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The Militärhistorische Stiftung des Kantons Zug MHSZ (Foundation of Military History of the Canton of Zug in English) is a foundation consisting of a group of Military Museums in the canton of Zug with the purpose of safeguarding and cultivating the military heritage of the Swiss Confederation in the canton of Zug.
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a country situated in western, central, and southern Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The sovereign state is a federal republic bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.
{{Infobox settlement | name = Kanton Zug | settlement_type = Canton | image_shield = Wappen Zug matt.svg | shield_size = 80x80px | shield_link = | image_map = | map_alt = Map of Switzerland, location of Zug highlighted
The MHSZ secures and maintain the historical remains of buildings from the Second World War and the Cold War in the canton of Zug, making them accessible to historians, scientists, and the public. The MHSZ is concerned with preserving the cantonal and federal military heritage in its broadest sense; acquiring, securing, preserving, and maintaining the fortifications and opening them to the scientific community and the public.
During World War I and World War II, the Swiss Confederation maintained armed neutrality. Consequently, it was of considerable interest to belligerent states as the scene for diplomacy, espionage, and commerce. Additionally, it was a safe haven for refugees.
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union with its satellite states, and the United States with its allies after World War II. A common historiography of the conflict begins between 1946, the year U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan's "Long Telegram" from Moscow cemented a U.S. foreign policy of containment of Soviet expansionism threatening strategically vital regions, and the Truman Doctrine of 1947, and ending between the Revolutions of 1989, which ended communism in Eastern Europe, and the 1991 collapse of the USSR, when nations of the Soviet Union abolished communism and restored their independence. The term "cold" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, but they each supported major regional conflicts known as proxy wars. The conflict split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany and its allies, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers with profound economic and political differences.
The foundation also manages the the Bloodbound museum in the municipality of Menzingen.
The Bristol Bloodhound is a British surface-to-air missile developed during the 1950s. It served as the UK's main air defence weapon into the 1990s and was in large-scale service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the forces of four other countries.
Menzingen is a municipality in the canton of Zug in Switzerland.
The foundation was established in January 1994 by 25 people as a civil-law institution in accordance with Art. 80 et sqq. of the Swiss Civil Code.
The Swiss Civil Code is the codified law ruling in Switzerland and regulating relationship between individuals. It was first adopted in 1907.
The MHSZ consists of
A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to solidify rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from the Latin fortis ("strong") and facere.
The Swiss Air Force is the air component of the Swiss Armed Forces, established on 31 July 1914 as part of the army and in October 1936 as an independent service.
The MHSZ is a member of ‘’FORT - CH / Festungen – Schweiz’’, the national umbrella organisation of Swiss civilian fortress organisations, who maintain the fortresses and other infrastructures of the Swiss army and make them publicly available.
The MHSZ has now aquired over 35 local fortifications which are preserved and displayed on guided tours. 40 more fortresses are to be acquired.
The acquired fortresses all date from the Second World War and continued operation during the post-war years and were fitted with more advanced arms. These facilities were to be used by the 6th Field Division as part of the Swiss National Redoubt, an attempt to prevent rapid enemy advancement through the pre-alpine part of the canton Zug into the basin of Schwyz, and from there on towards the Gotthard Pass, in the case of an invasion.
The fortifications consist of dragon's teeth and other obstacles e.g. ditches, walls, bunkers fitted with machine guns or Anti-tank weapons, various artillery installations including 7.5 cm and 15 cm caliber weaponry. [1] The inventory of the acquired facilities is as follows:
Objects | number |
---|---|
Machine gun bunkers | 16 |
Anti-tank bunkers | 3 |
Infantry support gun garages | 1 |
Infantry support gun outposts | 1 |
Artillery bunkers and pits | 8 |
Artillery command centres | 2 |
Accommodation | 4 |
The MHSZ has acquired the air defense control armament position BL-64 ZG "Bloodhound" in the municipality of Menzingen. The facility can be visited via guided tours. The BL-64 ZG "Bloodhound" is the last of six air defense control armament positions of the British type Bloodhound Mark II, which had been spread across the Swiss Plateau and the Jura Mountains, that is still in good condition. The Bloodhounds had been built for the protection of the Swiss airspace, together with Mirage III combat aircraft and the FLORIDA Airspace monitoring and management system. From the 1960s until the end of the millennium, these three systems had been in service. They have since been replaced by F/A-18 Hornet combat aircraft and the new radar system FLORAKO. The Bloodhounds have not received a successor. The entire facility remains the property of the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. One of the former two units is under cantonal Cultural heritage management. In the summer several of the eight launchers are equipped with original, but inert missiles. The complete electronic and mechanical facilities are at their original location. The main components of the SAM system are a command center with deployment point, a radar, a power supply with diesel units, the launcher, an underground missile storage, a communication tower and transmission systems. Within the outpost there is a well-developed street network, and the military camp by the entrance is still used by the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. Today the BL-64 ZG Bloodhound is the last of its kind. [2]
The MHSK is a founder and member of the Verein Zuger Depot Technikgeschichte ZDT (English Depot of Technical History of Zug Foundation) in the former Zeughaus Neuheim. The ZDT is interdisciplinary and includes army, fire department and public transport. The MHSZ shows various projects, equipment and weapons of the Swiss Army, with the main focus on infantry, armored personnel, aviation, artillery and armored vehicles. The equipment, guns and armored vehicles are maintained, restored and kept available for guided tours and open days for the interested public by the ZDT. The exhibition includes the following vehicles:
Zug, is an affluent municipality and town in Switzerland. The name Zug originates from fishing vocabulary; in the Middle Ages it referred to the right to pull up fishing nets and hence to the right to fish.
Cherbourg-Octeville is a city and former commune situated at the northern end of the Cotentin peninsula in the northwestern French department of Manche. It is a subprefecture of its department, and was officially formed when the commune of Cherbourg absorbed Octeville on 28 February 2000. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin. The city is a Maritime prefecture and sub-prefecture of la Manche. Due to its union, it is the most populated city in its department with 37,121 inhabitants making it the first city of the department before the Saint-Lô prefecture and the second in the region after Caen.
The canton of Schwyz is a canton in central Switzerland between the Alps in the south, Lake Lucerne to the west and Lake Zürich in the north, centered on and named after the town of Schwyz.
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.), Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. It has been known as the Great Patriotic War in the former Soviet Union and modern Russia, while in Germany it was called the Eastern Front, or the German-Soviet War by outside parties.
Lenzburg Castle is a castle located above the old part of the town of Lenzburg in the Canton of Aargau, Switzerland. It ranks among the oldest and most important of Switzerland. The castle stands on the almost circular castle hill, which rises approximately 100 m (330 ft) over the surrounding plain but is only about 250 m (820 ft) in diameter. The oldest parts of the castle date to the 11th century, when the Counts of Lenzburg built it as their seat. The castle, its historical museum and the castle hill with its Neolithic burial grounds are listed as heritage sites of national significance.
Brugg is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Aargau and is the seat of the district of the same name. The city is located at the confluence of the Reuss, Aare, and Limmat, with the Aare flowing through the city's old town. It is located approximately 16 kilometers (9.9 mi) from the cantonal capital of Aarau; 28 kilometers (17 mi) from Zürich; and about 45 kilometers (28 mi) from Basel.
Augusta Raurica is a Roman archaeological site and an open-air museum in Switzerland located on the south bank of the Rhine river about 20 km east of Basel near the villages of Augst and Kaiseraugst. It is the site of the oldest known Roman colony on the Rhine.
Saint-Maurice, or Saint-Maurice d'Agaune, is a small city located in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. It is also the capital of the district and of the municipality of Saint-Maurice. The district of Saint-Maurice (district) is composed with 9 municipalities : Collonges, Dorénaz, Evionnaz, Finhaut, Massongex, Salvan, St-Maurice, Vernayaz and Vérossaz. On 1 January 2013, the former municipality of Mex merged into the municipality of Saint-Maurice.
Arbon is a historic and statistic town and a municipality and district capital of the district of Arbon in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.
The history of the Swiss Air Force began in 1914 with the establishment of an ad hoc force consisting of a handful of men in outdated and largely civilian aircraft. It was only in the 1930s that an effective air force was established at great cost, capable of inflicting several embarrassing defeats on the Nazi Luftwaffe in the course of an initially vigorous defence of neutral Swiss airspace. The Swiss Air Force as an autonomous military service was created in October 1936. After World War II it was renamed the Swiss Air Force and Anti-Aircraft Command and in 1996 became a separate service independent from the Army, under its present name Schweizer Luftwaffe.
On 1 March 1815 Napoleon Bonaparte escaped from his imprisonment on the isle of Elba, and launched a bid to recover his empire. A confederation of European powers pledged to stop him. During the period known as the Hundred Days Napoleon chose to confront the armies of Prince Blücher and the Duke of Wellington in what has become known as the Waterloo Campaign. He was decisively defeated by the two allied armies at the Battle of Waterloo, which then marched on Paris forcing Napoleon to abdicate for the second time. However Russia, Austria and some of the minor German states also fielded armies against him and all of them also invaded France. Of these other armies the ones engaged in the largest campaigns and saw the most fighting were two Austrian armies: The Army of the Upper Rhine and the Army of Italy.
Franz Brozincevic & Cie (FBW) was a Swiss maker of trucks, motorbuses and trolleybuses, founded by Croatian-born engineer and constructor Franjo (Franz) Brozinčević (1874-1933), active between 1922 and 1985 and based in Wetzikon.
The Swiss National Redoubt was a defensive plan developed by the Swiss government beginning in the 1880s to respond to foreign invasion. In the opening years of the Second World War the plan was expanded and refined to deal with a potential German invasion, that was planned, but never carried out. The term "National Redoubt" primarily refers to the fortifications begun in the 1880s that secured the mountainous central part of Switzerland, providing a defended refuge for a retreating Swiss Army.
The Toggenburg War, also known as the Second War of Villmergen or the Swiss Civil War of 1712, was a Swiss civil war during the Old Swiss Confederacy, that took place from 12 April until 11 August 1712. On the one hand there were the Catholic "inner cantons" and the Imperial Abbey of Saint Gall, on the other the Protestant cantons of Bern and Zürich as well as the abbatial subjects of Toggenburg. The conflict was simultaneously a religious war, a war for the hegemony within the Confederacy and an uprising of subjects. The war ended in a Protestant victory and toppled the balance of political power within the Confederacy.
The Berna L275/10 is a truck model manufactured by the Swiss company Berna from 1937 onwards. The Berna L275 / 10, military designation "Lastw gl 1.5t 4x2", has a total weight of 2200 kg, a structure with cabin and bridge as well as an on-board voltage of 6 V. The 6-cylinder petrol engine with 3600 cm³ produces a power of 66 kW (90 hp).
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