The Meikle Ferry took passengers across the tidal Dornoch Firth in North Scotland. On 16 August 1809, in clear weather conditions, the overloaded ferry capsized and ninety-nine people died. The disaster prompted the building of a bridge upriver at Bonar Bridge.
The ferry crossed the Dornoch Firth between Meikle Ferry on the northern shore and Ferry Point at the end of Ness of Portnaculter on the southern shore. [1] This saved travellers between the towns of Dornoch and Tain a long land journey around the inlet. The first mention of a ferry in this area was in a Charter of 1560. [2]
In the early 19th century, the ferry was a large boat capable of transporting carriages, horses and cattle with a yawl available for foot passengers. The cattle were encouraged to swim rather than come on the boat, but they could be reluctant and were sometimes taken on the ferry. At the time of the tragedy, the boats on the crossing were reported to be in a poor state of repair with frayed ropes, torn sails and defective rudders. There was no proper quay for landing and delays were frequent. [2]
The 16 August 1809 was the Lammas Fair in Tain. This busy market day attracted men and women from the surrounding parishes. Many were traders and craftsmen with all of their cash to bank in Tain. Some were tenants moving out of the area with cash from the sale of their flocks. [3]
More than a hundred people boarded the ferry. This was more than the boat could comfortably carry as there was little elbow room for the oarsmen. As many as forty people were turned away (partly at the suggestion of Sheriff Donald McCulloch of Dornoch) but this still left the boat overloaded. It was claimed that drunk ferrymen encouraged the overloading. [4]
The boat was sitting low in the water. Shortly after leaving the slipway, it came broadside to the tide. The waves swamped the boat and it began to take on water. The crowds on board panicked as the boat quickly overturned. Of the one hundred and eleven people on the boat, ninety-nine perished. [5] Twelve people were pulled from the water. [6]
Initial newspaper accounts reported up to 156 people dead. [7] Subsequent publications settle on ninety-nine deaths; forty three male and fifty six female. Of these twenty were unmarried men and thirty eight unmarried girls. Of the twelve people rescued, there were four men and eight women. [8] Of the drowned, fifty six belonged to Dornoch, twenty four to Creich, ten to Golspie, seven to Rogart and two to Lairg. [3]
It took a number of days before all the bodies were recovered. Witnesses remarked on the horror of the scenes and the dangerous efforts some people made to retrieve the bodies of their loved ones. [6]
The loss of personal goods was an added burden to those relatives left behind. Many were left destitute. A memorial fund was set up to raise money for those affected by the tragedy. It raised a total of £2909 that was distributed to victims and their families. This included funds raised in Grenada and Bengal. [8]
Some later accounts [2] report that the sinking happened in the evening on the return journey from south to north. However contemporary reports are clear that the sinking occurred during the day and on the north to south journey.[ citation needed ]
The sinking was witness by James Mitchell, a civil engineer who worked with Thomas Telford. The tragedy prompted the construction of the bridge upriver at Bonar Bridge in 1812. This was designed and built by Telford [2] The Dornoch Bridge was opened in 1991 and crosses close to the original ferry route. The Meikle Ferry continued operating until 1957. [9]
Donald McCulloch, Sheriff of Dornoch was on board and drowned. A memorial stone was erected in Dornoch in his memory. [3]
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Sutherland is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in the Highlands of Scotland. Its county town is Dornoch. Sutherland borders Caithness and Moray Firth to the east, Ross-shire and Cromartyshire to the south and the Atlantic to the north and west. Like its southern neighbour Ross-shire, Sutherland has some of the most dramatic scenery in Europe, especially on its western fringe where the mountains meet the sea. These include high sea cliffs and very old mountains composed of Precambrian and Cambrian rocks.
Tain is a royal burgh and parish in the County of Ross, in the Highlands of Scotland.
The Dornoch Firth is a firth on the east coast of Highland, in northern Scotland. It forms part of the boundary between Ross and Cromarty, to the south, and Sutherland, to the north. The firth is designated as a national scenic area, one of 40 such areas in Scotland. The national scenic area covers 15,782 ha in total, of which 4,240 ha is the marine area of the firth below low tide. A review of the national scenic areas by Scottish Natural Heritage in 2010 commented:
By comparison with other east coast firths the Dornoch Firth is narrow and sinuous, yet it exhibits within its compass a surprising variety of landscapes. It is enclosed by abrupt rounded granitic hills clad in heather moor and scree, their Gaelic names of cnoc, meall and creag giving the clue to their character. Their lower slopes are frequently wooded, oakwoods being a noticeable feature of the area, but with other deciduous and coniferous species represented in plantations which vary from the policy plantings of Skibo Castle to the pines of the Struie Forest.
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Events from the year 1809 in Scotland.
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