Radiology is the medical discipline that uses medical imaging to diagnose diseases and guide their treatment, within the bodies of humans and other animals. It began with radiography, but today it includes all imaging modalities, including those that use no electromagnetic radiation, as well as others that do, such as computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, and nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET). Interventional radiology is the performance of usually minimally invasive medical procedures with the guidance of imaging technologies such as those mentioned above.
Image registration is the process of transforming different sets of data into one coordinate system. Data may be multiple photographs, data from different sensors, times, depths, or viewpoints. It is used in computer vision, medical imaging, military automatic target recognition, and compiling and analyzing images and data from satellites. Registration is necessary in order to be able to compare or integrate the data obtained from these different measurements.
HipNav was the first computer-assisted surgery system developed to guide the surgeon during total hip replacement surgery. It was developed at Carnegie Mellon University.
The random walker algorithm is an algorithm for image segmentation. In the first description of the algorithm, a user interactively labels a small number of pixels with known labels, e.g., "object" and "background". The unlabeled pixels are each imagined to release a random walker, and the probability is computed that each pixel's random walker first arrives at a seed bearing each label, i.e., if a user places K seeds, each with a different label, then it is necessary to compute, for each pixel, the probability that a random walker leaving the pixel will first arrive at each seed. These probabilities may be determined analytically by solving a system of linear equations. After computing these probabilities for each pixel, the pixel is assigned to the label for which it is most likely to send a random walker. The image is modeled as a graph, in which each pixel corresponds to a node which is connected to neighboring pixels by edges, and the edges are weighted to reflect the similarity between the pixels. Therefore, the random walk occurs on the weighted graph.
MeVisLab is a cross-platform application framework for medical image processing and scientific visualization. It includes advanced algorithms for image registration, segmentation, and quantitative morphological and functional image analysis. An IDE for graphical programming and rapid user interface prototyping is available.
The International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (IJCARS) is a journal for cross-disciplinary research, development and applications of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS). The Journal promotes interdisciplinary research and development in an international environment with a focus on the development of digital imaging and computer-based diagnostic and therapeutic procedures as well enhance the skill levels of health care professionals.
The International Society for Computer Aided Surgery (ISCAS) and The Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions Society (MICCAI) are involved in the publication of the IJCARS.
Medical image computing (MIC) is an interdisciplinary field at the intersection of computer science, information engineering, electrical engineering, physics, mathematics and medicine. This field develops computational and mathematical methods for solving problems pertaining to medical images and their use for biomedical research and clinical care.
Computer-assisted interventions (CAI) is a field of research and practice, where medical interventions are supported by computer-based tools and methodologies. Examples include:
John Tsotsos is a Canadian Computer Scientist whose research spans the fields of Computer Vision, Human Vision, Robotics, and Artificial Intelligence. He is best known for his work in visual attention, specifically for establishing the need for visual attention in both biological and computational systems through an argument based on the computational complexity of visual information processing and subsequently developing a computational framework for visual attention known as the Selective Tuning model. He is also acknowledged as a pioneer in the area of Active Vision, his students and he being first to propose strategies for active object recognition and object visual search by a robot. He has made many contributions to machine vision (particularly motion interpretation, colour processing, binocular vision, active robotic head design, shape analysis as well as to human vision, robotics and applied areas such as cardiology or dentistry and assistive robotics.
Dimitris Metaxas is a distinguished professor and the chair of the Computer Science Department at Rutgers University, where he directs the Center for Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling (CBIM).
Dorin Comaniciu is a Romanian-American computer scientist. He is the Senior Vice President of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation at Siemens Healthcare.
Gregory D. Hager is the Mandell Bellmore Professor of Computer Science and founding director of the Johns Hopkins Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare at Johns Hopkins University.
Jiebo Luo is a Chinese-American computer scientist, the Albert Arendt Hopeman Professor of Engineering and Professor of Computer Science at the University of Rochester. He is interested in artificial intelligence, data science and computer vision.
Nicholas Ayache, born on 1 November 1958 in Paris, is a French computer scientist and Research Director at INRIA, Sophia Antipolis-Mediterranean Centre. Previously, he was Scientific Director of the Institut hospitalo-universitaire de Strasbourg (2012–2015) and Visiting Professor at the Collège de France (2014). He is also a member of the French Academy of Sciences.
Wiro J. Niessen is a Dutch scientist in biomedical image analysis and machine learning. He is full professor at both Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam and Delft University of Technology. He is founder and scientific lead of Quantib, an AI company in medical imaging. In 2015 he received the Simon Stevin Meester Award from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. From 2016 to 2019 he was president of the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions Society. In 2017 he was elected to The Netherlands Royal Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is director of the AI platform of the European Organization for Biomedical Imaging Research.
Julia A. Schnabel is Professor in Computational Imaging and AI in Medicine at Technische Universität München, Director of the Institute of Machine Learning in Biomedical Imaging at Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Chair of Computational Imaging at the School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences at King's College London. Previously, she was Associate Professor in Engineering Science at University of Oxford where she became Full Professor of Engineering Science in 2014.
Jerry L. Prince is the William B. Kouwenhoven Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. He has over 41,000 citations, and an h-index of 80.
The MICCAI Society is a professional organization for scientists in the areas of Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of these fields, the society brings together researchers from several scientific disciplines. including computer science, robotics, physics, and medicine. The society is best known for its annual flagship event, The MICCAI Conference, which facilitates the publication and presentation of original research on MICCAI-related topics. However, the society provides endorsements and sponsorships for several scientific events each year.
Studierfenster or StudierFenster (SF) is a free, non-commercial open science client/server-based medical imaging processing online framework. It offers capabilities, like viewing medical data (computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), etc.) in two- and three-dimensional space directly in standard web browsers, like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, and Microsoft Edge. Other functionalities are the calculation of medical metrics (dice score and Hausdorff distance), manual slice-by-slice outlining of structures in medical images (segmentation), manual placing of (anatomical) landmarks in medical image data, viewing medical data in virtual reality, a facial reconstruction and registration of medical data for augmented reality, one click showcases for COVID-19 and veterinary scans, and a Radiomics module.
Jocelyne Troccaz is a French roboticist and researcher in medical imaging and image-guided robotics. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), affiliated with the Computer-Assisted Medical Interventions team (GMCAO) of the Laboratory for Translational Research and Innovation in Medicine and Complexity (TIMC) at Grenoble Alpes University. After originally specializing in industrial applications of robotics, her interests shifted to medical robotics.
