Maltase is an enzyme located in on the brush border of the small intestine that breaks down the disaccharide maltose. Maltase catalyzes the hydrolysis of maltose to the simple sugar glucose. This enzyme is found in plants, bacteria, and yeast. Acid maltase deficiency is categorized into three separate types based on the age of onset of symptoms in the affected individual.
A glucoside is a glycoside that is derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes.
Araroba powder is a drug occurring in the form of a yellowish-brown powder, varying considerably in tint, which derives an alternative name, Goa powder, from the Portuguese colony of Goa, where it appears to have been introduced about the year 1852, and is also known as Bahia powder.
Monolignols are phytochemicals acting as source materials for biosynthesis of both lignans and lignin. The starting material for production of monolignols is the amino acid phenylalanine. The first reactions in the biosynthesis are shared with the phenylpropanoid pathway, and monolignols are considered to be a part of this group of compounds. Three monolignols predominate: coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and paracoumaryl alcohol. The ratio of these components varies with plant species. For example, Norway spruce lignin is almost entirely coniferyl alcohol, whereas paracoumaryl alcohol is found almost exclusively in grasses.
Decyl glucoside is a mild non-ionic surfactant used in cosmetic formularies including baby shampoo and in products for individuals with a sensitive skin. Many natural personal care companies use this cleanser because it is plant-derived, biodegradable, and gentle for all hair types.
Lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride is an ingredient in some types of soaps and personal care products. It is used as a substantive conditioning humectant. This chemical is a type of methyl glucoside derivative, which has been modified by ethoxylation and quaternization. A synthetic pathway for lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyldimonium chloride and other methyl glucoside humectants has been outlined in trade literature.
Lotaustralin is a cyanogenic glucoside found in small amounts in Fabaceae austral trefoil, cassava, lima bean, roseroot and white clover, among other plants. Lotaustralin is the glucoside of methyl ethyl ketone cyanohydrin and is structurally related to linamarin, the acetone cyanohydrin glucoside also found in these plants. Both lotaustralin and linamarin may be hydrolyzed by the enzyme linamarase to form glucose and a precursor to the toxic compound hydrogen cyanide.
In enzymology, a sinapoylglucose---sinapoylglucose O-sinapoyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside 5-O-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Lauryl glucoside is a surfactant used in cosmetics. It is a glycoside produced from glucose and lauryl alcohol.
Petunidin (Pt), like Europinidin and Malvidin, is derived from Delphinidin and is an O-methylated anthocyanidin of the 3-hydroxy type. It is a natural organic compound, a dark-red or purple water-soluble pigment found in many redberries including chokeberries, Saskatoon berries or different species of grape, and also part of the pigments responsible for the petal colors in many flowers. This pigment gives the Indigo Rose tomatoes the majority of their deep purple color when the fruits are exposed to sunlight. The name of the molecule itself is derived from the word Petunia.
Genistin is an isoflavone found in a number of dietary plants like soy and kudzu. It was first isolated in 1931 from the 90% methanol extract of a soybean meal, when it was found that hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid produced 1 mole each of genistein and glucose. Chemically it is the 7-O-beta-D-glucoside form of genistein and is the predominant form of the isoflavone naturally occurring in plants. In fact, studies in the 1970s revealed that 99% of the isoflavonoid compounds in soy are present as their glucosides. The glucosides are converted by digestive enzymes in the digestive system to exert their biological effects. Genistin is also converted to a more familiar genistein, thus, the biological activities including antiatherosclerotic, estrogenic and anticancer effects are analogous.
Dihydrochalcone (DHC) is a chemical compound related to chalcone.
Okanin is a chalconoid. It can be found in the plant Bidens pilosa.
Bidens torta, the corkscrew beggarticks, is a flowering plant species in the sunflower family.
Cryptococcus ater is a species of Cryptococcus that has some unique characteristics. When grown on agar it typically produces cream colonies, however when grown on neopeptone agar slants, the colonies turn olive green after approximately four weeks. This species also turns nearly black when grown on Diamalt agar slants and on Gorodkova agar after approximately three months. When grown in liquid media it develops sediment and a weak ring. On the microscopic level the cells appear globose to ovate and are capsulated. Occasionally the cells have been seen to create chains of four to five cells. When grown, it does not require vitamins, but its growth is weakened by the presence of ammonium sulfate. It is able to assimilate alpha-methyl-D-glucoside, Ca-2-keto-gluconate, cellobiose, D-arabinose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, D-xylose, galactose, glucose, K-5-keto-gluconate- K-gluconate, lactose, L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, maltose, melezitose, i-inositol, raffinose, salicin and trehalose. This species has been isolated from ulcers in a leg.
Delphinidin 3',5'-O-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-glucose:delphinidin 3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-beta-D-glucoside 3'-O-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Candida keroseneae is a species of yeast in the genus Candida, family Saccharomycetaceae. Described as new to science in 2011, it was isolated from aviation fuel.
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 4-O-glucoside is a glucoside of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. It can be found in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots of Norway spruces.
Gliflozins are a class of drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). They act by inhibiting sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2), and are therefore also called SGLT-2 inhibitors. The efficacy of the drug is dependent on renal excretion and prevents glucose from going into blood circulation by promoting glucosuria. The mechanism of action is insulin independent.
