Mayatskoye

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Mayatskoye
Mayatskoe, Mayaki
Historical settlement
Maiatskoe gorodishche s vysoty.jpg
Outline Map of Voronezh Oblast (with position on the map of Russia).svg
Red pog.svg
Mayatskoye
Russia administrative location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Mayatskoye
Coordinates: 50°58′13″N39°17′34″E / 50.9703°N 39.2929°E / 50.9703; 39.2929
Country Russia
Region Voronezh Oblast
District Liskinsky District
Time zone UTC+3:00

Mayatskoye, also known as Mayatskoe or Mayaki, is a gorodishche (hill fort) and historical settlement located in the Divnogorye museum-reserve area of Liskinsky District in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. [1] :179 Along with Verkhnii Saltiv, it gives its name to the Saltovo-Mayaki culture, which is the main archaeological culture of the Khazars. [2] :37 Mayatskoye is the northernmost site associated with the Khazars, and was probably near the frontier with Slavic tribes. [3] It is also one of the best-preserved and best-studied Khazar sites. [3]

Contents

The Mayatskoye site consists of a hill fort surrounded by a settlement with an adjacent burial ground. [3] The overall settlement area is 30 hectares, of which 6,000 square meters have been excavated. [3] Remains of pottery workshops have been identified in this area. [2] :30 The fortress itself covers 1.1 hectare, and about 30% of the area enclosed by its walls has been excavated. [3] The walls themselves have been only been excavated in small portions; most of their circuit remains buried under earthen ramparts. [3] The walls were made of chalk blocks, some of which contain runic inscriptions, and reached about 1.5 to 2 meters in height. [3] As for the cemetery area, it covers 3 hectares, of which 2874 square meters (about 10%) have been excavated. [3] At least 150 individual burial sites have been identified. [3]

The settlement existed from the late 8th century onward; its citadel was built in the 9th century. [1] :179 The settlement was especially important during the second half of the 9th century and the early 10th century. [2] :30 Among its inhabitants were Alans. [2] :30 A Common Turkic inscription found at the site refers to the " As country" and "our land of the Six-Savirs", which Gábor Hosszú interprets as a reference to the Khazars ruling over the area between the Don and Dnieper rivers. [1] :181 The inscription identifies the building as "the mansion of Onagh Tegin", its builder as Ud Didü On, and the author of the inscription as Ineg. [1] :181

History of study

The first archaeological findings at Mayatskoye were in 1890. [3] The first comprehensive archaeological excavations were undertaken by A. Milyutin in 1906 and then N. Makarenko in 1908-09. [3] Plowing in the 1960s disturbed part of the site's eastern part but does not appear to have damaged the pits marking the site of old buildings. [3] Further excavations were undertaken by a joint Soviet, Bulgarian, and Hungarian project in 1975 and then 1977-82. [3] The burial ground was discovered in 1975. [3]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hosszú, Gábor (2012). Heritage of Scribes: The Relation of Rovas Scripts to Eurasian Writing Systems. Budapest: Rovas Foundation. ISBN   978-963-88-4374-6 . Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Brook, Kevin Alan (2018). The Jews of Khazaria. London: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN   9781538103432 . Retrieved 25 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 "Divnogorye Historical and Cultural Complex". UNESCO . Retrieved 26 January 2023.