Michael Foley (1948–2016) was an international relations scholar and head of the Department of International Politics at Aberystwyth University in Wales,United Kingdom. [1] Foley held a BA from Keele University and an MA and a PhD from the University of Essex. [1] He was the Associate Editor of the journal International Relations. He died in 2016. [1]
Michael Foley has written two books,namely,The Rise of the British Presidency and The British Presidency:Tony Blair and the Politics of Public Leadership that deal with the presidentialisation of British politics. [2] [3] In these books,Foley argues that various structural developments,changing leadership styles and new power resources have all combined to allow for a British presidency to emerge. [4] [5] Foley makes these arguments by using the American presidency as a point of reference and sees the two offices converging in terms of their wider roles. [4] Moreover,Foley has used the premiership of Tony Blair as a primary case study in his writing. Foley argues that Blair's rise to office was not because of the Labour manifesto as a whole,but because of Blair's own personal vision and pledges. [6] Blair's conduct in office was also based on personal outreach,and his decisions at various points bypassed the parliament and the cabinet. [6] According to Foley,this showcases the leader-centred politics of Britain,which as a whole,has transformed the British Prime Minister into a British president. [7] In addition to Foley’s two foundational pieces on the British presidency,Foley broadened the debate to consider how leadership decline makes the case for the presidentialisation of British politics. [8] Whilst continuing to use Blair’s premiership as a case study,Foley discusses how Blair’s alignment with failed policy initiatives and the decline of his influence in the media contributed to his loss of public support. Furthermore,Foley posits that Blair suffered from a lack of internal support due to his detachment from traditional parliamentary institutions. Foley's body of work is noteworthy because it does not indulge in the classic debate about the cabinet and prime ministerial government and brings about a fresh analysis on the topic.
Sir John Major is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. He previously held Cabinet positions under prime minister Margaret Thatcher,the last as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1989 to 1990. Major was the member of Parliament (MP) for Huntingdon,formerly Huntingdonshire,from 1979 to 2001. Since stepping down as an MP in 2001,Major has focused on writing and his business,sporting and charity work,and has occasionally commented on political developments in the role of an elder statesman.
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of His Majesty's Government. A committee of the Privy Council,it is chaired by the Prime Minister and its members include Secretaries of State and other senior ministers. Members of the Cabinet are appointed by the Prime Minister and are by convention chosen from members of the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom,the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
New Labour is the name given to the period in the history of the British Labour Party from the mid to late 1990s until 2010 under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. The name dates from a conference slogan first used by the party in 1994,later seen in a draft manifesto which was published in 1996 and titled New Labour,New Life for Britain. It was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered Clause IV and endorsed market economics. The branding was extensively used while the party was in government between 1997 and 2010. New Labour was influenced by the political thinking of Anthony Crosland and the leadership of Blair and Brown as well as Peter Mandelson and Alastair Campbell's media campaigning. The political philosophy of New Labour was influenced by the party's development of Anthony Giddens' Third Way which attempted to provide a synthesis between capitalism and socialism. The party emphasised the importance of social justice,rather than equality,emphasising the need for equality of opportunity and believed in the use of markets to deliver economic efficiency and social justice.
Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He served as Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997 and held various shadow cabinet posts from 1987 to 1994. Blair was Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007. He is the second-longest-serving prime minister in post-war British history and the longest-serving Labour politician to have held the office.
The modern political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present) began when Margaret Thatcher gained power in 1979,giving rise to 18 years of Conservative government. Victory in the Falklands War (1982) and the government's strong opposition to trade unions helped lead the Conservative Party to another three terms in government. Thatcher initially pursued monetarist policies and went on to privatise many of Britain's nationalised companies such as British Telecom,British Gas Corporation,British Airways and British Steel Corporation. She kept the National Health Service. The controversial "poll tax" to fund local government was unpopular,and the Conservatives removed Thatcher as Prime Minister in 1990,although Michael Heseltine,the minister who did much to undermine her,did not personally benefit from her being ousted.
Michael E. Cox is a British academic and international relations scholar. He is currently Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the London School of Economics (LSE) and Director of LSE IDEAS. He also teaches for the TRIUM Global Executive MBA Program,an alliance of NYU Stern and the London School of Economics and HEC School of Management.
Andrew Linklater FAcSS was a British international relations academic,and Woodrow Wilson Professor of International Politics at Aberystwyth University. In 2000,he was featured as one of the fifty thinkers in Martin Griffith's Fifty Key Thinkers in International Relations.
Tony Blair's term as the prime minister of the United Kingdom began on 2 May 1997 when he accepted an invitation of Queen Elizabeth II to form a government,succeeding John Major of the Conservative Party,and ended on 27 June 2007 upon his resignation. While serving as prime minister,Blair also served as the first lord of the treasury,minister for the civil service and leader of the Labour Party. He and Gordon Brown both extensively used the New Labour branding while in office,which was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered Clause IV and endorsed market economics. Blair is the second longest serving prime minister in modern history after Margaret Thatcher,and is the longest serving Labour politician to have held the office.
Sir Lawrence David Freedman,is a British academic,historian and author specialising in foreign policy,international relations and strategy. He has been described as the "dean of British strategic studies" and was a member of the Iraq Inquiry. He is an Emeritus Professor of War Studies at King's College London.
Social democracy is a political,social,and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime,it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal-democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy.
John Major's term as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom began on 28 November 1990 when he accepted an invitation of Queen Elizabeth II to form a government,succeeding Margaret Thatcher,and ended on 2 May 1997 following the Conservative Party's defeat in the 1997 general election by the Labour Party,led by Tony Blair. While serving as prime minister,Major also served as the First Lord of the Treasury,the Minister for the Civil Service and the Leader of the Conservative Party.
This is a bibliography of selected publications on the history of Australia.
Democratic socialism is a left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy,with a particular emphasis on economic democracy,workplace democracy,and workers' self-management within a market socialist economy or an alternative form of a decentralised planned socialist economy. Democratic socialists argue that capitalism is inherently incompatible with the values of freedom,equality,and solidarity and that these ideals can only be achieved through the realisation of a socialist society. Although most democratic socialists seek a gradual transition to socialism,democratic socialism can support revolutionary or reformist politics to establish socialism. Democratic socialism was popularised by socialists who opposed the backsliding towards a one-party state in the Soviet Union and other nations during the 20th century.
Ethical socialism is a political philosophy that appeals to socialism on ethical and moral grounds as opposed to consumeristic,economic,and egoistic grounds. It emphasizes the need for a morally conscious economy based upon the principles of altruism,cooperation,and social justice while opposing possessive individualism.
Howell James CBE is a communications adviser and former Vice-Chairman of Corporate Affairs at Barclays. He has had a long career as a communications adviser in government,broadcasting,and multi-national business. In 2015 he was appointed the CEO of Quiller Consultants,a strategic public affairs firm based in Mayfair. He left the post in August 2017.
This bibliography of Bill Clinton is a selected list of generally available published works about Bill Clinton,the 42nd president of the United States. Further reading is available on Bill Clinton,his presidency and his foreign policy,as well as in the footnotes in those articles.
This bibliography of John F. Kennedy is a list of published works about John F. Kennedy,the 35th president of the United States.
Jenny Edkins is a British political scientist,Professor of Politics at the University of Manchester.
The social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present) began with Conservative Prime Minister,Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990) entering government and rejecting the post-war consensus in the 1980s. She privatised most state-owned industries and worked to weaken the power and influence of the trade unions. The party remained in government throughout most of the 1990s albeit with growing internal difficulties under the leadership of Prime Minister John Major (1990–1997).
The powers of the prime minister of the United Kingdom come from several sources of the UK constitution,including both statute and constitutional convention,but not one single authoritative document. They have been described as "...problematic to outline definitively."
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