 | This article needs to be updated.(September 2024) |
| This article needs to be updated.(September 2024) |
| Battery manufacturer | Production 2023 [1] / EV volumes [2] | Change from 2022 [1] | Market share [1] | Headquarters | Year founded | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CATL | 260 / 242 GWh | +41% | 37% | Ningde, Fujian, China | 1999 | World's largest battery manufacturer Origins: Amperex Technology Limited |
| BYD / FinDreams | 111 / 115 GWh | +58% | 16% | Shenzhen, Guangdong, China | 1995 | focuses on LFP battery production for battery storage power stations and has introduced a blade battery technology which makes the application reasonable in mid-to long range term electric vehicles [3] |
| LG Energy Solution | 96 / 108 GWh | +34% | 14% | Seoul, South Korea | 2020 | |
| Panasonic | 45 / 57 GWh | +26% | 6% | Osaka, Japan | 1918 | |
| SK On | 34.4 / 40 GWh | +14% | 4.9% | Seoul, South Korea | 2007 | |
| CALB | 33.4 / 23.5 GWh | +81% | 4.7% | Changzhou, Jiangsu, China | 2007 | |
| Samsung SDI | 32.6 / 35.7 GWh | +36% | 4.6% | Seoul, South Korea | 1970 | |
| Guoxuan / Gotion High Tech | 17.1 GWh | +23.1% | 2.4% | Hefei, Anhui, China | 1995 | |
| EVE Energy | 16.2 GWh | +129.8% | 2.3% | Huizhou, Guangdong, China | 2001 | NMC, LFP, also battery storage power stations |
| Farasis Energy | 16.7 GWh [2] | +123% [2] | 2.3% [2] | Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China | 2002 / 2009 | founded in Hayward, California, United States, R&D in USA, Germany and China, production in China |
| Sunwoda | 10.5 / 7.0 GWh | +15.4% | 1.5% | Shenzhen, Guangdong, China | 1997 | production in China, India, Vietnam, Hungary, and Morocco [4] |
| Others | 49.4 / 56.0 GWh | +11.3% | 7% | |||
| This article needs to be updated.(May 2024) |
| Battery manufacturer | Year founded | Headquarters | Production capacity (GWh) | Type of battery | OEM customer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A123 Systems | 2001 [5] | Hangzhou, China | 1.5 (2018) [6] | Lithium-ion (LFP) |
| Supplies Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines Formula One racing with parts for kinetic energy recovery system (KERS). Supplies also companies in range-extender business like ALTe Powertrain Technologies, VIA Motors extended-range VTRUX. Contents |
| AESC | 2007 | Yokohama, Japan | Lithium-ion |
| Joint venture partner Envision (main), Nissan and Tokin Corporation. Former JV partner was NEC. [8] | |
| Akasol | 2008 | Darmstadt, Germany | 2.5 (2022) | Lithium-ion | Yes | Developing and manufacturing batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles, regenerative energy facilities, battery electric busses, railway vehicles and other commercial vehicles. company was acquired by the American automotive supplier BorgWarner. [9] |
| Automotive Cells Company (ACC) | 2020 | Bruges, France | 120 (planned for 2030) [10] | Lithium-ion | Planned | Joint venture between SAFT, Mercedes-Benz and Stellantis. ACC intends to build two large scale production facilities for battery cell in France and Germany to supply electric vehicles. |
| Coslight India | 2007 | Una, India | Lithium-ion | Unknown | Electric Bus LFP batteries, EV LFP Batteries, E car LFP & NMC batteries. | |
| GS Yuasa | 1917 | Kyoto, Japan | Lithium-ion | Joint ventures with Mitsubishi Motors, and Mitsubishi Corp. Provides batteries for Mitsubishi. [11] | ||
| Hitachi [12] [13] | 1910 | Tokyo, Japan | Lithium-ion | Unknown | ||
| Imperium3 New York (IM3NY) | 2017 [14] | 32 (planned for 2030) | Lithium-ion | Yes | Cobalt-free EV batteries for Lower end passenger EVs, Buses and Defence application. Cell developed and commercialised in partnership with Charge CCCV, also known as C4V and Australian company Magnis Energy Technologies, which has Nobel Laureate Professor Stanley Whittingham as an advisory director to the project and long time mentor to IM3NY chairman Dr Shailesh Upreti. [15] | |
| InoBat Auto | 2019 | 32 (planned for 2026) [16] | Lithium-ion | Planned | Launched the world first 'intelligent battery' in October 2020. [17] Plans to partner with Rio Tinto to recycle its batteries [18] Currently constructing a R&D Facility in Slovakia, with further plans for a 32GWh facility. | |
| Leclanché | 1909 | Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland | 2.3 (2024) | Lithium-ion (G-NMC & LTO) | Yes | Designs & manufactures proprietary G-NMC/LTO cells, modules & packs within its European facilities. [19] Applications: Marine, Bus, Truck, Construction & Agriculture, GSE, Rail, Stationary & Specialty. Production capacity (Li-ion cells): 200MWh (2019) with roadmap to reach 2.3GWh by 2024. |
| Microvast | 2006 | Stafford, USA | 4 (2021) | Lithium-ion (LTO, NMC, LFP) | Specialize in cells (LTO, NMC, LFP), modules and packs for commercial vehicles. | |
| NEC | 1899 | Tokyo, Japan | Lithium-ion |
| Produced prototype batteries for Nissan. [22] Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) is Nissan's joint venture with NEC. [23] | |
| Northvolt AB [24] | 2019 | Stockholm, Sweden | 32 (planned for 2025) | Lithium-ion | Planned | filed bankruptcy in November 2024. Factory production in Skellefteå, Sweden. Start of prototype production in 2022, scale up planned for 2024-25. |
| Volkswagen Group with Northvolt AB in JV [25] | 2019 | Salzgitter, Germany | 16 | Lithium-ion | Planned | NorthVolt Zwei (two), JV battery production in Salzgitter, Germany, for the electric vehicles of the Volkswagen Group. Start of production planned for end of 2023/early 2024. |
| Octillion Power Systems [26] [27] [28] | 2009 | Lithium-ion | Lithium-ion battery supplier for the electric-vehicle battery market. Vehicles powered by Octillion batteries include China's Wuling Hongguang Mini and electric trucks produced by Brazilian manufacturer FNM (Fábrica Nacional de Motores). | |||
| OptimumNano Energy [29] | 2002 | Shenzhen, China | 5.5 (2019) | LFP | Unknown | Large Chinese manufacturer, mostly for domestic market. |
| Primearth EV Energy | 1996 | Kosai, Japan | NiMH, Lithium-ion | a joint venture between Toyota and Panasonic. [31] Former JV partner was Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. till the 2010's. [30] Company will be renamed to Toyota Battery Co., Ltd. in October 2024. [31] At least in the 90's produced batteries for Prius and RAV4. [30] | ||
| SAFT | 1918 | Levallois-Perret, France | Lithium-ion | Planned | Since 2016 a subsidiary TotalEnergies. Saft is together Mercedes-Benz and Stellantis venture partner of ACC (see above). [32] | |
| Sanyo | 1947 | Osaka, Japan | NiMH | Provides NiMH batteries for Honda and Ford hybrid vehicles [33] and Suzuki Swift. | ||
| Verkor [34] | 2020 | Dunkirk | 16 (planned for 2026) [35] | Planned | European start-up with French mass center. supported by Renault. Aims for low-carbon batteries. [35] | |
| WeLion | 2016 | Beijing, China | 6 (30 planned for 2025) | Lithium-ion | Supplier of semi-solid state electrolyte NMC cells for Nio's 150 kWh swappable batteries. Has received government funding for research and development of solid-state batteries. [36] | |
| Xerotech Ltd. | 2015 | Galway, Ireland | Lithium-ion | Yes | Xerotech’s Hibernium® battery platform [37] is built on a modular platform, allowing for high flexibility and economies of scale. The Hibernium® battery platform is designed for off-highway vehicle OEMs in every industry, including: Mining, Construction, Rail, Marine, Defense, and Everything Else. |
| Battery manufacturer | Year founded | Headquarters | Production capacity (GWh) | Type of battery | OEM customer | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aptiv | 1994 | Dublin, Ireland | LTO | Unknown | Delphi Automotive PLC.[ citation needed ] | |
| BMZ Group | 1994 | Karlstein am Main, Germany | Lithium-ion | Unknown | Lithium-ion batteries for e-buses, e-forklifts, e-vehicles like Streetscooter, e.Go, KION, Eurabus. [38] | |
| Electrovaya | 1996 | Ontario, Canada | Lithium-ion | Signed deal to electrify Walmart forklifts. Have a strong presence in large distribution centers in Mexico, USA and Canada. | ||
| Ethium | 1994 | San Antonio, USA | LFP | No | Designs and manufactures forklift battery boxes under the branding Ethium. [41] | |
| Frey New Energy | 2010 | LFP | Yes | Manufacturer and distributor of lithium-ion battery cells, modules and customized packs for heavy-duty industrial EVs and machines, serving markets of mining, material handling, GSE, and other industrial applications. | ||
| Johnson Matthey Battery Systems | 2006 | Milton Keynes, United Kingdom | LFP | Company formerly named Axeon. [42] and is owned by Cummins. | ||
| Molicel | 1998 | Taipei, Taiwan | Lithium-ion |
| Formerly E-One Moli Energy. | |
| Targray [44] | 2010 | Kirkland, Canada | Lithium-ion | Yes | Major international supplier of advance materials for EV battery manufacturing and R&D. Notable products include cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, electrodes, metal foils, binders, battery packaging materials and lithium-ion cells. | |
| Valence Technology [45] | 1989 | Henderson, USA | LFP |
| Acquired by LithiumWerks in 2019. | |
| VinES Energy Solutions | 1993 | Hanoi, Vietnam | VinFast | Member of VinGroup |
A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids.
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle whose propulsion is powered fully or mostly by electricity. EVs include road and rail vehicles, electric boats and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.
AC Propulsion is a San Dimas, California, USA company founded in 1992 by Alan Cocconi, Wally Rippel, and Paul Carosa, that specializes in alternating current-based drivetrain systems for electric vehicles. It offers AC-induction traction motors. The company produces electric vehicle drive systems featuring high performance, high efficiency induction motors and integrated high power battery charging. Previously, they built an electric sports car, the tzero and the eBox, an electric conversion based on the Scion XB. They also develop prototype electric vehicles for OEM customers.
The Toyota RAV4 EV is an all-electric version of the popular RAV4 SUV produced by Toyota until 2014. Two generations of the EV model were sold in California, and to fleets elsewhere in the US, with a gap of almost ten years between them.
Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD), also known as Toyota Hybrid System II, is the brand name of Toyota Motor Corporation for the hybrid car drive train technology used in vehicles with the Toyota and Lexus marques. First introduced on the Prius, the technology is an option on several other Toyota and Lexus vehicles and has been adapted for the electric drive system of the hydrogen-powered Mirai, and for a plug-in hybrid version of the Prius. Previously, Toyota also licensed its HSD technology to Nissan for use in its Nissan Altima Hybrid. Its parts supplier Aisin offers similar hybrid transmissions to other car companies.
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) describes a system in which plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) sell demand response services to the grid. Demand services are either delivering electricity to the grid or reducing the rate of charge from the grid. Demand services reduce the peaks in demand for grid supply, and hence reduce the probability of disruption from load variations. Vehicle-to-load (V2L) and Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) are related, but the AC phase is not synchronised with the grid, so the power is only available to "off-grid" load.
Primearth EV Energy Co., Ltd. is a Japanese manufacturer of prismatic nickel–metal hydride (NiMH) and lithium-ion battery packs for hybrid electric vehicles, located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. PEVE's products had been solely based on NiMH until early 2011 when the company has started mass production of Li-ion battery.
The lithium iron phosphate battery or LFP battery is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. Because of their low cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and other factors, LFP batteries are finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility-scale stationary applications, and backup power. LFP batteries are cobalt-free. As of September 2022, LFP type battery market share for EVs reached 31%, and of that, 68% were from EV makers Tesla and BYD alone. Chinese manufacturers currently hold a near monopoly of LFP battery type production. With patents having started to expire in 2022 and the increased demand for cheaper EV batteries, LFP type production is expected to rise further and surpass lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC) type batteries in 2028.
An electric vehicle battery is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
The lithium-titanate or lithium-titanium-oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium-ion batteries but the disadvantage is a much lower energy density.
A solid-state battery is an electrical battery that uses a solid electrolyte for ionic conductions between the electrodes, instead of the liquid or gel polymer electrolytes found in conventional batteries. Solid-state batteries theoretically offer much higher energy density than the typical lithium-ion or lithium polymer batteries.
The patent encumbrance of large automotive NiMH batteries refers to allegations that corporate interests have used the patent system to prevent the commercialization of nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery technology. Nickel metal hydride battery technology was considered important to the development of battery electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) before the technology for lithium-ion battery packs became a viable replacement.
The electric vehicle industry in China is the largest in the world, accounting for around 58% of global production of electric vehicles (EVs) and more than 1.5 million exports in 2023. In 2023, CAAM reported China had sold 9.05 million passenger electric vehicles, consisting 6.26 million BEVs and 2.79 million PHEV. China also dominates the plug-in electric bus and light commercial vehicle market, reaching over 500,000 buses and 247,500 electric commercial vehicles in 2019, and recording new sales of 447,000 commercial EVs in 2023.
The fleet of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Japan totaled just over 300,000 highway legal plug-in electric vehicles in circulation at the end of 2020, consisting of 156,381 all-electric passenger cars, 136,700 plug-in hybrids, and 9,904 light-commercial vehicles.
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Fisker Inc. is an American automotive company founded by Danish automotive designer Henrik Fisker and his wife Geeta Gupta-Fisker.
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Benchmark Mineral Intelligence also known as Benchmark Minerals, founded and owned by Simon Moores in 2014, is a London-based Price Reporting Agency (PRA) and specialist information provider for the lithium-ion battery to electric vehicle (EV) supply chain. The company had £11 million in assets as of 2022.
Northvolt AB is a Swedish battery developer and manufacturer, specialising in lithium-ion technology for electric vehicles. Founded in 2015 by two former Tesla executives, it commissioned its first manufacturing plant in Skellefteå, Sweden in 2021 and announced plans for five others in Europe and North America. The company filed for Chapter 11 reorganization on November 21, 2024.
Microvast Holdings, Inc. is a battery technology company headquartered in Stafford, Texas, and publicly traded on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. It designs, develops and manufactures battery components and systems primarily for electric commercial vehicles and utility-scale energy storage systems (ESS). Microvast has manufacturing facilities in the United States, China, and Germany.