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| Battery manufacturer | Market share (2022) | Headquarters |
|---|---|---|
| CATL | 37.0% | Ningde, Fujian, China |
| LG Energy Solution | 13.6% | Seoul, South Korea |
| BYD | 13.6% | Shenzhen, Guangdong, China |
| Panasonic | 7.3% | Osaka, Japan |
| SK On | 5.4% | Seoul, South Korea |
| Samsung SDI | 4.7% | Seoul, South Korea |
| CALB | 3.9% | Changzhou, Zhejiang, China |
| Gotion High-Tech | 2.7% | Hefei, Anhui, China |
| Sunwoda | 1.8% | Shenzhen, Guangdong, China |
| Farasis Energy | 1.4% | Hayward, California, United States |
| Others | 8.6% | Various |
| Battery manufacturer | Notes | Year founded | Headquarters | Production capacity (GWh) | Used in production vehicle | Type of battery | Still in operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A123 Systems | Killacycle motorcycle, General Motors (Chevrolet Spark EV), Fisker Automotive (Karma PHEV), Daimler Buses North America (Orion VII), now defunct Smith Electric Vehicles electric trucks, Chery Auto, Kandi, Navistar electric trucks, ALTe Powertrain Technologies extended-range EV powertrains, VIA Motors extended-range VTRUX, three cars with Shanghai Automotive Industry Corp.'s Roewe brand (an EV, a PHEV and an HEV), BMW (ActiveHybrid 3 and ActiveHybrid 5 hybrid electric vehicles), Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines Formula One racing kinetic energy recovery system (KERS), Buckeye Bullet land-speed racer | 2001 [3] | 1.5 (2018) [4] | Yes | lithium-ion (lithium iron phosphate) | Yes | |
| Akasol | Developing and manufacturing batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles, regenerative energy facilities, battery electric busses, railway vehicles and other commercial vehicles. | 2008 | 1.0 (as of 2021, 2.5 planned for 2022) | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes | |
| AESC | Nissan vehicles | 2007 | lithium-ion | ||||
| Aptiv | Delphi Automotive PLC [ citation needed ] | 1994 | lithium-titanate | Yes | |||
| Automotive Cells Company (ACC), JV between SAFT and PSA | ACC intends to build two large scale production facilities for battery cell in France and Germany to supply electric vehicles | 2020 | 120 (planned for 2030) [5] | Planned | Lithium-ion | No | |
| BMZ | Lithium-ion batteries for e-buses, e-forklifts, e-vehicles like Streetscooter, e.Go, KION, Eurabus | 1994 | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes | ||
| BYD (as FinDreams Battery, a subsidiary) | BYD focuses on LFP battery production and has introduced a new "blade battery" technology which makes the application reasonable in mid-to long range term electric vehicles [6] | 1995 | 30 (2019) [7] | Yes | lithium iron phosphate | Yes | |
| Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) (formerly Amperex Technology) | World's largest battery manufacturer | 1999 | Ningde, China | 325 (2022) [10] | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes |
| Coslight India | Electric Bus LFP batteries, EV LFP Batteries, E car LFP & NMC batteries | 2007 | lithium-ion | ||||
| EControls | Designs and manufactures forklift battery boxes under the branding Ethium. [11] | 1994 | Yes | lithium iron phosphate | Yes | ||
| E-One Moli Energy | BMW Mini-E [12] | lithium-ion | Yes | ||||
| Electrovaya | Customers include Toyota/Raymond. [13] [14] Signed deal to electrify Walmart forklifts. Have a strong presence in large distribution centers in Mexico, USA and Canada. | 1996 | lithium-ion | Yes | |||
| Johnson Matthey Battery Systems (formerly Axeon) [15] | Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, Modec, Allied Vehicles, RUF Automobile, Jaguar Cars, Land Rover, Electric Car Corporation, McLaren | Yes | lithium-iron-phosphate | ||||
| Hitachi [16] [17] | Unknown | lithium-ion | Yes | ||||
| Imperium3 New York (IM3NY) | Cobalt-free EV batteries for Lower end passenger EVs, Buses and Defence application. Cell developed and commercialised in partnership with Charge CCCV, also known as C4V and Australian company Magnis Energy Technologies, which has Nobel Laureate Professor Stanley Whittingham as an advisory director to the project and long time mentor to IM3NY chairman Dr Shailesh Upreti. [18] | 2017 [19] | 1-2 (~2022) 32 (2030) | Yes | Lithium-ion | Yes | |
| Leclanché | Designs & manufactures proprietary G-NMC/LTO cells, modules & packs within its European facilities. [20] Applications: Marine, Bus, Truck, Construction & Agriculture, GSE, Rail, Stationary & Specialty. Production capacity (Li-ion cells): 200MWh (2019) with roadmap to reach 2.3GWh by 2024 Contents | 1909 | 0.2 (2019) | Yes | Lithium-ion (G-NMC & LTO) | Yes | |
| LG Energy Solution | General Motors: Chevrolet Volt Gen 1, Gen 2, Chevy Spark, Chevy Bolt, Cadillac ELR Groupe Renault: Renault Zoe, Renault Twizy Hyundai: Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Ford Motor Company: Ford Focus Electric, Ford Mustang Mach-E Volvo Cars: [21] [22] Volvo S60 II, Volvo V60, [23] Volvo XC90 II, [24] Volvo S90/V90 II [25] | 2020 | 100 (2025) [26] | Yes | Lithium-ion | Yes | |
| Microvast | Specialize in cells (LTO, NMC, LFP), modules and packs for commercial vehicles. Oshkosh Corporation, [27] FPT [28] and various Chinese OEM. | 2006 | 4 (2021) | Yes | Lithium-ion (LTO, NMC, LFP) | Yes | |
| NEC | Produced prototype batteries for Nissan; [29] Automotive Energy Supply (AESC) is Nissan's joint venture with NEC [30] | lithium-ion | |||||
| Northvolt AB [31] | NorthVolt Ett (One), Factory production in Skellefteå, Sweden. Start of production planned for 2021 | 2019 | Stockholm, Sweden | 8 (2021) 32 (~2022-23) | Test series only | Lithium-ion | |
| Northvolt AB in JV with Volkswagen Group [32] | NorthVolt Zwei (two), JV battery production in Salzgitter, Germany, for the electric vehicles of the Volkswagen Group. Start of production planned for end of 2023/early 2024 | 2019 | 16 (initially planned | Planned | Lithium-ion | ||
| OptimumNano Energy | Large Chinese manufacturer, mostly for domestic market. | 2002 | 5.5 (2019) | lithium-iron-phosphate | |||
| Panasonic | Building electric vehicle batteries mostly for Tesla. The Gigafactory 1 in joint venture with Tesla [33] has a planned annual battery production capacity of 35 gigawatt-hours by 2018 [34] | 23 (2019) [35] | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes | ||
| Primearth EV Energy Co, a joint venture between Toyota and Matsushita Electric Industrial Co | Future Toyota products [36] | NiMH, lithium-ion | |||||
| Sanyo | Provides NiMH batteries for Honda and Ford hybrid vehicles [37] and Suzuki Swift | Yes | NiMH | ||||
| SB LiMotive | Joint ventures with Samsung and Bosch. Ended in 2012 | 2008 | Stuttgart, Germany | lithium-ion | No | ||
| SK Innovation [39] | Kia Soul EV, Daimler A.G. (SLS AMG E-cell), Hyundai (BlueOn), | 0.2 (2016) [40] | Yes | lithium-ion-polymer (LiPo) | Yes | ||
| Targray [41] | Major international supplier of advance materials for EV battery manufacturing and R&D. Notable products include cathode materials, anode materials, electrolyte, electrodes, metal foils, binders, battery packaging materials and lithium-ion cells. | 2010 | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes | ||
| Valence Technology [42] | Acquired by LithiumWerks in 2019 | 1989 | lithium-iron-phosphate | ||||
| VinES Energy Solutions JSC | Member of VinGroup | ||||||
| GS Yuasa | Joint ventures with Mitsubishi Motors, and Mitsubishi Corp.; provides batteries for Mitsubishi [43] | lithium-ion | |||||
| Frey New Energy | Manufacturer and distributor of Lithium-ion battery cells, modules and customized packs for heavy-duty Industrial EVs and machines, serving markets of mining, material handling, GSE, and other industrial applications. | 2010 | Yes | Lithium-iron-phosphate | Yes | ||
| Octillion Power Systems [44] [45] [46] | Lithium-ion battery supplier for the electric-vehicle battery market. Vehicles powered by Octillion batteries include China's Wuling HongGuang Mini and electric trucks produced by Brazilian manufacturer FNM (Fábrica Nacional de Motores). | 2009 | Yes | lithium-ion | Yes | ||
| InoBat Auto | Launched the world first 'intelligent battery' in October 2020. [47] Plans to partner with Rio Tinto to recycle its batteries [48] Currently constructing a R&D Facility in Slovakia, with further plans for a 32GWh facility. | 2019 | 32 (Planned) [49] | Planned | Lithium-ion | Yes | |
| HE3DA | Company is manufacturing batteries with 3D spatial electrodes based on the HE3DA® lithium nanomaterials | 2016 | Czech Republic | 0,2 | No | Lithium-ion combined with nano-technology | Yes |
The Toyota RAV4 EV is an all-electric version of the popular RAV4 SUV produced by Toyota until 2014. Two generations of the EV model were sold in California, and to fleets elsewhere in the US, with a gap of almost ten years between them.
Tesla, Inc. is an American multinational automotive and clean energy company headquartered in Austin, Texas, which designs, manufactures and sells battery electric vehicles (BEVs), stationary battery energy storage devices from home to grid-scale, solar panels and solar shingles, and related products and services.
The lithium iron phosphate battery or LFP battery is a type of lithium-ion battery using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material, and a graphitic carbon electrode with a metallic backing as the anode. Because of their low cost, high safety, low toxicity, long cycle life and other factors, LFP batteries are finding a number of roles in vehicle use, utility-scale stationary applications, and backup power. LFP batteries are cobalt-free. As of September 2022, LFP type battery market share for EVs reached 31%, and of that, 68% was from Tesla and Chinese EV maker BYD production alone. Chinese manufacturers currently hold a near monopoly of LFP battery type production. With patents having started to expire in 2022 and the increased demand for cheaper EV batteries, LFP type production is expected to rise further and surpass lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (NMC) type batteries in 2028.
A123 Systems, LLC, a subsidiary of the Chinese Wanxiang Group Holdings, is a developer and manufacturer of lithium iron phosphate batteries and energy storage systems.
Jeffrey Brian Straubel is an American businessman and electrical engineer. He spent 15 years at Tesla, as chief technical officer until moving to an advisory role in July 2019. In 2023, he was elected to the company's board of directors.
LG Chem Ltd., often referred to as LG Chemical, is the largest Korean chemical company and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It was the 9th largest chemical company in the world by sales in 2021. It was first established as the Lucky Chemical Industrial Corporation, which manufactured cosmetics. It is now solely a business-to-business company.
An electric vehicle battery is a rechargeable battery used to power the electric motors of a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
The lithium-titanate or lithium-titanium-oxide (LTO) battery is a type of rechargeable battery which has the advantage of being faster to charge than other lithium-ion batteries but the disadvantage is a much lower energy density.
The electric vehicle industry in China is the largest in the world, accounting for around 57.4% of global production of electric vehicles (EVs) and around 500,000 exports in 2021. In 2021, CAAM reported China had sold 3.34 million passenger electric vehicles, consisting 2.73 million BEVs and 0.6 million PHEV, which is around 53% share of the global market of 6.23 million "new energy" passenger vehicles – BEVs, PHEVs, and HEVs. China also dominates the plug-in electric bus and light commercial vehicle market, reaching over 500,000 buses and 247,500 electric commercial vehicles in 2019, and recording new sales of 186,000 commercial EVs in 2021.
SK Innovation Co., Ltd. is an intermediate holding company of SK Group engaged in petroleum, alternative energy, and oil exploration. It runs its business through eight major subsidiaries, including SK Energy, SK Geo Centric, SK On, SK Enmove, SK Incheon Petrochem, SK Trading International, SK IE Technology and SK Earthon.
Gigafactory Nevada is a lithium-ion battery and electric vehicle component factory in Storey County, Nevada, United States. The facility, located east of Reno, is owned and operated by Tesla, Inc. The factory supplies battery packs and drivetrain components for the company's electric vehicles, produces the Tesla Powerwall home energy storage device, and assembles the Tesla Semi. It is the largest and the first Tesla Gigafactory in the world. If fully built out, the building will have the largest footprint in the world.
Gigafactory is a generic term that refers to a manufacturing facility where components and products associated with electrification and decarbonization technologies are produced.
Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC) is a manufacturer of lithium ion batteries for electric vehicles established 2007 as a joint venture between Nissan, NEC and Tokin Corporation.
Lucid Group, Inc. is an American manufacturer of luxury electric vehicles, headquartered in Newark, California. Lucid vehicles are designed in California and manufactured at Lucid's factory in Arizona. The company was founded in 2007. Since April 2019, Lucid has been majority-owned by Public Investment Fund, the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia.
Fisker Inc. is an American automotive company founded by Danish automotive designer Henrik Fisker and his wife Geeta Gupta-Fisker.
Usage of electric cars damage people’s health and the environment less than similar sized internal combustion engine cars. While aspects of their production can induce similar, less or different environmental impacts, they produce little or no tailpipe emissions, and reduce dependence on petroleum, greenhouse gas emissions, and deaths from air pollution. Electric motors are significantly more efficient than internal combustion engines and thus, even accounting for typical power plant efficiencies and distribution losses, less energy is required to operate an electric vehicle. Manufacturing batteries for electric cars requires additional resources and energy, so they may have a larger environmental footprint in the production phase. Electric vehicles also generate different impacts in their operation and maintenance. Electric vehicles are typically heavier and could produce more tire and road dust air pollution, but their regenerative braking could reduce such particulate pollution from brakes. Electric vehicles are mechanically simpler, which reduces the use and disposal of engine oil.
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, abbreviated as CATL, is a Chinese battery manufacturer and technology company founded in 2011 that specializes in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems, as well as battery management systems (BMS). The company is a major EV battery manufacturer, with a global market share of around 37% in 2023.
Ultium is an electric vehicle battery and motor architecture developed by General Motors. It is being deployed for battery electric vehicles from General Motors portfolio brands along with vehicles from Honda and Acura.
SEMCORP Group, formally Yunnan Energy New Material Co. Ltd., is a multinational corporation headquartered in China that specializes in the development and manufacture of advanced materials. It is the world’s largest producer of lithium-ion battery separator film by volume, and is a major supplier to global electric vehicle battery makers including LG Chem, CATL, BYD, and Samsung SDI. Its other products include printing packages, packing boxes, liquid wrapping papers, high-grade wrapping papers, biaxially oriented polypropylene films and other related products. SEMCORP Group is listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange.
LG Energy Solution Ltd. is a battery company headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. LGES is one of the largest battery makers in the world alongside CATL, Panasonic, SK Innovation, and Samsung SDI.
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