Michael C. F. Wiescher | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1949 (age 74–75) |
| Alma mater | University of Münster |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Nuclear physics |
| Institutions | University of Notre Dame |
Michael C. F. Wiescher (born 1949 in Wuppertal) is a German-American experimental nuclear physicist and astrophysicist, [1] known for his laboratory research in nuclear physics connected with various astrophysical phenomena such as stellar evolution and explosion environments. [2] [3] [4]
Wiescher completed in 1969 his Abitur at Gymnasium Münchberg in Bavaria. At the University of Münster, he graduated in 1972 with Vordiplom in physics, in 1975 with Diplom in solid state physics, and in 1980 with doctorate (summa cum laude) in nuclear physics. His doctoral dissertation entitled Measurement of the Reactions in the CNO Cycles was supervised by Claus Rolfs. As a post-doc Wiescher was from 1980 to 1983 at the Ohio State University, from 1983 to 1985 under the supervision of Karl-Ludwig Kratz at the University of Mainz, and from 1985 to 1986 at Caltech's Kellogg Radiation Laboratory. At the University of Notre Dame he was from 1986 to 1990 an assistant professor, from 1990 to 1993, and from 1993 to 1998 a full professor, before his appointment as Freimann Professor of Physics in 1998. In addition to his Freimann Professorship, he is now the director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA) at the University of Notre Dame, the Michigan State University and the University of Chicago. He is also an adjunct professor at Michigan State University and the University of Surrey. [4] He has served as an editorial board member for Physical Review C and as an associate editor for Nuclear Physics A. [5]
He has done research in nuclear astrophysics, [6] [7] low-energy experimental physics, reaction physics with stable and radioactive beams, and analysis of cultural heritage artifacts. [4]
Wiescher is the author or co-author of over 350 research publications. [4] He is the author of local historical writings about his birthplace Wuppertal, [8] a biography of Arthur E. Haas, [9] and the textbook Radioaktivität Ursprung und Auswirkungen eines Naturphänomens. Band I'' (in German), [10] [11] as well as the co-author, with Khachatur Manukyan, of the textbook Scientific Analysis of Cultural Heritage Objects. [12]
He has given over 100 presentations at national and international conferences. [2] At the 2021 Fall Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear Physics, he presented research, done with Khachatur Manukyan, using X-rays, electron microscopy, and accelerators to investigate coins and paper money from three different historical periods. [13] [14]
Wiescher was elected in 1998 a fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), [15] in 2009 a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, [16] and in 2017 a foreign member of Academia Europaea. [4] He received in 2003 the Hans A. Bethe Prize of the APS, [3] in 2007 the Humboldt Prize of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, [17] and in 2018 the LAD Laboratory Astrophysics Prize of the American Astronomical Society. [18]
His doctoral students include Hendrik Schatz. [19]
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In nuclear astrophysics, the rapid neutron-capture process, also known as the r-process, is a set of nuclear reactions that is responsible for the creation of approximately half of the atomic nuclei heavier than iron, the "heavy elements", with the other half produced by the p-process and s-process. The r-process usually synthesizes the most neutron-rich stable isotopes of each heavy element. The r-process can typically synthesize the heaviest four isotopes of every heavy element; of these, the heavier two are called r-only nuclei because they are created exclusively via the r-process. Abundance peaks for the r-process occur near mass numbers A = 82, A = 130 and A = 196.
Darmstadtium (110Ds) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all synthetic elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be synthesized was 269Ds in 1994. There are 11 known radioisotopes from 267Ds to 281Ds and 2 or 3 known isomers. The longest-lived isotope is 281Ds with a half-life of 14 seconds.
The nuclear drip line is the boundary beyond which atomic nuclei are unbound with respect to the emission of a proton or neutron.
p-nuclei (p stands for proton-rich) are certain proton-rich, naturally occurring isotopes of some elements between selenium and mercury inclusive which cannot be produced in either the s- or the r-process.
Hendrik Schatz is a professor of Nuclear Astrophysics at Michigan State University. He earned his Diploma from the University of Karlsruhe in 1993, and his PhD from the University of Heidelberg in 1997 after completing his thesis work at the University of Notre Dame. He is one of the Principal Investigators for the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics and is a leading expert on nuclear astrophysics,. Schatz also serves the science advisory committees for the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams and GSI. Hendrik's primary field of expertise is Type I X-ray Bursts. His most notable contribution to this field is the discovery of the SnTeSb-cycle. Hendrik was featured in Science magazine November 22, 2002 for his work on experimental nuclear astrophysics. Hendrik has also contributed to Physics Today.
The light-front quantization of quantum field theories provides a useful alternative to ordinary equal-time quantization. In particular, it can lead to a relativistic description of bound systems in terms of quantum-mechanical wave functions. The quantization is based on the choice of light-front coordinates, where plays the role of time and the corresponding spatial coordinate is . Here, is the ordinary time, is a Cartesian coordinate, and is the speed of light. The other two Cartesian coordinates, and , are untouched and often called transverse or perpendicular, denoted by symbols of the type . The choice of the frame of reference where the time and -axis are defined can be left unspecified in an exactly soluble relativistic theory, but in practical calculations some choices may be more suitable than others. The basic formalism is discussed elsewhere.
Daya Shankar Kulshreshtha is an Indian theoretical physicist, specializing in formal aspects of quantum field theory, string theory, supersymmetry, supergravity and superstring theory, Dirac's instant-form and light-front quantization of field theories and D-brane actions. His work on the models of gravity focuses on the studies of charged compact boson stars and boson shells.
Ani Aprahamian is a Lebanese-born Armenian-American nuclear physicist. She has taught at the University of Notre Dame since 1989. She is currently Freimann Professor of Physics at Notre Dame. She has been director of the Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory in Armenia since April 2018, the first woman to hold the position.
Christopher John Pethick is a British theoretical physicist, specializing in many-body theory, ultra-cold atomic gases, and the physics of neutron stars and stellar collapse.
Felix Hans Boehm was a Swiss-American experimental physicist, known for his research on weak interactions, parity violation, and neutrino physics.
Blayne Ryan Heckel is an American experimental physicist, known for his research involving precision measurements in atomic physics and gravitational physics. He is now a professor emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle.
Jens Horst Gundlach is a German physicist.
Steven Michael Errede is an American experimental physicist, known for his leadership in the collaboration that experimentally confirmed the existence of the top quark.
James Wellington Truran Jr. was an American physicist, known for his research in nuclear astrophysics.
Claus E. Rolfs is a German experimental physicist, known for his laboratory research related to nuclear astrophysics. He is a co-initiator of Nuclei in the Cosmos.
Madappa Prakash is an Indian-American nuclear physicist and astrophysicist, known for his research on the physics of neutron stars and heavy-ion collisions.
James "Jim" Ricker Wilson was an American theoretical physicist, known for his pioneering research in numerical relativity and numerical relativistic hydrodynamics.
George Michael Fuller is an American theoretical physicist, known for his research on nuclear astrophysics involving weak interactions, neutrino flavor-mixing, and quark matter, as well as the hypothetical nuclear matter.
Daniel S. Akerib is an American particle physicist and astrophysicist. He was elected in 2008 a fellow of the American Physical Society (APS).
Germán Sierra is a Spanish theoretical physicist, author, and academic. He is Professor of Research at the Institute of Theoretical Physics Autonomous University of Madrid-Spanish National Research Council.
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