The politics of Mexico function within a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
The Institutional Revolutionary Party is a political party in Mexico that was founded in 1929 and held uninterrupted power in the country for 71 years, from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party, then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution and finally as the PRI beginning in 1946.
Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano is a civil engineer and prominent social-democrat Mexican politician. The son of 51st President of Mexico Lázaro Cárdenas, he is a former Head of Government of Mexico City and a founder of the Party of the Democratic Revolution. He ran for the presidency of Mexico three times, and his 1988 loss to the Institutional Revolutionary Party candidate Carlos Salinas de Gortari had long been considered a direct result of obvious electoral fraud perpetrated by the ruling PRI, later acknowledged by President Miguel de la Madrid. He previously served as a Senator, having been elected in 1976 to represent the state of Michoacán and also as the Governor of Michoacán from 1980 to 1986.
The Party of the Democratic Revolution is a social democratic political party in Mexico. The PRD originated from the Democratic Current, a political faction formed in 1986 from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The PRD was formed after the contested general election in 1988, which the PRD's immediate predecessor, the National Democratic Front, believed was rigged by the PRI. This sparked a movement away from the PRI's authoritarian rule.
Heberto Castillo Martínez was a Mexican civil engineer and political activist.
Vicente Lombardo Toledano was one of the foremost Mexican labor leaders of the 20th century, called "the dean of Mexican Marxism [and] the best-known link between Mexico and the international world of Marxism and socialism." In 1936, he founded the Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), the national labor federation most closely associated with the ruling party founded by President Lázaro Cárdenas, the Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM). After he was purged from the union after World War II, Lombardo Toledano co-founded the political party "Partido Popular" along with Narciso Bassols, which later became known as the Partido Popular Socialista.
The Authentic Party of the Mexican Revolution was a Mexican political party that existed from 1954 to 2000. For most of its existence, the PARM was generally considered a satellite party of the governing Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
The Popular Socialist Party was a political party in Mexico. It was founded in 1948 as the Popular Party by Vicente Lombardo Toledano.
The Unified Socialist Party of Mexico was a socialist political party in Mexico. It later became the Socialist Mexican Party in 1988.
The Workers' Revolutionary Party was a Trotskyist political party in Mexico. It was originally founded in 1976 by the merger of two Trotskyist groups: the International Communist League, associated with the United Secretariat of the Fourth International and the Mexican Morenists.
The Socialist Mexican Party was a left-wing Mexican political party, and one of the immediate antecedents of the present Party of the Democratic Revolution. It was the last effort to unify the different Mexican left-wing parties, as well as the last political party in the country to officially use the word "socialist" in its name. It existed between 1987 and 1989.
Jesús Ortega Martínez is a Mexican Centre-left politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) who has served in the lower and upper house of the Mexican Congress. He was elected President of the PRD in 2008, and was succeeded by Jesús Zambrano Grijalva in 2011.
The Party of the Cardenist Front of National Reconstruction also known as Cardenista Party during 1996-1997 was a Mexican political party that arose during the 1989 elections, having evolved from the coffee cooperative Unión de Ejidos Majomut.
General elections were held in Mexico on 6 July 1988. They were the first competitive presidential elections in Mexico since the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) took power in 1929. The elections were widely considered to have been fraudulent, with Salinas de Gortari and the PRI resorting to electoral tampering to remain in power.
The “National Democratic Front” was a coalition of Mexican left-wing political parties created to compete in the 1988 presidential elections, being the immediate predecessor of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD). It was result of an agglutination of small political left and center-left forces with dissident members from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Their candidate for the presidential election was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas.
The Communist Party of Mexico is a communist party in Mexico. which preserves the line of its communist identity features: internationalism of the proletariat, Leninist organizational theory based on democratic centralism, and Marxism-Leninism.
Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo was a Mexican socialist politician and democracy activist. A long-standing leader of the Mexican Communist Party and the Unified Socialist Party of Mexico (PSUM), Martínez promoted political self-criticism, refused to support regional guerrilla movements, condemned the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and promoted the unification of the political left.
The Mexican People's Party was a political party in Mexico, founded in 1977. PPM was led by Alejandro Gascón Mercado. PPM was mainly based in the Nayarit and Jalisco states.
Estela Jiménez Esponda was a Mexican professor, feminist, suffragist and women's rights activist. She directed the newspaper Nosotras (Us) and was a leader in the development of the Communist Party.
The Workers' Socialist Party was a socialist political party in Mexico. The PST was founded in 1975 by Rafael Aguilar Talamantes, Graco Ramírez and Juan Ignacio del Valle, though the party did not obtain its official registration until 1979. The party nominated Cándido Díaz Cerecedo in the 1982 presidential election.
