List of defunct hard disk manufacturers

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Diagram of consolidation Diagram of Hard Disk Drive Manufacturer Consolidation.svg
Diagram of consolidation

At least 218 companies have manufactured hard disk drives (HDDs) since 1956. Most of that industry has vanished through bankruptcy or mergers and acquisitions. None of the first several entrants (including IBM, who invented the HDD) continue in the industry today. Only three manufacturers have survived—Seagate, Toshiba and Western Digital (WD)—all of which grew at least in part through mergers and acquisitions. [1]

Contents

Manufacturers

The following is a partial list of defunct hard disk manufacturers. There are currently 119 manufacturers in this incomplete list.

NameCountry of originYear of market entryYear of market exitFateNotesReferences
3M United States19811983HDD assets sold to Disc Tech One [2]
Alps Electric Japan?2008HDD assets sold to TDK [3]
Amcodyne United States19831986Acquried by Century Data Systems [4] [5]
Ampex United States1970?? [6]
Anelex Corporation United States19641967Acquired by Mohawk Data Sciences [7] [8]
Areal Technology United States19871999Acquired by Tomen Electronics and Sanyo in 1993, dissolved in 1998Manufactured the first HDDs employing glass as the substrate for their platters [9]
Atasi United States19821987Acquired by Tandon [10] [11]
Aura Associates United States1992?? [12]
Avatar Systems United States19911998Bankruptcy [13] [14] [15]
BASF Germany19701982HDD assets sold to Kennedy Company [16] [17]
Brand Technologies United States1986?? [18]
Bryant Computer Products United States19591972DissolutionRenamed to XLO Computer Products in 1972 [19]
Bull Peripheral United States19841989Acquired by Seagate Technology American subsidiary of CII-Honeywell-Bull [20]
Burroughs United States1964?? [21]
C. Itoh Japan1985?? [22]
Castlewood Systems United States19992004Bankruptcy
Caelus Memories United States19671969Acquired by Electronic Memories & Magnetics [23] [24] [25]
CalComp United States19721979HDD assets sold to Xerox [26]
Calluna Technology Scotland19922001Dissolution [27] [28]
Cardiff Peripherals United States1987?? [29]
Century Data Systems United States19681972Acquired by CalComp in 1972; later sold to Xerox in 1979 [26]
CII-Honeywell-Bull France19751989HDD business acquired by Seagate Technology Resold drives through partnership with Magnetic Peripherals; CII-Honeywell-Bull was itself a joint venture between Compagnie Internationale d'Informatique, Honeywell, and Groupe Bull [30]
Cogito Systems United States19831985Dissolution [31] [32]
Comport United States19881991Dissolution [33] [34]
Computer Memories, Inc. United States19791986Exited the HDD business
Computer Memory Devices United States19691971Dissolution [35] [36] [37]
Conner Peripherals United States19851996Acquired by Seagate Technology
Cornice United States20002007Dissolution [38] [39]
Data Disc United States19621977Acquired by Datapoint [40] [41]
Data General United States1969??
Datapoint Japan19771984HDD assets sold to Xebec Corporation [41] [42]
Dataproducts United States1962?Exited the HDD business
Data Recording Instrument United Kingdom19701988Acquired by FKI First company to manufactured HDDs in Europe [43] [44] [45] : 289 
Data-Tech Memories United States19861989Dissolution [46] [47] : 133 
Diablo Systems United States19691972Acquired by Xerox [48]
Digital Equipment Corporation United States19691993Exited the HDD business [49]
Disc Tech One United States19831984Acquired by Life Tech Industries [50] [51]
Disctron United States19821983DissolutionSpin-off of Computer & Communications Technology [52] [53]
DMA Systems United States19811985Dissolution [54]
DZU AD Bulgaria19681999DissolutionOriginally a state-owned entity, later converted to private company; HDD assets dispersed between 1997 and 1999 [45] : 289  [55]
Ecol. 2 United States19901993DissolutionNever produced any drives beyond prototypes [56]
Electronic Memories & Magnetics United States19691985Acquired by Titan Systems [57] [25]
Emulex United States19791992HDD assets spun off as QLogic
Epson Japan19851987Left the HDD business [58] [59]
Espert South Korea1990?Dissolution [60]
ExcelStor Technology China20002008Dissolution
Fuji Electric Japan19852011Exited the HDD business [61] [62]
Fujitsu Japan19632009HDD assets sold to Toshiba [63] [64]
General Electric United States19621970HDD assets sold to Honeywell [65] [66]
GS Magicstor China2003?Dissolution [67]
Hewlett-Packard United States19791996Exited the HDD businessManufactured the first 1.3-inch HDDs [68] [69]
HGST United States20032018Acquired by Western Digital Hitachi's HDD business after acquiring IBM's HDD assets
Hitachi United States19672018HDD assets sold to Western Digital [63]
Hokushin Electric Works Japan1980?? [45] : 289  [70]
Hyosung South Korea??? [47] : 138 
IBM United States19562003HDD assets sold to Hitachi Inventors of the HDD; HDD assets briefly spun off to AdStar between 1992 and 1995
Information Storage Systems United States19691973Acquired by Itel Corporation; later sold to Sperry Univac [71] [72] [73]
Intégral Peripherals United States19901998Acquired by H&Q Asia Pacific Manufactured the first 1.8-inch HDDs [74] [75]
International Memories United States19771984Merged with Onyx Systems to become Dorado Micro Systems, later Onyx-IMI; left the HDD business in 1984; HDD business sold to Fujhin Electronic Computer Co. in 1985 [76] [77] [78] [79] [80]
Iomec United States19691975Acquired by Data 100 [81] [82]
Iomega United States19952008Acquired by EMC Corporation
ИЗОТ  [ ru ](English: ISOT)Bulgaria19621991DissolutionState-owned entity
Josephine County Technology United States19841986Dissolution [83] [84] [85]
JT Storage United States19941999Dissolution
JVC Japan1986?? [86]
Kalok United States19871994Acquired by JT Storage [87] [88]
Kennedy United States19771988Dissolution [89] [90]
Kyocera Japan19841991Exited the HDD business [91] [92]
LaPine Technologies United States19841987Bankruptcy [93] [94] [95]
Librascope United States19611968Acquired by Singer Corporation [96]
Magnetic Peripherals United States19751989Acquired by Seagate Technology Joint venture between Control Data and CII-Honeywell-Bull; later known as Imprimis Technology
Marshall Laboratories United States19681969Dissolution [97] [98]
Matsushita Japan19892000 ca.Exited the HDD businessOriginally as a licensee of Quantum [99]
Maxtor United States19822006Acquired by Seagate Technology
Memorex United States19681981Acquired by Burroughs Corporation; HDD assets later sold to Toshiba Manufactured the first HDD subsystems that were plug-compatible with IBM's
Microcomputer Memories United States19831986Bankruptcy [100] [101]
Micropolis United States19861996HDD assets sold to Singapore Technology
Microscience International United States19821993Bankruptcy [102] [103]
MiniScribe United States19801990Acquired by Maxtor
MiniStor Peripherals United States19911995BankruptcyManufactured the first PC Card HDDs [104] [105]
Mitsubishi Japan19682002HDD assets sold to Showa Denko [63] [106]
Mitsumi Electric Japan???
NCR United States1964?? [107]
NEC Japan19652002Exited the HDD business [63] [108]
Newbury Data United Kingdom19841988Acquired by FKI [109] [110]
Nippon Electric Industry Japan1983?? [111]
Nippon Peripherals Japan19711986Dissolution [112] [113] [114]
Nomaï France19921998Acquired by Iomega
Ohio Scientific United States19801980Acquired by M/A-COM [115]
Okidata Japan19731980HDD business acquired by Ohio Scientific [116] [117] [118]
Olivetti OPE Italy1981?Left the HDD business [119] [120]
Orca Technology United States19901992Bankruptcy; HDD assets sold to Samsung Electronics in 1995 [121] [122]
Otari Japan1985?Exited the HDD business [123]
Pertec Computer United States19711987Acquired by Triumph-Adler [124] [125]
Philips Netherlands??? [45] : 289 
Plus Development United States19831993DissolutionInventors of the hardcard
Potter Instrument United States19681975Bankruptcy [126] [127] [128]
PrairieTek United States19851991BankruptcyManufactured the first 2.5-inch HDDs
Priam United States19781991HDD assets sold to Prima International
Peripheral Technology United States19851990Dissolution [129] [130]
Quantum United States19802000HDD assets sold to Maxtor
Ricoh Japan1985?Exited the HDD business [131]
Rodime Scotland19791991Exited the HDD businessManufactured the first 3.5-inch HDDs
Rotating Memory Systems United States19811982Acquired by Computer & Communications Technology [132] [133]
SAGEM France??Exited the HDD business
Samsung Electronics South Korea19882011HDD assets sold to Seagate Technology [134] [135]
Sequel United States19891991BankruptcySpin-off of Memorex's HDD business after the latter was acquired by Unisys [136] [137]
Shugart Associates United States19791985Acquired by Xerox in 1977; assets liquidated in 1985
Siemens Germany??? [45] : 289 
Storage Technology Corporation United States19692005Acquired by Sun Microsystems
SyQuest Technology United States19821999HDD assets sold to Iomega
Tandon United States19811988HDD assets sold to Western Digital [138] [139]
TEAC Japan???
Texas Instruments United States1981?Exited the HDD businessFirst company to second-source Seagate's ST-506, the first 5.25-inch HDD [140] [141] [142]
Tokico Japan??? [47] : 166 
Tulin United States19821991Dissolution [143] [144]
Vertex Peripherals United States19821985Acquired by Priam Corporation [145] [146]
Xebec United States1974??Originally named Microcomputer Systems Corporation; 1410 SCSI controller formed the basis of IBM PC's hard disk controller [147] [148]
YE-Data Japan?1995Exited the HDD business [47] : 169–170  [149]

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References

General references
Specific references
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