In Euclidean geometry, the McCay cubic (also called M'Cay cubic [1] or Griffiths cubic [2] ) is a cubic plane curve in the plane of a reference triangle and associated with it. It is the third cubic curve in Bernard Gilbert's Catalogue of Triangle Cubics and it is assigned the identification number K003. [2]
The McCay cubic can be defined by locus properties in several ways. [2] For example, the McCay cubic is the locus of a point P such that the pedal circle of P is tangent to the nine-point circle of the reference triangle △ABC. [3] The McCay cubic can also be defined as the locus of point P such that the circumcevian triangle of P and △ABC are orthologic.
The equation of the McCay cubic in barycentric coordinates is
The equation in trilinear coordinates is
A stelloid is a cubic that has three real concurring asymptotes making 60° angles with one another. McCay cubic is a stelloid in which the three asymptotes concur at the centroid of triangle ABC. [2] A circum-stelloid having the same asymptotic directions as those of McCay cubic and concurring at a certain (finite) is called McCay stelloid. The point where the asymptoptes concur is called the "radial center" of the stelloid. [4] Given a finite point X there is one and only one McCay stelloid with X as the radial center.
In trigonometry, the law of sines, sine law, sine formula, or sine rule is an equation relating the lengths of the sides of any triangle to the sines of its angles. According to the law,
In mechanics and geometry, the 3D rotation group, often denoted SO(3), is the group of all rotations about the origin of three-dimensional Euclidean space under the operation of composition.
In plane geometry, Morley's trisector theorem states that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors form an equilateral triangle, called the first Morley triangle or simply the Morley triangle. The theorem was discovered in 1899 by Anglo-American mathematician Frank Morley. It has various generalizations; in particular, if all the trisectors are intersected, one obtains four other equilateral triangles.
In rotordynamics, the rigid rotor is a mechanical model of rotating systems. An arbitrary rigid rotor is a 3-dimensional rigid object, such as a top. To orient such an object in space requires three angles, known as Euler angles. A special rigid rotor is the linear rotor requiring only two angles to describe, for example of a diatomic molecule. More general molecules are 3-dimensional, such as water, ammonia, or methane.
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime. The field tensor was first used after the four-dimensional tensor formulation of special relativity was introduced by Hermann Minkowski. The tensor allows related physical laws to be written very concisely, and allows for the quantization of the electromagnetic field by Lagrangian formulation described below.
The Duffing equation, named after Georg Duffing (1861–1944), is a non-linear second-order differential equation used to model certain damped and driven oscillators. The equation is given by
A theoretical motivation for general relativity, including the motivation for the geodesic equation and the Einstein field equation, can be obtained from special relativity by examining the dynamics of particles in circular orbits about the Earth. A key advantage in examining circular orbits is that it is possible to know the solution of the Einstein Field Equation a priori. This provides a means to inform and verify the formalism.
In geometry, the trilinear coordinatesx : y : z of a point relative to a given triangle describe the relative directed distances from the three sidelines of the triangle. Trilinear coordinates are an example of homogeneous coordinates. The ratio x : y is the ratio of the perpendicular distances from the point to the sides opposite vertices A and B respectively; the ratio y : z is the ratio of the perpendicular distances from the point to the sidelines opposite vertices B and C respectively; and likewise for z : x and vertices C and A.
The Wigner D-matrix is a unitary matrix in an irreducible representation of the groups SU(2) and SO(3). It was introduced in 1927 by Eugene Wigner, and plays a fundamental role in the quantum mechanical theory of angular momentum. The complex conjugate of the D-matrix is an eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian of spherical and symmetric rigid rotors. The letter D stands for Darstellung, which means "representation" in German.
A biarc is a smooth curve formed from two circular arcs. In order to make the biarc smooth, the two arcs should have the same tangent at the connecting point where they meet.
In trigonometry, the law of cosines relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the cosine of one of its angles. For a triangle with sides and opposite respective angles and , the law of cosines states:
In hyperbolic geometry, the "law of cosines" is a pair of theorems relating the sides and angles of triangles on a hyperbolic plane, analogous to the planar law of cosines from plane trigonometry, or the spherical law of cosines in spherical trigonometry. It can also be related to the relativistic velocity addition formula.
In trigonometry, Mollweide's formula is a pair of relationships between sides and angles in a triangle.
Solution of triangles is the main trigonometric problem of finding the characteristics of a triangle, when some of these are known. The triangle can be located on a plane or on a sphere. Applications requiring triangle solutions include geodesy, astronomy, construction, and navigation.
In mathematics, Jacobi polynomials are a class of classical orthogonal polynomials. They are orthogonal with respect to the weight on the interval . The Gegenbauer polynomials, and thus also the Legendre, Zernike and Chebyshev polynomials, are special cases of the Jacobi polynomials.
In plane geometry, a Jacobi point is a point in the Euclidean plane determined by a triangle △ABC and a triple of angles α, β, γ. This information is sufficient to determine three points X, Y, Z such that
In complex analysis, the Schwarz triangle function or Schwarz s-function is a function that conformally maps the upper half plane to a triangle in the upper half plane having lines or circular arcs for edges. The target triangle is not necessarily a Schwarz triangle, although that is the most mathematically interesting case. When that triangle is a non-overlapping Schwarz triangle, i.e. a Möbius triangle, the inverse of the Schwarz triangle function is a single-valued automorphic function for that triangle's triangle group. More specifically, it is a modular function.
Pentagramma mirificum is a star polygon on a sphere, composed of five great circle arcs, all of whose internal angles are right angles. This shape was described by John Napier in his 1614 book Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio along with rules that link the values of trigonometric functions of five parts of a right spherical triangle. The properties of pentagramma mirificum were studied, among others, by Carl Friedrich Gauss.
In Euclidean geometry, a circumcevian triangle is a special triangle associated with a reference triangle and a point in the plane of the triangle. It is also associated with the circumcircle of the reference triangle.
