Politics in Estonia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the Estonian parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government, which is led by the prime minister. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Estonia is a member of the United Nations, the European Union, and NATO.
The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Alexander Stubb, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Finland's head of government is Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, who leads the nation's executive branch, called the Finnish Government. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Finland, and the Government has limited rights to amend or extend legislation. The Constitution of Finland vests power to both the President and Government: the President has veto power over parliamentary decisions, although this power can be overruled by a majority vote in the Parliament.
The history of Estonia from 1918 to 1940 spanned the interwar period from the end of the Estonian War of Independence until the outbreak of World War II. It covers the years of parliamentary democracy, the Great Depression and the period of corporatist authoritarian rule.
Youth mainstreaming is a public policy concept. The Commonwealth of Nations describes it in this context:
National youth development is often the sole responsibility of the government ministry or department where the youth portfolio lies, whereas youth issues should be mainstreamed across various sectors and line ministries such as health, finance, economic development, housing, justice, foreign affairs, education, and agriculture.
Rail Baltica is an under-construction rail infrastructure project that is intended to integrate the Baltic states in the European rail network. Its purpose is to provide passenger and freight service between participating countries and improve rail connections between Central and Northern Europe, specifically the area southeast of the Baltic Sea. It is also intended as a catalyst for building the economic corridor in Northeastern Europe. The project envisages a continuous rail link from Tallinn (Estonia) to Warsaw (Poland), consisting of links via Riga (Latvia), Kaunas, and Vilnius (Lithuania). Its total length in the Baltic States is 870 kilometres (540 mi), with 213 kilometres (132 mi) in Estonia, 265 kilometres (165 mi) in Latvia, and 392 kilometres (244 mi) in Lithuania. Rail Baltica is one of the priority projects of the European Union (EU). It is part of the North Sea–Baltic Corridor of the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T).
The Helsinki–Tallinn Tunnel is a proposed undersea tunnel that would span the Gulf of Finland and connect the Finnish and Estonian capitals by train. The tunnel's length would depend upon the route taken: the shortest distance across would have a submarine length of 80 kilometres (50 mi), which would make it 40% longer than the current longest railway tunnel in the world, the 57 km Gotthard Base Tunnel. It has been estimated that the tunnel, if constructed, will cost €9–13 billion. It may open in the 2030s. The European Union has approved €3.1 million in funding for feasibility studies. A pre-feasibility study from 2015 proposed a 250 km/h top speed.
Marine spatial planning (MSP) also known interchangeably as Maritime Spatial Planning, is an ocean management instrument which aids policy-makers and stakeholders in compartmentalizing sea basins within state jurisdiction according to social, ecological and economical objectives in order to make informed and coordinated decisions about how to use marine resources sustainably. MSP generally uses maps to create a more comprehensive picture of a marine area – identifying where and how an ocean area is being used and what natural resources and habitat exist. It is similar to land-use planning, but for marine waters.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania is a governmental body of the Republic of Lithuania that shapes the national policy, and organises, coordinates, and controls its enforcement in the following areas: foreign affairs and security policy: international relations, economic security, foreign trade, protection of the rights and interests of the Republic of Lithuania and its persons and entities abroad; coordination of European Union membership; representing the Republic of Lithuania abroad diplomatic and consular relations, diplomatic service, Lithuanian national and diplomatic protocol, international relations; the policy of cooperation of the Republic of Lithuania; strengthening of expat connections with Lithuania.
The Estonian Defence Forces is the unified military force of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces consists of the Estonian Land Forces, the Estonian Navy, the Estonian Air Force, and the paramilitary Estonian Defence League. The national defence policy aims to guarantee the preservation of the independence and sovereignty of the state and maintain the integrity of its land area, territorial waters, airspace, and constitutional order. Its main goals remain the development and maintenance of a credible capability to defend the nation's vital interests and of the defence forces in a way that ensures their interoperability with the armed forces of NATO and European Union member states in order to participate in the full range of missions for these military alliances.
Estonia–Kosovo relations are foreign relations between Estonia and Kosovo. Kosovo unilaterally declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008 and Estonia recognised it on 21 February 2008. The governments of the Republic of Estonia and the Republic of Kosovo established diplomatic relations in Tallinn on 24 April 2008. TALLINN, May 17, BNS - The foreign ministers of Estonia and Kosovo signed on Friday a protocol on the implementation of the bilateral readmission agreement. "Estonia supports Kosovo's integration into the European Union as this will reinforce regional security among other things. We support starting negotiations towards a stabilization and association agreement with Kosovo," Paet said. "The agreement between Kosovo and Serbia on the north of Kosovo was a historic step and it required great willingness for compromise on both sides." The Estonian minister "Urmas Paet" confirmed at his meeting with visiting Kosovan counterpart "Enver Hoxhaj" that Estonia supports visa freedom with the European Union of Kosovo's provided fulfills the requirements as the Foreign Ministry said. At Paets words, Pristina has made great potential of normalizing relations with Serbia and now it is important to implement the agreement."We hope Kosovo and Serbia will continue showing good will in this regard" added by the minister. Estonia is ready to share its reform experience with Kosovo, Paet said. "Estonia is jointly with Finland implementing a project for building an internal security-related higher education system in Kosovo" with the implication of Kosovo's interestin reforming public administrations and the judiciary. TALLINN, May 16, BNS - The foreign ministers of Estonia and Kosovo are scheduled to sign a protocol for a readmission agreement between the two countries in Tallinn on Friday. President of the Riigikogu Lauri Hussar said at the meeting with President of the Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo Glauk Konjufca today that Estonia supported Kosovo in its aspirations to become a member of the European Union, and was ready to share its experience. Hussar acknowledged the close relations of Estonia and Kosovo and assured that Estonia Developes in the region at attention. "We can see that you are focused on implementing reforms and building up your country" for the aspirations of Kosovo becoming a member of the European union as well of the international organisations through sharing the experience of the countries visa-free force of action.The Speaker of the Parliament of Kosovo thanked the Estonian state and people for their strong support for Kosovo, and pointed out that Estonia had been one of the first countries to recognise Kosovo's independence in 2008. The desire to see banks lend more to the private sector is a familiar refrain in the transition context. Given that banks in European Transition Economies (ETEs) are proportionally lending less than their counterparts in the Eurozone in the face of seemingly profitable loan opportunities 20 percent unutilised capacity at firm level. Furthermore, the estimated results for the output gap for the selected ETEs, namely Czech Republic, Estonia and Kosovo, are ± 4 percent, 5.8 percent and 5 percent, respectively, as compared to the Eurozone 0.2 percent (average 2000-2013 Defence Co-Operation: Bilateral defence cooperation between Estonia and Kosovo is minimal.
Defence attaché of Kosovo has been accredited to Estonia. The Estonian Defence Forces have participated in various peacekeeping missions in kosovo since 1999, during the visit of the Defence Jaak Aaviksoo on 8 of February 2010 as a contribute of KFOR mission of the two Estonian staff officers until November of 2018.
The Communications Authority of Kenya (CA) is the independent regulatory agency for the ICT industry in Kenya with responsibilities in telecommunications, e-commerce, broadcasting,cyber security, and postal/courier services. The CA is also responsible for managing the country's numbering and frequency spectrum resources, administering the Universal Service Fund (USF) as well as safeguarding the interests of users of ICT services.
All European countries show eGovernment initiatives, mainly related to the improvement of governance at the national level. Significant eGovernment activities also take place at the European Commission level as well. There is an extensive list of eGovernment Fact Sheets maintained by the European Commission.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia or commonly known by its abbreviation Kemlu, is an Indonesian government ministry responsible for the country's foreign politics and diplomacy. The ministry was formerly known as the Department of Foreign Affairs until 2008 when the nomenclature changed with the enactment of the 2008 State Ministry Act.
Ministry of Transport and Communications is a government institution in the Republic of Lithuania which coordinates the work of road, rail, air, water, transport, postal and electronic communications sector and implements the strategy and politics of state government.
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,300 other islands and islets on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of 45,335 square kilometres (17,504 sq mi). Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas. The Estonian language is the official language and the first language of the majority of the population of 1.4 million.
The Estonian Maritime Administration was a governmental agency that operated within the area of government of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. It was mainly tasked with implementing national economic policies and maritime safety in Estonian territorial and navigable inland waters. In 2021, the organization was superseded by the Estonian Transport Administration.
The Ministry of Transport and Communications of Peru is the government ministry responsible for regulating transportation and communications services. It is headquartered in Lima. As of 6 September 2023, the minister of transport and communications is Raúl Pérez-Reyes.
The Ministry for Chieftaincy and Traditional Affairs is the official Ghanaian agency responsible the creation of linkages between the Government of Ghana and the traditional authorities in the country. Based on recommendations by the African Peer Review Mechanism and the citizenry the Jerry John Rawlings administration established the ministry to address the recommendations. The Ministry was set up in 1993 and is backed by the Civil Service Law, 1993. Prior to its establishment, its functions were performed by two agencies namely the Chieftaincy Division Secretariat under the Office of the President and the Culture Division under the National Commission on Culture.
The Armenia–EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement or CEPA is a partnership agreement between the European Union and Armenia. The agreement advances the bilateral relations between the European Union and Armenia to a new, partnership level and regulates cooperation in political and economic sectors, while enhancing trade relations. The agreement develops these areas further, providing a long-term basis for integrating and strengthening EU–Armenia relations. The agreement is also designed to bring Armenian laws and regulations gradually closer to the EU acquis.
Tourism in Estonia refers to the overall state of the tourism industry in the Baltic nation of Estonia. It is a key part of the country's economy, contributing 7.8% to its GDP, and employing 4.3% of its population. In 2018, tourism and other related services counted for over 10.8 percent of Estonia's exports. Tourism is increasing rapidly in Estonia: the number of tourist arrivals—both domestic and international—has increased from 2.26 million in 2006 to 3.79 million in 2019. Estonia was also ranked the 15th-most safest country to visit in 2017, according to safedestinations.com, scoring 8.94 out of 10 on their list. In a 2018 report published by the OECD, they concluded that most international tourists come from places like Finland, Russia, Latvia, Germany, and Sweden.
