Mazatzal Group | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: | |
Type | Group |
Unit of | Tonto Basin Supergroup |
Underlies | Hopi Springs Shale |
Overlies | Red Rock Rhyolite |
Thickness | 2,000 m (6,600 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Quartzite |
Other | Metaconglomerate |
Location | |
Coordinates | 33°41′02″N111°19′30″W / 33.684°N 111.325°W |
Region | Central Arizona |
Country | United States |
Type section | |
Named for | Mazatzal Mountains |
Named by | E.D. Wilson |
Year defined | 1922 |
The Mazatzal Group is a group of geologic formations that crops out in portions of central Arizona, US. Detrital zircon geochronology establishes a maximum age for the formation of 1660 to 1630 million years (Mya), in the Statherian period of the Precambrian. [1] The group gives its name to the Mazatzal orogeny, a mountain-building event that took place between 1695 and 1630 Mya.
The Mazatzal Group consists mostly of fine-grained light-brown to gray quartzite which often shows cross-bedding; metaconglomerate containing clasts up to 15 centimeters (6 in) or more in size; and occasional lenses, up to 46 meters (150 ft) in thickness, of maroon to gray argillite showing ripple marks and mudcracks. [2] The lower beds of the group are intruded by rhyolite domes and sills. The total thickness of the group is up to 2,000 meters (6,600 ft). [3] The group lies disconformably on top of the Red Rock Rhyolite [3] and is in turn overlain by the Hopi Springs Shale. [4]
The group crops out in the Mazatzal Mountains, [2] where it has been strongly deformed (with up to 50% shortening to the northwest [4] ) and in the Prescott area, where it has been only mildly metamorphosed. [5] It is also present in the upper Salt River canyon. [4] The group gives its name to the Mazatzal orogeny, a mountain-building event that took place between 1695 and 1630 Mya. [3]
In the northern Mazatzal Mountains, the Mazatzal Group is divided (in ascending stratigraphic order) into the Deadman Quartzite, the Maverick Shale, and the Mazatzal Peak Quartzite. In the upper Salt River Canyon, the Mazatzal Group is represented by the White Ledges Formation. [4]
In the Four Peaks area, the Mazatzal Group is divided (in ascending stratigraphic order) into an informal lower quartzite, an informal lower pelite, and the Four Peaks Quartzite. These are interpreted as a single sequence of sediment deposition. The lower quartzite is an extremely pure quartzite up to 60 meters (200 ft) thick. The lower pelite is about 450 meters (1,480 ft) thick and consists of pelite and psammite beds. The Four Peaks Quartzite is up to 400 meters (1,300 ft) thick and is mostly extremely pure quartzite with a few pelite layers. [1]
The unit was first described by E.D. Wilson in 1922 as the Mazatzal Quartzite. [2] It was raised to group rank in 1981 by P. Anderson and W.R. Wirth. [6] The group was assigned to the Tonto Basin Supergroup in 1988 by Karl Karlstrom and Samuel Bowring. [3]
The Manzano Group is a group of geologic formations in central New Mexico. These have radiometric ages of 1601 to 1662 million years (Ma), corresponding to the late Statherian period of the Paleoproterozoic.
The Ivanpah orogeny was a mountain building event in the Proterozoic from 1.71 to 1.70 billion years ago, preserved in the Ivanpah Mountains and the rocks of some mountain ranges in western Arizona and eastern California. The event is closely related to the Yavapai orogeny and may have had the same underlying causes. Foliated intrusive rocks including granite-gneiss, augen gneiss as well as amphibolite and granulite-grade metamorphism on the sequence of metamorphic facies offers evidence about the extent of deformation.
The Mazatzal orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now the Southwestern United States from 1650 to 1600 Mya in the Statherian Period of the Paleoproterozoic. Preserved in the rocks of New Mexico and Arizona, it is interpreted as the collision of the 1700-1600 Mya age Mazatzal island arc terrane with the proto-North American continent. This was the second in a series of orogenies within a long-lived convergent boundary along southern Laurentia that ended with the ca. 1200–1000 Mya Grenville orogeny during the final assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia, which ended an 800-million-year episode of convergent boundary tectonism.
The Yavapai orogeny was an orogenic (mountain-building) event in what is now the Southwestern United States that occurred between 1710 and 1680 million years ago (Mya), in the Statherian Period of the Paleoproterozoic. Recorded in the rocks of New Mexico and Arizona, it is interpreted as the collision of the 1800-1700 Mya age Yavapai island arc terrane with the proto-North American continent. This was the first in a series of orogenies within a long-lived convergent boundary along southern Laurentia that ended with the ca. 1200–1000 Mya Grenville orogeny during the final assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia, which ended an 800-million-year episode of convergent boundary tectonism.
The Picuris orogeny was an orogenic event in what is now the Southwestern United States from 1.43 to 1.3 billion years ago in the Calymmian Period of the Mesoproterozoic. The event is named for the Picuris Mountains in northern New Mexico and interpreted either as the suturing of the Granite-Rhyolite crustal province to the southern margin of the proto-North American continent Laurentia or as the final suturing of the Mazatzal crustal province onto Laurentia. According to the former hypothesis, this was the second in a series of orogenies within a long-lived convergent boundary along southern Laurentia that ended with the ca. 1200–1000 Mya Grenville orogeny during the final assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia, which ended an 800-million-year episode of convergent boundary tectonism.
The Vadito Group is a group of geologic formations that crops out in most of the Precambrian-cored uplifts of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology and radiometric dating give a consistent age of 1700 Mya for the group, corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Big Rock Formation is a formation that crops out in the Tusas Mountains of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology gives a maximum age for the formation of 1665 Mya, corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Glenwoody Formation is a geological formation that is exposed in the cliffs southeast of the Rio Grande Gorge near the town of Pilar and in a few other locations in the Picuris Mountains. Its minimum age from detrital zircon geochronology is 1.693 Mya, corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Hondo Group is a group of geologic formations that crops out in most of the Precambrian-cored uplifts of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology gives a maximum age for the lower Hondo Group of 1765 to 1704 million years (Mya), corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Ortega Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in most of the mountain ranges of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology establishes a maximum age for the formation of 1690-1670 million years (Mya), in the Statherian period of the Precambrian.
The Marquenas Formation is a geological formation that crops out in the Picuris Mountains of northern New Mexico. Detrital zircon geochronology gives it a maximum age of 1435 million years, corresponding to the Calymmian period.
The Uncompahgre Formation is a geologic formation in Colorado. Its radiometric age is between 1707 and 1704 Ma, corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Sevilleta Metarhyolite is a geologic formation in central New Mexico. It has a radiometric age of 1665 ± 16 Ma, corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Los Pinos Mountains are a small mountain range in the central part of New Mexico, US. The are the southernmost part of a mountain front, running north to south, that also includes the Sandia Mountains and the Manzano Mountains. The Los Pinos Mountains are separated from the Manzano Mountains by Abo Pass, which was cut by a small tributary to the Rio Grande. The mountains run slightly west of south for 15 miles (24 km) and widen to a maximum of about 4 miles (6.4 km) across before narrowing again. The southern end of the range is ill-defined, being marked by cuestas that merge into badlands to the south.
The White Ridge Quartzite is a geologic formation in central New Mexico. It has a maximum age of 1650 million years (Ma), corresponding to the Statherian period.
The Blue Springs Formation is a geologic formation exposed in the Los Pinos Mountains of central New Mexico.
The Sais Quartzite is a geologic formation exposed in the Los Pinos Mountains of central New Mexico.
The Yavapai Supergroup is a Paleoproterozoic supergroup of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rock strata, partially exposed in Arizona, US. The corresponding chronostratigraphic unit is the Yavapai Series, which locally defines an interval of geologic time. The Yavapai Supergroup gives its name to the Yavapai orogeny, a major mountain-building event that took place in the U.S. Southwest in the Paleoproterozoic.
The Alder Group is a group of geologic formations exposed in the Mazatzal Mountains of central Arizona, US. It dates to the Statherian Period of the Paleoproterozoic and records mountain-building events associated with the assembly of North America.
The White Ledges Formation is a geologic formation that crops out in central Arizona, US. Detrital zircon geochronology establishes a maximum age for the formation of 1726 million years (Mya), in the Statherian period of the Precambrian. The formation is typical of quartzites deposited around 1650 million years ago in the southwestern part of Laurentia, the ancient core of the North American continent.