Marysa Navarro Aranguren | |
---|---|
Born | 1934 Pamplona, Spain |
Citizenship |
|
Occupation | academic |
Awards | Silvert Award |
Academic background | |
Education | Ph.D. |
Alma mater | Columbia University |
Thesis | 'Los Nacionalistas' |
Academic work | |
Discipline |
|
Marysa Navarro Aranguren (born 1934) is a Spanish-American historian specializing in the history of feminism,the history of Latin American women,and the history of Latin America. [1] She occupies a prominent role as a promoter and activist in the areas of women's studies and women's history. Navarro is an expert on the figure of Eva Perón,having published her biography, [2] and having written articles about her. Navarro lives in the United States,and has dual citizenship,Spanish and U.S.
Marysa Navarro Aranguren was born in Pamplona,Navarre,Basque Country,Spain,1934. She has lived most of her life outside of Spain. The Spanish Civil War of 1936 forced her family to go into exile for political reasons as her father,Vicente Navarro,was an education inspector and a militant of the Republican Left. Her family sought refuge in France but given the evidence that Franco's regime was going to last longer than they thought,in 1948,they emigrated to Uruguay. In 1955,after obtaining a Bachelor's degree from the Liceo Instituto Batlle y Ordóñez in Montevideo,Navarro decided to study History and began her training at the Instituto de Profesores Artigas (Artigas Teachers' Institute). In 1958,she interrupted her studies at this institute and,thanks to a scholarship,went to the United States to study at Columbia University in New York City for a master's degree and a doctorate in History, [3] which she completed in 1960 and 1964,respectively. Her doctoral dissertation dealt with the development of the Argentine rights between the years 1930-1946,which was published in Spanish in 1969 under the name Los Nacionalistas.
Between 1963 and 1967,Navarro worked as a professor at different university institutions,Rutgers University,Yeshiva University,Kean University,and Long Island University. In 1968,she became a professor of Ancient and Contemporary History of Latin America at Dartmouth College, [1] located in Hanover,New Hampshire,at a time when women were not admitted either in classes or in the faculty,being the first woman to hold that position. Marked by the feminist movement,she campaigned for Dartmouth College to be opened to female students, [4] which took place in 1972,when the school hired female teachers. She also fought against segregation.
She worked at Dartmouth College for 42 years, [1] serving as director of the History Department (1982-1985),associate dean of Social Sciences (1985-1989),and director of the Latin American and Caribbean Studies Program (1992-2004). Her great interest,teaching feminism and gender issues,led her to direct the Women's Studies Program (1979-1981). Upon her retirement in 2010,Dartmouth named her Professor Emeritus [1] and she was awarded the Elizabeth Howland Hand-Otis Norton Pierce Award for Outstanding Undergraduate Teaching [5] for teaching excellence.
She is part of numerous associations and editorial committees in feminist-themed journals and is very involved in the Latin American Studies Association (LASA),of which she was vice president (2002) and president (2003–2004). Since the beginning of her studies,Navarro has received numerous research grants. She continues her research through the grant received in 2009,the Amelia Lacroze de Fortabat scholarship from the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies. In 2017,she was named Doctor honoris causa by the Public University of Navarre (UPNA), [6] [7] the first woman to achieve this honorary title by this academic institution.
In 1988,she helped start the Restoring Women to History project,led by the Organization of American Historians. Together with Virginia Sánchez Korrol,she examined the role of women in the history of Latin America through articles collected and published in book form. She also directed with Catharine R. Stimpson the publication A New Knowledge:Women's Studies,a four-volume collection that brings together Spanish translations of European and American articles that defined research on gender issues:What are women's studies?;Sexuality,genders and sexual roles;Social,economic and cultural changes;and New directions. [8] From 1976 to 1996,she was on the editorial board of the feminist college journal, Signs:Journal of Women in Culture and Society ,published by the University of Chicago. Influenced by the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s,and together with personalities such as June Nash (2004) and Helen Safa (2007),Navarro became interested in the situation of women in history,forming part of the creative generation of the recent training field of Latin American women's studies. She has taught as a professor,visiting professor,or guest at universities in the United States,Spain,Mexico,Uruguay,and England,and has actively campaigned to popularize gender studies through articles,meetings,and conferences at universities in different countries. As a researcher,she has studied Latin American feminist encounters,analyzing both their most conflictive aspects (confrontations,theoretical differences,etc.) and their positive ones (network formation,capacity for joint mobilization,etc.). In "Some reflections on the VII Latin American and Caribbean Feminist Meeting" she expresses her thoughts on the matter.
Navarro is an expert in the figure of Eva Perón. In 1982, [2] Navarro published her biography,Evita,to publicize the dimensions of this woman who became a part of the power and a symbol of Peronism,and whose image presented two opposite faces according to the ideological lens with which one looked at her. For the followers of Perón,Eva was an extraordinary person,a tireless worker,while for the anti-Peronists,she was an ignorant and ambitious woman. In addition to the biography,which has been published on several occasions,Navarro has continued to write articles on Eva,the last one in 2010,focused on the mythology of "Evita".
María Eva Duarte de Perón, better known as just Eva Perón or by the nickname Evita, was an Argentine politician, activist, actress, and philanthropist who served as First Lady of Argentina from June 1946 until her death in July 1952, as the wife of Argentine President Juan Perón. She was born in poverty in the rural village of Los Toldos, in the Pampas, as the youngest of five children. In 1934, at the age of 15, she moved to the nation's capital of Buenos Aires to pursue a career as a stage, radio, and film actress. She married Perón in 1945, when he was still an army colonel, and was propelled onto the political stage when he became President in 1946. She became a central figure of Peronism and Argentine culture because of the Eva Perón Foundation, a charitable organization perceived by many Argentinians as highly impactful.
Luisa Valenzuela Levinson is an Argentine post-'Boom' novelist and short story writer. Her writing is characterized by an experimental style which questions hierarchical social structures from a feminist perspective.
Libertad Lamarque Bouza was an Argentine and Mexican actress and singer, became one of the most iconic stars of the Golden Age of cinema in both Argentina and Mexico. She achieved fame throughout Latin America, and became known as "La Novia de América". By the time she died in 2000, she had appeared in 65 films and six telenovelas, had recorded over 800 songs and had made innumerable theatrical appearances.
The Woman with the Whip is a 1952 biography of political leader and cultural icon Eva Perón, written by Argentinian author Mary Main. First published in England and the United States shortly after Eva Perón's death, it presents her in a highly critical light, and is often dismissed by Perón supporters as lacking in historical value. However, the book was extremely popular, and remains highly regarded by academics as a valuable work of journalism. The Woman with the Whip served as source for Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Evita.
Alicia Moreau de Justo was an Argentine physician, politician, pacifist and human rights activist. She was a leading figure in feminism and socialism in Argentina. Since the beginning of the 20th century, she got involved in public claims for opening rights for women. In 1902, joined by a fellow activists, she founded the Feminist Socialist Center of Argentina and the Feminine Work Union of Argentina.
The Female Peronist Party was an Argentine political party created in 1949 and dissolved in 1955. The party only accepted women and was founded by Eva Perón, who was also the first president of the party.
Tomás Eloy Martínez was an Argentine journalist and writer.
Agustín Magaldi Coviello was an Argentine tango and milonga singer. His nickname was "La voz sentimental de Buenos Aires". Magaldi took part in the opening broadcasts of Argentina's LOY Radio Nacional in July 1924.
Petrona Eyle was an Argentine physician and feminist who campaigned for Latin American women's rights. She studied medicine at the University of Zurich, where she wrote her thesis on ear deformities, and in 1893 became the second woman to practice medicine in Argentina after Cecilia Grierson.
Jesús Martín-Barbero was a Spanish-Colombian communication scientist.
Feminism in Argentina is a set of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women in Argentina. Although some women have been considered precursors—among them Juana Manso and Juana Manuela Gorriti—feminism was introduced to the country as a result of the great European immigration wave that took place in the late 19th and early 20th century. The first feminists did not form a unified movement, but included anarchist and socialist activists, who incorporated women's issues into their revolutionary program, and prestigious freethinker women, who initially fought for access to higher education and, later, legal equality with men. The early 20th century was also full of women fighting for their freedom and rights in the workplace. Despite the efforts of the first-wave feminists, Argentine women did not acquire the right to vote until 1947, during Juan Perón's first government. His highly popular wife, Eva, championed women's suffrage and founded and ran the nation's first large-scale female political party, the Female Peronist Party. Although she refused to identify herself as a feminist, Eva Perón is valued for having redefined the role of women in politics.
Ana Rosa Schlieper de Martínez Guerrero was an Argentine feminist leader, philanthropist, and welfare worker. She founded the Señoras de San Vicente de Paul en General Madariaga, as well as a 100-bed hospital and nursing school for women. She also founded the Unión Argentina de Mujeres and a war relief organization, Victory Committee.
Juana Larrauri de Abramí, also known as Juanita Larrauri was a tango singer and was among a group of the first women elected to the Argentine Senate. She was elected twice as a senator and in both cases lost her seat as a result of right-wing military coups; she was elected in 1951 and lost her seat in 1955, then was elected again in 1973 and lost her seat again in 1976.
Rita Laura Segato is an Argentine-Brazilian academic, who has been called "one of Latin America's most celebrated feminist anthropologists" and "one of the most lucid feminist thinkers of this era". She is specially known for her research oriented towards gender in indigenous villages and Latin American communities, violence against women and the relationships between gender, racism and colonialism. One of her specialist areas is the study of gender violence.
Dora Beatriz Barrancos is an Argentine researcher, sociologist, historian, feminist, and politician.
Diana Helena Maffía is an Argentine academic and politician.
Aurelia Gabriela Tizón de Perón was an Argentine educator and the first wife of former Argentine president Juan Perón.
Alcira de la Peña was an Argentine physician and political leader. She became an important figure within the country's communist, feminist, and human rights movements.
Mirta Zaida Lobato is an Argentine historian, essayist, and full professor specializing in the social, cultural and political history of the world of work and gender relations in Argentina and Latin America in the 20th century. Lobato was the founder of "Área Interdisciplinaria de Estudios de la Mujer" (AIEM). She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2006.
María Elena Oddone is an Argentine women's rights activist and writer. A prominent figure of second-wave feminism in her country, she was the founder of one of its first feminist organizations, the Women's Liberation Movement (MLF), as well as the Argentine Feminist Organization (OFA) and the Court of Violence Against Women. She was director of Persona magazine from September 1974 to December 1986. She is the author of La pasión por la libertad: memorias de una feminista.