter of 2008 the PC Industry Suffered Its Worst Shipment Growth Rate Since 2002". Gartner. January 15, 2009. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  16. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments in Fourth Quarter of 2009 Posted Strongest Growth Rate in Seven Years". Gartner. January 13, 2010. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  17. 1 2 "Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments in Fourth Quarter of 2010 Grew 3.1 Percent; Year-End Shipments Increased 13.8 Percent". Gartner. January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on January 13, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
  18. 1 2 Gartner Dataquest Says PC market Experienced Slight Upturn in 2002, but Industry Still Shows No Signs of Strong Rebound. Gartner Press Release. January 17, 2003.
  19. 1 2 Gartner Says PC Vendors Experienced a Happy Holiday Season with Fourth Quarter Worldwide Shipments Increasing 12 Percent. Gartner Press Release. January 14, 2004.
  20. 1 2 3 "Gartner Says Strong Mobile Sales Lift Worldwide PC Shipments to 12 Percent Growth in 2004". Gartner. January 18, 2005. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  21. 1 2 "Gartner Says EMEA Region Became Largest PC Market in the World Based on Unit Shipments in 2005". Gartner. January 18, 2006. Archived from the original on January 22, 2014. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
  22. 1 2 Compaq and IBM Winners in 1996 Market Share. PCWorld. January 27, 1997
  23. 1 2 3 4 GartnerGroup's Dataquest Says U.S. and Europe Boost 1998 Worldwide PC Growth. Gartner Press Release. January 29, 1999.
  24. 1 2 GartnerGroup's Dataquest Says Worldwide PC market Topped 21 Percent Growth in 1999. Gartner Press Release. January 24, 2000.
  25. ↑ Gartner Dataquest Says 2001 is a Year Battered PC Vendors Would Rather Forget. Gartner Press Release. January 17, 2002
  26. ↑ Reimer, Jeremy (2005-12-15). "Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures". Ars Technica . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Juliussen, Egil; Juliussen, Karen (1990). The Computer Industry Almanac 1991. Pearson P T R. pp. 10–47, 10–48. ISBN   978-0-13-155748-2.
  28. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Methe, David; Mitchell, Will; Miyabe, Junichiro; Toyama, Ryoko (January 1998). "Overcoming a Standard Bearer: Challenges to NEC's Personal Computer in Japan". Research Papers in Economics (RePEc): 35 – via ResearchGate.
  29. ↑ Manes, Stephen; Andrews, Paul (1994-01-21). Gates: How Microsoft's Mogul Reinvented an Industry--and Made Himself the Richest Man in America. Touchstone. p. 303. ISBN   978-0-671-88074-3. Yet at the Consumer Electronics Show in January 1985, Nishi claimed half a million MSX machines had been sold in Japan and a hundred thousand in Europe
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Japan Electronics Almanac. Dempa Publications. 1990. p. 145. The domestic shipment value of personal computers in fiscal 1988 totaled ¥649 billion (up 23 percent over fiscal 1987); the domestic shipment volume was 1,375,000 (up 14 percent over 1987). The value of domestic shipments has recorded annual growth. Conversely, the volume of domestic shipments of personal computers stabilized at the 1,200,000-nit mark for four years beginning in fiscal 1984. However, this volume began to increase rapidly in fiscal 1988.
  31. 1 2 "ElectronicsWeek". ElectronicsWeek . Vol. 58, no. 13–23. McGraw-Hill. 1985. p. 41. The home computer market in Japan consumed 1.1 million machines last year and is growing modestly in 1985, but it remains essentially a game market. (...) The two largest producers of home computers in Japan—NEC Corp., which claims a 40% market share, and Sharp Corp., which claims 20%—do not use the MSX (Microsoft Extended Basic) system that Microsoft Corp. developed and has licensed to 18 other Japanese companies. Total MSX sales last year are estimated at 350,000 units. But NEC's best-selling 8801-MII is used mostly by university students and small businesses for bookkeeping or document filing; MSX users are overwhelmingly 15 years of age or younger—game fanatics.
  32. 1 2 Japan Electronics Almanac. Dempa Publications. 1990. p. 146. The volume of domestic shipments of the MSX remained at the 150,000 mark, for a marked decline of 56 percent from 1987.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Dedrick, Jason; Kraemer, Kenneth L. (1998-08-20). Asia's Computer Challenge: Threat or Opportunity for the United States and the World?. Oxford University Press. p. 83. ISBN   978-0-19-028398-8.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ozsomer, Aysegul (1993). "The Japanese Personal Computer Market". A Dynamic Analysis of Entry Rates in the Global Personal Computer Industry. Michigan State University (Department of Marketing and Logistics). p. 36. Traditionally, dominated by Japanese vendors, the market had reached 2.5 million units in 1989, and 3.3 million units in 1991 (Dataquest Inc.)
  35. 1 2 3 4 U.S. Industrial Outlook. Business and Defense Services Administration. 1993. p. 26-17.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Japan". U.S. Industrial Outlook. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industrial Economics. 1994. p. 26-19.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.