List of computer system manufacturers

A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and the means to use peripheral equipment needed and used for full or mostly full operation. Such systems may constitute personal computers (including desktop computers, portable computers, laptops, all-in-ones, and more), mainframe computers, minicomputers, servers, and workstations, among other classes of computing. The following is a list of notable manufacturers and sellers of computer systems, both present and past. There are currently 419 companies in this incomplete list.

Current

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Name	Parent company	Country of origin	Year of market entry	Note(s)/ ref(s).
Acer Inc.	—	Taiwan	1976
ACube Systems Srl	—	Italy	2007
Advanced Battlestations	Newegg	United States	2000
AG Neovo	—	Taiwan	1978
Aigo	—	China	1993
Alienware	Dell (since 2006)	United States	1996
AOpen	Acer Inc.	Taiwan	1996
Aorus	Gigabyte Technology	Taiwan	2016
Apple Inc.	—	United States	1976
ASRock	Pegatron (since 2010)	Taiwan	2002
Asus	—	Taiwan	1989
BenQ	Qisda Corporation	Taiwan	1984
Biostar	—	Taiwan	1986
Brother Industries	—	Japan
Chassis Plans	—	United States	1997
Chip PC Technologies	—	Israel	2000
Cisco Systems	—	United States	1984
ClearCube	—	United States	1997
Clevo	—	Taiwan	1983
Clover Network	Fiserv	United States	2010
Compal Electronics	—	Taiwan	1984
Cray	Hewlett Packard Enterprise (since 2019)	United States	1972
CyberPowerPC	—	United States	1998
Dell	—	United States	1984
DFI	—	Taiwan	1981
Digital Storm	—	United States	2002
Dynabook Inc.	Sharp Corporation (since 2020)	Japan	1954
Elitegroup Computer Systems	—	Taiwan	1987
Epson	—	Japan	1982	[a]
Eurocom Corporation	—	Canada	1989
EVGA Corporation	—	United States	1999
Falcon Northwest	—	United States	1992
First International Computer	—	Taiwan	1979
Founder Technology	—	China	1986
Foxconn	—	Taiwan	1974
Framework Computer	—	United States	2021
Fujitsu	—	Japan	1954
Fujitsu Technology Solutions	Fujitsu	Japan	1999
Gigabyte Technology	—	Taiwan	1986
Google	Alphabet Inc. (since 2016)	United States	2011	[1]
Gradiente	IGB Eletrônica	Brazil	1964
Groupe Bull	Atos	France	1952
Grundig	Arçelik	Germany
Hasee	—	China	1995
HCLTech	—	India	1975
Hewlett Packard Enterprise	—	United States	2015
Hisense	—	China	1994
Hitachi	—	Japan	1958	[b]
HP Inc.	—	United States	2015
Huawei	—	China	1987
Hyundai Technology	Hyundai Group	South Korea	1986
IBM	—	United States	1952
IGEL Technology	—	Germany	2001
Intel	—	United States	1968
Inventec	—	Taiwan	1975
Itautec	Itaúsa	Brazil	1979
Kontron	—	Germany	1959
Lanix	—	Mexico	1990
Lanner Electronics	—	Taiwan	1986
Lenovo	—	China	1984
LG Corporation	—	South Korea	1983
Lite-On	—	Taiwan	1975
Maingear	—	United States	2002
MCST	—	Russia	1992
Medion	Lenovo (since 2011)	Germany	1983
Mesh Computers	—	United Kingdom	1987
Micro Center	Micro Electronics, Inc.	United States	1979
Microsoft	—	United States	2012
Micro-Star International	—	Taiwan	1986
MiTAC	—	Taiwan	1982
Motorola Mobility	Lenovo (since 2014)	United States	2011
Mouse Computer	—	Japan	1998
NComputing	—	United States	2003
NCR Corporation	—	United States	1953
NEC	—	Japan	1954
Nvidia	—	United States	1993
NZXT	—	United States	2004
Olidata	Acer Inc. (since 2009)	Italy	1982
Oracle Corporation	—	United States	1977
Origin PC	Corsair Gaming (since 2019)	United States	2009
Panasonic	—	Japan	1958
Pine64	—	Hong Kong	2015
Positivo Tecnologia	Grupo Positivo	Brazil	1989
Puget Systems	—	United States	2000
Quanta Computer	—	Taiwan	1988
Razer Inc.	—	Singapore	1998
Research Machines	—	United Kingdom	1977
RCA	American Future Technology Corporation	United States
Samsung Electronics	—	South Korea	1982
Sapphire Technology	—	Hong Kong	2001
Shuttle Inc.	—	Taiwan	1983
Síragon	—	Venezuela	2004
Sony	—	Japan	1982
Sord Computer Corporation	—	Japan	1970
Stratus Technologies	—	United States	1980
Supermicro	—	United States	1993
System76	—	United States	2005
TabletKiosk	—	United States	2003
Tatung Company	—	Taiwan	1984
Tuxedo Computers	—	Germany	2004
Tyan	MiTAC (since 2007)	Taiwan	1989
Unisys	—	United States	1986
Vaio	—	Japan	1996	[c]
Valve Corporation	—	United States	2015
Velocity Micro	—	United States	1997
VIA Technologies	—	Taiwan	1987
Viglen	—	United Kingdom	1975
Vizio	—	United States	2002
Walton Group	—	Bangladesh	1977
Wistron	—	Taiwan	2001
Wortmann	—	Germany	1986
Xiaomi	—	China	2010
Zoostorm	VIP Group	United States	1993
ZOTAC	—	Hong Kong	2006
zSpace	—	United States	2007

Inactive

Name	Parent company	Country of origin	Year of market entry	Year of market exit	Fate	Note(s)/ ref(s).
3R Computers	Orange Nassau Electronics (1985–1992)	United States	1981	1992	Acquired by Digital Communications Associates
Acorn Computers	—	United Kingdom	1978	1998	Acquired by Morgan Stanley and reorganized as Element 14
Action Computer Enterprise	—	United States	1978	1990	Dissolution
Adage, Inc.	—	United States	1957	1994	Acquired by Systems & Computer Technology Corporation
Advanced Digital Corporation	—	United States	1980	1990	Bankruptcy
Advanced Logic Research	—	United States	1984	1997	Acquired by Gateway, Inc.
ACFA, Inc.	—	United States	1977	1980	Dissolution
Airis Computer	—	United States	1989	1993	Dissolution
Alaris, Inc.	—	United States	1991	1996	Left the computer business
Alliant Computer Systems	—	United States	1982	1992	Bankruptcy
Alpha Microsystems	—	United States	1977	2018	Dissolution
Altos Computer Systems	—	United States	1977	1990	Acquired by Acer Inc.
AM Jacquard Systems	—	United States	Un­known	Un­known	Un­known
Ambra Computer Corporation	IBM	United States	1992	1996	Dissolution
Amdahl Corporation	—	United States	1970	1997	Acquired by Fujitsu
Amdek	Wyse	United States	1987	1988	Left the computer business; continued to make monitors until the late 1990s	[3] [4] [5]
American Computer and Peripheral	—	United States	1985	1990	Bankruptcy
American Micro Technology	—	United States	1985	1988	Dissolution
Ampere, Inc.	—	Japan	1984	Un­known	Un­known
Amstrad	—	United Kingdom	1984	2007	Acquired by BSkyB
AnyBus Technologies	CMS Enhancements	United States	1992	1994	Dissolution
Apollo Computer	—	United States	1980	1989	Acquired by Hewlett-Packard
Apparat, Inc.	—	United States	1978	1988	Dissolution
Apricot Computers	—	United Kingdom	1965	1999	Dissolution
Ardent Computer	—	United States	1985	1989	Merged with Stellar Computer to form Stardent Inc.
AST Research	Samsung Electronics (1997–1999)	United States	1980	1999	Acquired by Samsung Electronics in 1997; division dissolved in 1999
Atari Corporation	JT Storage (1996–1998)	United States	1984	1996	Acquired by JT Storage; JT in turn sold to Hasbro in 1998
Athena Computer & Electronic Systems	—	United States	1982	1987	Dissolution
The Authorship Resource	—	United States	1977	Un­known	Dissolution
AT&T Computer Systems	AT&T Corporation	United States	1984	1989	Merged back into AT&T Corporation; previously reorganized as AT&T Information Systems
Averatec	TriGem	United States	2003	2012	Dissolution
Barrington International	—	United States	1980	1986	Dissolution
Be Inc.	—	United States	1990	2001	Acquired by Palm, Inc.
Bell & Howell	—	United States	1979	1982	Exited the computer business
Bendix Corporation	—	United States	1956	1963	Sold computer division to Control Data Corporation	[6]
BiiN	—	United States	1982	1990	Liquidation
Billings Computer	—	United States	1977	Un­known	Un­known
Blue Chip Electronics	—	United States	1981	1989	Acquired by Capewood Limited
Burroughs Corporation	—	United States	1953	1986	Merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys
CADO Systems	—	United States	1976	1983	Acquired by Contel Business Systems
Callan Data Systems	—	United States	1980	1985	Bankruptcy
Calma	General Electric (1980–1988)	United States	1965	1988	Broken up
Canon Computer Systems	Canon Inc.	United States	1992	1997	Exited the computer business; dissolved in 2001
Canon Inc.	—	Japan	1978	1992	Spun off computer division as Canon Computer Systems
Celerity Computing	—	United States	1983	1988	Acquired by Floating Point Systems
Chicony Electronics	—	Taiwan	1988	Un­known	Left the computer business; still active in peripheral business
Cobalt Networks	—	United States	1996	2000	Acquired by Sun Microsystems
Commodore International	—	United States	1976	1994	Bankruptcy
Compagnie Internationale pour l'Informatique	—	France	1966	1976	Merged into Groupe Bull
Comp-Sultants	—	United States	1969	1977	Dissolution
Compaq	—	United States	1982	2002	Acquired by Hewlett-Packard; defunct as a subsidiary since 2013
CompuAdd	—	United States	1982	1994	Bankruptcy
CompuPro	—	United States	1980	1985	Restructured as Viasyn
CompuSource	—	United States	1982	Un­known	Un­known
Computervision	—	United States	1969	1998	Merged into Prime Computer
Computer Automation	—	United States	1968	1992	Ceased operations in 1992
Computer Control Company	—	United States	1953	1966	Acquired by Honeywell
Computer Devices, Inc.	—	United States	1969	1998	Dissolution
Computer Research Corporation	—	United States	1950	1953	Acquired by NCR Corporation
Computer Transceiver Systems, Inc.	—	United States	1968	1998	Acquired by Vertex Industries in 1987 following bankruptcy; spun off and acquired by Mortgage Plus Equity and Loan Corporation in 1998
Concurrent Computer Corporation	—	United States	1985	2017	Broken up
Control Data Corporation	—	United States	1957	1992	Broken up from 1988 to 1992; remainder is now Ceridian
Convergent Technologies	—	United States	1979	1988	Acquired by Unisys
Convex Computer	—	United States	1982	1995	Purchased by Hewlett-Packard
Corona Data Systems	Daewoo (1987–1993)	United States	1982	1993	Acquired by Daewoo in 1987; brand phased out in 1993
Corvus Systems	—	United States	1979	1987	Bankruptcy
CPT Corporation	—	United States	1971	Un­known	Dissolution
Cray Computer Corporation	—	United States	1989	1995	Bankruptcy
Cromemco	—	United States	1974	1987	Acquired by Dynatech
Cydrome	—	United States	1984	1988	Dissolution
Cumulus Computer Corporation	—	United States	1990	1992	Bankruptcy
Daisy Systems	—	United States	1981	1990	Acquired by Intergraph
Data General	—	United States	1968	1999	Acquired by EMC in 1999
Dataindustrier AB	—	Sweden	1970	1990	Acquired by Groupe Bull
Datapoint	—	United States	1968	2000	Bankruptcy
Dauphin Technology	—	United States	1988	2006	Reverse merged with GeoVax
Datavue	Intelligent Systems	United States	1983	Un­known	Un­known
Dayna Communications	—	United States	1984	1997	Acquired by Intel
Decision Data	—	United States	1969	1988	Acquired by Onset Corporation
Deltagold	Delta Computer	United States	1986	1990	Bankruptcy
DeskStation Technology	—	United States	1989	2000	Acquired by Samsung Electronics in 1998; division dissolved in 2000	[7]
Digital Equipment Corporation	—	United States	1957	1998	Acquired by Compaq
The Digital Group	—	United States	1975	1979	Bankruptcy
DTK Computer	Datatech Enterprises	Taiwan	1981	2009	Dissolution; Dubai subsidiary is active as of November 2022 [update]
Durango Systems Corporation	—	United States	1977	1984	Merged with Molecular Systems in 1982; Molecular went bankrupt in 1984
Dynalogic	—	Canada	1982	1983	Acquired by Bytec
Eagle Computer	—	United States	1978	1986	Dissolution
ECD Corporation	—	United States	1974	1983	Dissolution
Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation	—	United States	1946	1950	Acquired by Remington Rand
EduQuest	IBM	United States	1992	1995	Discontinued computer lineup after reorganizing as IBM K–12 Education
Eldorado Electrodata	—	United States	1968	1976	Dissolution
ElectroData Corporation	—	United States	1954	1956	Acquired by Burroughs Corporation
Electronic Associates	—	United States	1945	Un­known	Un­known
Elektronorgtechnica	—	Soviet Union	1971	2005	Acquired by The Tetris Company in 2005
Elonex	—	United Kingdom	1986	Un­known	Exited the computer business; currently sells tablets
Elxsi	—	United States	1979	1989	Acquired by Tata Group
eMachines	Gateway, Inc. (2004–2007) Acer Inc. (2007–2013)	United States	1998	2013	Acquired by Gateway, Inc., in 2004, in turn acquired by Acer Inc.; brand discontinued by Acer in 2013
Encore Computer	—	United States	1983	1998	Acquired by Gores Technology Group and renamed to Encore Real Time Computing
Engineering Research Associates	—	United States	1946	1952	Acquired by Remington Rand
English Electric LEO Company	English Electric	United Kingdom	1963	1967	Acquired by International Computers Limited
Escom AG	—	Germany	1986	1996	Bankruptcy
ETA Systems	Control Data Corporation	United States	1983	1989	Dissolution
Evans & Sutherland	—	United States	1986	1989	Exited the computer business
Everex	Formosa Plastics Group (1993–2009)	United States (1983–1993) Taiwan (1993–2009)	1983	2009	Dissolution
Evesham Technology	—	United Kingdom	1983	2008	Liquidation; assets purchased by Time Group
Floating Point Systems	—	United States	1970	1991	Acquired by Cray
Foonly	—	United States	1976	1989	Dissolution
Fortune Systems	—	United States	1980	1987	Exited the computer business
Franklin Computer Corporation	—	United States	1981	1986	Exited the computer business; reorganized into Franklin Electronic Publishers
Friden, Inc.	—	United States	1957	1965	Acquired by Singer Corporation
Gateway, Inc.	—	United States	1985	2007	Acquired by Acer; brand revived in the United States in 2020
General Automation	—	United States	1968	Un­known	Un­known
General Computer Corporation	—	United States	1981	2015	Dissolution
General Electric	—	United States	1954	1970	Sold computer division to Honeywell
Genisco Technology	—	United States	1983	1997	Bankruptcy
Gericom	—	Austria	1990	2008	Acquired by Quanmax AG and merged with Systemhaus mit Eigentechnologie (S&T)
Gimix	—	United States	1975	Un­known	Un­known
Gnat Computers	—	United States	1976	1983	Acquired by Data Technology Industries
GO Corporation	—	United States	1987	1994	Dissolution
Gould Electronics	—	Germany	1981	1988	Sold computer division to Nippon Mining; division in turn sold to Encore Computer in 1988
HAL Computer Systems	Fujitsu (1993–2001)	United States	1990	2001	Dissolution
Handspring, Inc.	—	United States	1998	2003	Acquired by Palm, Inc.
Harris Corporation	—	United States	1967	1994	Spun off computer division as Harris Computer Systems in 1994, itself acquired by Concurrent Computer Corporation in 1996
Hazeltine Corporation	—	United States	1970	1986	Acquired by Emerson Electric
Hewlett-Packard	—	United States	1966	2015	Broken up into Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc.
Honeywell	—	United States	1957	1991	Sold computer division to Groupe Bull
HTC	—	Taiwan	1997	2017	Sold computer division to Alphabet Inc.
IMLAC	—	United States	1968	1979	Acquired by Hazeltine Corporation
IMS Associates, Inc.	—	United States	1973	1979	Bankruptcy
Inacom	—	United States	1991	2000	Bankruptcy
Informer Computer Terminals	—	United States	1971	2007	Dissolution
Ithaca InterSystems	—	United States	1976	1986	Dissolution
Intelligence Technology Corporation	—	United States	1986	2000	Dissolution
International Computers and Tabulators	—	United Kingdom	1959	1968	Acquired by International Computers Limited
International Computers Limited	—	United Kingdom	1968	2002	Acquired by Fujitsu
Intertec Data Systems	—	United States	1973	1991	Bankruptcy	[d]
Iskra Delta	—	Slovenia	1974	2021	Bankruptcy
Jetta International	—	United States	1991	Un­known	Dissolution
Jonos	Phoenix Group (1989–1992)	United States	1982	1992	Bankruptcy
Jupiter Cantab	—	United Kingdom	1982	1983	Bankruptcy
Kaypro	Non-Linear Systems	United States	1981	1992	Bankruptcy
Kenbak Corporation	—	United States	1970	1973	Acquired by CTI Education Products
Kendall Square Research	—	United States	1986	1994	Bankruptcy
Kohjinsha	—	Japan	2004	Un­known	Dissolution
Korea Data Systems	—	South Korea	1998	2003	Left the computer business
LanSlide Gaming PCs	—	United States	2005	2011	Dissolution
Lap Power	—	Sweden	1991	2000	Bankruptcy
Leading Edge Products	Daewoo (1989–1995) Manuhold Investment AG (1995–1997)	United States	1980	1997	Acquired by Daewoo; division in turn sold to Manuhold Investment AG; brand phased out in 1997
Leading Technology	—	United States	1985	1992	Acquired by VTech
Léanord	—	France	1960	1989	Merged with Intertechnique
Librascope	Singer Corporation (until 1992)	United States	1956	1992	Acquired by Loral Space & Communications
Librex Computer Systems	Nippon Steel Corporation	United States	1990	1993	Dissolution
Lisp Machines	—	United States	1979	1987	Bankruptcy
LogAbax	—	France	1942	1988	Bought by Olivetti
Logical Machine Corporation	—	United States	1974	Un­known	Dissolution	[e]
Luxor AB	—	Sweden	1978	1986	Sold computer division to Nokia in 1985; brand phased out in 1986
Mad Computers	—	United States	1982	Un­known	Un­known
Magnavox	Philips	United States	1972	1991	Magnavox-branded computers discontinued in 1992
Magnuson Computer Systems	—	United States	1977	1983	Bankruptcy
Martin Research	—	United States	1974	1986	Acquired by Zebra Technologies	[f]
MASSCOMP	—	United States	1981	1988	Acquired by Concurrent Computer Corporation
MasPar	—	United States	1987	1999	Acquired by Accrue Software
Maxdata	—	Germany	1987	2008	Dissolution; warranty claims taken over by Swiss Belinea AG, itself acquired by Bluechip Computer
Meebox	—	Mexico	2009	Un­known	Dissolution
Metaphor Computer Systems	—	United States	1982	1994	Acquired by IBM
Micro Craft	—	United States	1981	1987	Dissolution; restructured as Dimension Electronics in 1987
Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems	—	United States	1969	1977	Acquired by Pertec Computer
Microdata Corporation	—	United States	1969	1983	Acquired by McDonnell Douglas
Micron Technology	—	United States	1991	2001	Spun off computer division as MPC Corporation
Micromation	—	United States	1978	1983	Un­known
Micronics Computers	—	United States	1986	1998	Acquired by Diamond Multimedia
MicroOffice	—	United States	1981	1985	Acquired by Telxon Corporation in 1985
Micros Systems	—	United States	1978	2014	Acquired by Oracle Corporation
Midwest Scientific Instruments	—	United States	1972	1985	Dissolution
Mitsubishi Electric	Mitsubishi Group	Japan	1960	1990	Exited the computer business
Modcomp	—	United States	1970	Un­known	Exited the computer business; survives today as CSPi Technology Solutions, a systems integrator
Mohawk Data Sciences Corporation	—	United States	1964	1988	Acquired by Decision Data; previously restructured as Qantel Corporation
Monorail Inc.	—	United States	1995	2005	Dissolution
Motion Computing	—	United States	2001	2015	Acquired by Xplore Technologies
MPC Corporation	—	United States	2001	2008	Bankruptcy
Motorola	—	United States	1974	2011	Dissolution
Multiflow	—	United States	1984	1990	Dissolution
Mycron	—	Norway	1975	1999	Exited the computer industry
NBI Incorporated	—	United States	Un­known	1991	Bankruptcy
nCUBE	—	United States	1983	2005	Acquired by C-COR
Neoware	—	United States	1992	2007	Acquired by Hewlett-Packard
Network Computing Devices	—	United States	1987	2004	Dissolution
NeXT	—	United States	1985	1997	Acquired by Apple Computer
Nixdorf Computer	—	West Germany	1952	1990	Acquired by Siemens; renamed Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG
Norsk Data	—	Norway	1967	1992	Acquired by Telenor
Northgate Computer Systems	—	United States	1987	1997	Acquired by Lan Plus, after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1994
Northwest Microcomputer Systems	—	United States	1977	1982	Dissolution
North Star Computers	—	United States	1976	1989	Dissolution
Noval, Inc.	Gremlin Industries (1977–1978) Sega (1978–1979)	United States	1977	1979	Dissolution
Ohio Scientific	—	United States	1975	1980	Acquired by M/A-COM
Olivetti	—	Italy	1955	1997	Exited the computer business
Omnidata	—	United States	1978	1988	Dissolution
Onyx Systems	—	United States	1979	1985	Acquired by Corvus Systems
Osborne Computer Corporation	—	United States	1980	1985	Dissolution; assets and name sold to Mikrolog Ltd, of Finland
Otrona	—	United States	1981	1984	Bankruptcy
Outbound Systems	—	United States	1989	1993	Bankruptcy
Pacific Cyber/Metrix	—	United States	1975	2001	Dissolution
Packard Bell	—	United States	1986	2008	Majority stake purchased by NEC in 1995; stake relinquished in 2006; eventually acquired by Acer Inc. in 2008
Packard Bell Computer Corporation	Packard Bell Corporation	United States	1957	1964	Acquired by Raytheon Company
Panda Project	—	United States	1992	1998	Exited the computer business
Pandigital, Inc.	—	United States	1998	2012	Bankruptcy
Parallan Computer	—	United States	1986	1994	Exited the computer business
Parasitic Engineering	—	United States	1976	1983	Dissolution
Pencept	—	United States	1980	Un­known	Un­known
Pertec Computer	—	United States	1967	1987	Acquired by Triumph-Adler
Philco	—	United States	1954	1961	Exited the computer business before being acquired by Ford Motor Company
Philips	—	Netherlands	1953	1991	Sold computer division to Digital Equipment Corporation	[8]
PolyMorphic Systems	—	United States	1976	Un­known	Un­known
Poqet Computer Corporation	—	United States	1989	1992	Acquired by Fujitsu	[9]
Power Computing Corporation	—	United States	1993	1998	Acquired by Apple Computer
Prime Computer	—	United States	1972	1998	Acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation
Processor Technology	—	United States	1975	1979	Dissolution
Pronto Computers	—	United States	1983	1987	Bankruptcy
Psystar Corporation	—	United States	2008	2009	Exited the computer business following permanent injunction to stop selling computers with Apple's Mac OS X
Pyramid Technology	—	United States	1981	1995	Acquired by Siemens
Quantex Microsystems	—	United States	1984	2000	Bankruptcy
Quasar Data Products	—	United States	1978	1986	Dissolution
Réalisation d'Études Électroniques	—	France	1970	1980	Taken over by Groupe Bull
Radio Shack	Tandy Corporation	United States	1977	1983	Branding subsumed by the Tandy name in 1983	[10]
Raytheon Company	—	United States	1949	1984	Spun off as Raytheon Data Systems in 1971, itself acquired by Telex Corporation in 1984	[11] [12]
RCA	—	United States	1956	1971	Exited the computer business in 1971; division sold to Sperry Rand in 1972
Reeves Instrument Corporation	—	United States	1944	1995	Un­known
Remington Rand	—	United States	1950	1955	Acquired by Sperry Corporation to form Sperry Rand
Regnecentralen	—	Denmark	1955	1989	Acquired by International Computers Limited
Reply Corporation	—	United States	1988	1997	Acquired by Radius Inc.
Ridge Computers	—	United States	1982	1990	Dissolution
ROLM	IBM (1984–1998)	United States	1969	1998	Acquired by Siemens
Seattle Computer Products	—	United States	1978	Un­known	Dissolution
Sanyo	—	Japan	1982	2009	Acquired by Panasonic
Scientific Data Systems	—	United States	1961	1969	Acquired by Xerox
Sequent Computer Systems	—	United States	1983	1999	Acquired by IBM
Siemens	—	Germany	1955	2009	Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG merged with Fujitsu into Fujitsu Siemens Computers in 1999; remaining stake sold to Fujitsu in 2009	[13]
Silicon Graphics International	—	United States	1982	2016	Formerly Rackable Systems, Inc., it acquired Silicon Graphics, Inc. in 2009; acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise in 2016
Silicon Graphics, Inc.	—	United States	1981	2009	Acquired by Rackable Systems, Inc., to become Silicon Graphics International
SIMIV	—	France	1982	1989	Exited the computer business
Sinclair Research	—	United Kingdom	1978	1986	Acquired by Amstrad
Sirius Systems Technology	—	United States	1980	1984	Acquired by Datatronic AB
Smoke Signal Broadcasting	—	United States	1977	1991	Dissolution
SMT Goupil	—	France	1979	1991	Bankruptcy
Société d'Electronique et d'Automatisme	—	France	1947	1966	Merged within CII
Société européenne de mini-informatique et systèmes	—	France	1976	1982	Merged into Groupe Bull
Solbourne Computer	—	United States	1986	2008	Acquired by Deloitte Consulting
Soyo Group	—	United States	1985	2009	Bankruptcy
Spectravideo	—	United States	1981	1988	Acquired by SpectraVideo plc, unrelated holding company from the United Kingdom
Sperry Corporation	—	United States	1953	1986	Merged with Burroughs to form Unisys; company was formerly Sperry Rand until it dropped Rand from its name in 1978 and continued as Sperry
Sperry Rand	—	United States	1955	1978	Reverted to Sperry Corporation name in 1978
Stardent Inc.	—	United States	1989	1994	Restructured as Kubota Graphics in 1994; dissolved the same year
Sun Microsystems	—	United States	1982	2010	Acquired by Oracle Corporation
Southwest Technical Products Corporation	—	United States	1975	1990	Dissolution
STM Systems	—	United States	1976	Un­known	Un­known
Symbiotic Systems	—	United States	1977	1983	Dissolution
Symbolics	—	United States	1980	1996	Bankruptcy
Systemax	—	United States	1981	2021	Exited the computer business
Systems Engineering Laboratories	—	United States	1959	1981	Acquired by Gould Electronics
Systime Computers	—	United States	1973	1989	Acquired by Control Data Corporation; broken up in 1989
T-Platforms	—	Russia	2002	2023	Bankruptcy
Tadpole Computer	—	United States	1994	2005	Acquired by General Dynamics
Tandem Computers	—	United States	1976 [14]	1998	Acquired by Compaq; then Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Tandon Corporation	—	United States	1975	1993	Dissolution
Tandy Corporation	—	United States	1977	1993	Sold computer division to AST Research; former parent company of Radio Shack
Tangerine Computer Systems	—	United Kingdom	1979	1987	Bankruptcy
Télémécanique	—	France	1968	1976	Computer division merged with CII's minicomputer division to become Société européenne de mini-informatique et systèmes (SEMS)
Tava Corporation	—	United States	1983	1984	Acquired by Replitech
Terak Corporation	—	United States	1975	1985	Acquired by Sanders Associates
TeleVideo	—	United States	1975	2011	Dissolution
Teleram	—	United States	1973	1985	Bankruptcy
Texas Instruments	—	United States	1979	1997	Sold computer division to Acer Inc.	[15]
Thinking Machines Corporation	—	United States	1983	1994	Bankruptcy; hardware and software divisions acquired by Sun Microsystems
Three Rivers Computer Corporation	—	United States	1974	1985	Bankruptcy
Tiki Data	—	Norway	1983	1996	Acquired by Merkantildata
Timex Sinclair	—	United States	1982	1984	Dissolution	[g]
Tiny Computers	—	United Kingdom	1996	2002	Acquired by Time Group; brand phased out in 2005
Toshiba	—	Japan	1954	2016	Discontinued computer lineup in 2016; computer business restructured as Dynabook Inc. in 2018, with majority of its shares sold to Sharp Corporation the same year; remaining shares sold to Sharp in 2020
TriGem	—	South Korea	1980	2010	Bankruptcy
Trilogy Systems	—	United States	1980	1985	Acquired by Elxsi
TRW Inc.	—	United States	1959	2002	Acquired by Northrop Grumman
Tulip Computers	—	Netherlands	1979	2009	Bankruptcy; previously restructured as Nedfield NV in 2008
Umtech	—	United States	1976	1979	Acquired by Cha Group
V3 Gaming PC	—	United States	2010	2016	Dissolution
Varian Data Machines	—	United States	1967	1977	Acquired by Sperry Rand
Vector Graphic	—	United States	1976	1987	Dissolution
Vestel	—	United States	1984	Un­known	Exited the computer business
Viasyn	—	United States	1985	1991	Dissolution
Viatron	—	United States	1967	1971	Bankruptcy
ViewSonic	—	United States	2001	2012	Left the computer business; still active in monitor business	[16] [17]
Vigor Gaming	—	United States	2004	2010	Bankruptcy
VoodooPC	—	United States	1991	2009	Acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2006; brand retired in 2009
VTech	—	Hong Kong	1976	1997	Spun off computer division as PC Partner
Walton Group	—	Bangladesh	1977	Un­known	Exited the computer business
Wang Laboratories	—	United States	1951	1999	Acquired by Getronics
Wicat Systems	—	United States	1980	1992	Acquired by Jostens
Wipro	—	India	1977	Un­known	Exited the computer business
Wyse	—	United States	1981	2012	Acquired by Dell
Xerox	—	United States	1969	2014	Exited the computer business
Xybernaut	—	United States	1990	2005	Bankruptcy
Zenith Data Systems	Zenith Electronics (1979–1991) Groupe Bull (1991–1996)	United States	1979	1996	Acquired by Groupe Bull in 1991; sold to NEC in 1996, who merged it into Packard Bell	[18]
Zeos	—	United States	1987	1995	Acquired by Micron Technology
Zeda Computers	—	United States	1974	Un­known	Un­known
Zonbu	—	United States	2006	Un­known	Dissolution

See also

• Market share of personal computer vendors
• List of computer hardware manufacturers
• List of laptop brands and manufacturers
• List of touch-solution manufacturers

Notes

1. Formerly a subsidiary of Seiko; now independent
2. Exited the computer business in 2007, ^[2] but still active in servers
3. Formerly a brand of Sony; in 2014, Vaio Corporation Inc., a joint venture majority-owned by Japan Industrial Partners and minority-owned by Sony, was formed to buy out the Vaio trademark
4. Later known as Wells American
5. Originally John Peers and Company, later known as Logical Business Machines
6. Later renamed to Quint Systems
7. Joint venture between Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation

References

1. Arthur, Charles (May 11, 2011). "Google targets Microsoft with launch of Chromebook laptop". The Guardian.
2. Williams, Martyn (October 23, 2007). "Hitachi to exit consumer PC business". Network World. IDG Publications.
3. Moran, Tom (June 1, 1987). "Amdek Offers Five Modular PC Systems; 2 New Monitors Support IBM VGA". InfoWorld. 9 (22). IDG Publications: 6 – via Google Books.
4. Staff writer (April 4, 1988). "H.L. Sparks Resigns As President of Wyse; Differences Are Cited". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company: 1 – via ProQuest.
5. Shatz-Akin, Jim (May 1995). "The sharper, cheaper image". MacUser. 11 (5). Ziff-Davis: 74 – via Gale.
6. Duggan, Dennis (July 8, 1965). "Two More Companies Leave Thorny Computer Market". The Washington Post. Quoted in United States Senate (1973). The Industrial Reorganization Act: The Computer Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 5569 – via Google Books.
7. LeVota, Meghan (October 31, 2017). "CEO: Infusion Express $13.5M round proves realistic investment can come to KC". Startland News.
8. Staff writer (1991). "Digital Equipment completes acquisition of Philips Electronics unit". UPI.com. United Press International.
9. Lee, Yvonne (March 15, 1993). "Fujitsu to debut its first updated Poqet systems". InfoWorld. 15 (11). IDG Publications: 31 – via Google Books.
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11. "Title unknown". Electronics. 44 (4). McGraw-Hill: 71. 1971 – via Google Books.
12. Staff writer (August 27, 1984). "Telex buy completed". Computerworld. XVIII (35). CW Communications: 77 – via Google Books.
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14. "History of TANDEM COMPUTERS, INC. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
15. McGrath, Rita Gunther; Ian C. MacMillan (2000). The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty. Harvard Business School Press. p. 139. ISBN   9780875848341 – via Google Books.
16. Williams, Stephen (July 11, 2001). "At PC Expo, Desktops Get Lost in the Shuffle". Newsday: C5 – via ProQuest.
17. Bent, Kristen (September 19, 2012). "ViewSonic Exits Mainstream Tablet Market, Focuses On Verticals". Computer Retail News. The Channel Company.
18. Gunset, George (May 5, 1996). "Top May Be Lonely, but Bottom's Miserable". Chicago Tribune: 2. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. ProQuest   291133824.