Related Research Articles
In the textual criticism of the New Testament,the Byzantine text-type is one of the main text types. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts of the Greek New Testament. The New Testament text of the Eastern Orthodox Church,the Patriarchal Text,as well as those utilized in the lectionaries,are based on this text-type. Similarly,the Aramaic Peshitta which often conforms to the Byzantine text is used as the standard version in the Syriac tradition,including the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Chaldean church. Whilst varying in at least 1,830 places,it also underlies the Textus Receptus Greek text used for most Reformation-era (Protestant) translations of the New Testament into vernacular languages. Modern translations mainly use eclectic editions that conform more often to the Alexandrian text-type,which is viewed as the most accurate text-type by most scholars,although some modern translations that use the Byzantine text-type have been created.
Lectio difficilior potior is a main principle of textual criticism. Where different manuscripts conflict on a particular reading,the principle suggests that the more unusual one is more likely the original. The presupposition is that scribes would more often replace odd words and hard sayings with more familiar and less controversial ones,than vice versa. Lectio difficilior potior is an internal criterion,which is independent of criteria for evaluating the manuscript in which it is found,and that it is as applicable to manuscripts of a roman courtois,a classical poet,or a Sanskrit epic as it is to a biblical text.
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery is a most likely pseudepigraphical passage (pericope) found in John 7:53–8:11 of the New Testament.
Novum Testamentum Graece is a critical edition of the New Testament in its original Koine Greek,forming the basis of most modern Bible translations and biblical criticism. It is also known as the Nestle–Aland edition after its most influential editors,Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland. The text,edited by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research,is currently in its 28th edition,abbreviated NA28.
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener was a New Testament textual critic and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible. He was prebendary of Exeter,and vicar of Hendon.
Codex Koridethi,also named Codex Coridethianus,designated by siglum Θ or 038,ε050,is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament,written on parchment. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography),it has been assigned to the 9th century CE. The manuscript has several gaps.
Family 1 is the name given to a group of Greek New Testament minuscule manuscripts of the Gospels,identified by biblical scholar Kirsopp Lake. These manuscripts vary in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from minuscule codex 1,now in the Basel University Library,Switzerland. "Family 1" is also symbolized as ƒ1 in critical editions of the Greek New Testament. Textual-critic Hermann von Soden refers to the group as Iη. Initially named after minuscule 1,later studies have demonstrated that another minuscule,minuscule 1582,is likely a better candidate as a representation of the archetype from which the Family 1 manuscripts are descended.
Codex Athous Dionysiou,designated by Ω or 045,ε61,is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The codex is dated palaeographically to the 9th century. It has marginalia.
Minuscule 69,δ505,known as the Codex Leicester,or Codex Leicestrensis,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on paper and parchment leaves. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography),it has been dated to the 15th century. Some leaves of the codex are lost. It has been examined and collated by many palaeographers and textual critics. Although it is of a late date,its text is remarkable from the point of view of textual criticism.
Minuscule 28,ε168,formerly known as Colbertinus 4705,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament,written on vellum. Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography),it has been dated to the 11th-century. It contains marginal notes (marginalia),and has several gaps.
Minuscule 431,δ268,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament,on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia. It is known as Codex Molsheimensis.
Minuscule 470,ε136,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament,on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Scrivener labelled it number 509. It has marginalia.
Minuscule 479,δ2491,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament,on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Scrivener labelled it by number 542. It was adapted for liturgical use. Marginalia are not complete.
Minuscule 578,ε453,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament,on paper. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1361. The manuscript has complex contents.
Minuscule 757,δ304,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript has no complex contents. Scrivener labelled it as 846e,209a,399p,and 146r.
Minuscule 801,δ553,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. The manuscript has complex contents.
Codex Basiliensis A. N. III,15,also known as Minuscule 817,Θε52,is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper,with a commentary. It was used by Erasmus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century.
Minuscule 1076,ε1140,is a 10th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript does not contain gaps.
Textual criticism of the New Testament is the identification of textual variants,or different versions of the New Testament,whose goals include identification of transcription errors,analysis of versions,and attempts to reconstruct the original text. Its main focus is studying the textual variants in the New Testament.
The Byzantine priority theory,also called the Majority Text theory,is a theory within textual criticism held by a minority of textual critics. This view sees the Byzantine text-type as the most accurate textual tradition,instead of the Alexandrian text-type or the Western text-type. Known advocates of this view include:Maurice Robinson,Zane Hodges and John Burgon. The Majority Text theory is distinguished from the view of those who advocate the Textus Receptus,as although the Byzantine text is very similar to the Textus Receptus as the Textus Receptus mostly relies upon Byzantine manuscripts,it contains a few minority readings which Byzantine priorists reject.
References
- ↑ The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (ed. Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont; Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005) i.
- 1 2 Maurice A. Robinson, "Fifty Years behind the Text: Post-Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism" (paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society, San Antonio, Tex., 15 November 2016), 6.
- ↑ Maurice A. Robinson, "Textual Interrelationships among Selected Ancient Witnesses to the Book of Acts" (Th.M. thesis, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1975), conducted his investigation within the framework of reasoned eclecticism.
- ↑ Pertinent here are Maurice A. Robinson, "Eclectic Observations regarding the Current Critical Text" (paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS, Providence, R.I., 19 November 2008), esp. 1-5; ibid., "Fifty Years behind the Text: Post-Retirement Reflections on a Career in NT Textual Criticism" (paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS, San Antonio, Tex., 15 November 2016).
- ↑ The same skepticism is also apparent in Eldon J. Epp, with whom Robinson shared a meeting and lunch in Cleveland at the urging of Clark and whose following articles he found "strongly influential" (Robinson, "Fifty Years," 5): Eldon J. Epp, “The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism,” Journal of Biblical Literature 93 (1974) 386–414; “The Eclectic Method in New Testament Textual Criticism: Solution or Symptom?” Harvard Theological Review 69 (1976) 211–57; “New Testament Textual Criticism in America: Requiem for a Discipline,” Journal of Biblical Literature 98 (1979) 94–98; and, “A Continuing Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism?” Harvard Theological Review 73 (1980) 131–51.
- ↑ Kenneth W. Clark, "Today's Problems with the Critical Text of the New Testament," in Transitions in Biblical Scholarship (ed. J. Coert Rylaarsdam; Essays in Divinity 6; Chicago: University Press, 1968), 166.
- ↑ Robinson, "Fifty Years," 3.
- ↑ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 14.
- ↑ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 10, 12.
- ↑ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 124, 131.
- ↑ Robinson, "Interrelationships," 131.
- ↑ Robinson, "Fifty Years," 5.
- ↑ Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, eds., The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005 (Southborough, Mass.: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005), xiv.
- ↑ Robinson, "Eclectic Observations," 4-5.
- ↑ Unpublished bound volume. Wake Forest, N.C.: Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library, 2012.
- ↑ Unpublished bound volume. Wake Forest, N.C.: Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary Library, 2014.
- ↑ Filología Neotestamentaria 13 (2000) 35-59.
- ↑ Pages 115-45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research. Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N. Cerone. Library of New Testament Studies 551. London: Bloomsbury T. & T. Clark, 2016.
- ↑ In addition to the first three unpublished papers listed below, others include: Maurice A. Robinson, "Hort Redivivus? A Critique of Gordon Fee in the Light of the Majority Text Theory" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1979); ibid., "Scribal Habits among Manuscripts of the Apocalypse" (Ph.D. diss., Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1982); ibid., "Burgon Revisited: Another Scrutiny of Vaticanus' Blank Space at the End of Mark" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "How Many Manuscripts are Necessary to Establish the Majority Text?" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1990); William G. Pierpont, "The Majority Text Notes and How to Use Them," in The Interlinear Bible: Hebrew-Greek-English (ed. Jay P. Green; 4 vols.; Baker Book House, 1979) 4:605-620; ibid., "What is the 'Majority Text' of the Greek New Testament?" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "Burgon's Seven Notes of Truth" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., n.d.); ibid., "Dean Burgon and the Received Text" (unpublished paper distributed by the Majority Text Society, Dallas, Tex., 1990).
- ↑ The Greek New Testament for Beginning Readers: Byzantine Textform (ed. Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont [Greek text and parsings] and Jeffrey Dodson [lexical data and layout]; Nürnberg: VTR Publications, 2010).
- ↑ Biblica 56 (1975) 231–240.
- ↑ Fort Worth: Calar, 1979.
- ↑ Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1981.
- ↑ Luther Rice Theological Journal 3 (1985) 6–16.
- ↑ Computer Chess Reports (Fall-Winter 1986) 114–122.
- ↑ Faith and Mission 13 (Fall 1996) 66–111.
- ↑ Faith and Mission 11 (1993) 46–74. [Issued in 1997 but back-dated 1993.]
- ↑ Faith and Mission 16 (Spring 1999) 16–31.
- ↑ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 6 (2001). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol06/Robinson2001.html.
- ↑ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 7 (2002). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol07/Robinson2002.html.
- ↑ Pages 125–39 in Rethinking New Testament Textual Criticism. Edited by David Alan Black. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2002. [A summarized version of the major article published in TC above.]
- ↑ Filología Neotestamentaria 13 (2000) 35–59.
- ↑ TC: A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism 8 (2003). Online: http://purl.org/TC/vol08/Pierpont2003obit.html. [Co-authored with Ken Pierpont.]
- ↑ Pages 45–67 in The New Testament Text in Early Christianity: Proceedings of the Lille Colloquium, July 2000. Edited by Christian-B. Amphoux and J. Keith Elliott. Histoire du Texte Biblique 6. Lausanne: Éditions du Zèbre, 2003.
- ↑ Pages 533–86 [Appendix] in The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2005. Edited by Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont. Southborough, MA: Chilton Book Publishing, 2005.
- ↑ Pages 40–79 in Perspectives on the Ending of Mark. Edited by David Alan Black. Nashville: Broadman and Holman, 2008.
- ↑ Pages 27–61 in Translating the New Testament: Text, Translation, Theology. Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Mark J. Boda. McMaster New Testament Studies 10. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
- ↑ Pages 96–110 in Translating the New Testament: Text, Translation, Theology. Edited by Stanley E. Porter and Mark J. Boda. McMaster New Testament Studies 10. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009.
- ↑ Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2012. [Co-edited with Mark House.]
- ↑ Pages 115–45 in The Pericope of the Adulteress in Contemporary Research. Edited by David Alan Black and Jacob N. Cerone. Library of New Testament Studies 551. London: Bloomsbury T. & T. Clark, 2016.
- ↑ Pages 116–53 in Getting into the Text: New Testament Essays in Honor of David Alan Black. Edited by Daniel L. Akin and Thomas W. Hudgins. Eugene, OR: Pickwick, 2017.
- ↑ Filología Neotestamentaria 30 (2017): 89–119.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Nashville, Tenn., March 21, 1986.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Dayton, Tenn., March 3, 1990.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Toccoa Falls, Ga., March 8, 1991.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Collegedale, Tenn., March 1993.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Louisville, Ky., March 1994.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Mobile, Al., March 15, 1996.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 48th annual meeting of the ETS. Jackson, Tenn., November 21, 1996.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 55th annual meeting of the ETS. Atlanta, Ga., November 19, 2003.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 56th annual meeting of the ETS. San Antonio, Tex., November 17, 2004.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 57th annual meeting of the ETS. Valley Forge, Penn., November 16, 2005.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 58th annual meeting of the ETS. Washington, D.C., November 15, 2006.
- ↑ Lecture presented to the faculty of the University of Lund. Lund, Sweden, December 12, 2006.
- ↑ Seminar conducted with the faculty of the University of Lund. Lund, Sweden, December 13, 2006.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 60th annual meeting of the ETS. Providence, R.I., November 19, 2008.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Chattanooga, Tenn., April 3, 2009.
- ↑ Paper presented at the Canadian Bible Society's 2010 international symposium of the Centre for Training and Research in Bible Translation. Montreal, Quebec, May 25, 2010.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Wake Forest, N.C., March 23, 2012.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 64th annual meeting of the ETS. Milwaukee, Wisc., November 14, 2012.
- ↑ Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southeast Region of the ETS. Lynchburg, Va., March 1, 2013.
- ↑ Paper presented at the 68th annual meeting of the ETS. San Antonio, Tex., November 15, 2016.