Government of Estonia

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Government of the Republic of Estonia
Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi valitsus
Suurriigivapp eng.png
Overview
Established24 February 1918
Dissolved suspended from 17 June 1940 – 21 August 1991 (de facto)
State Republic of Estonia
Leader Prime Minister of Estonia
Appointed by President of Estonia
Main organGovernment Office of Estonia
Headquarters Rahukohtu 3, 15161 Tallinn, Estonia
Website www.valitsus.ee/en

The Government of the Republic of Estonia ( Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) is the cabinet of Estonia. Under the Constitution, it exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and laws of Estonia.

Contents

The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament (Riigikogu); it directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.

The following duties are attributed to the cabinet by the Constitution of Estonia: [1]

  1. executes the domestic and foreign policies of the state;
  2. directs and coordinates the activities of government agencies;
  3. administers the implementation of laws, resolutions of the Riigikogu (Parliament), and legislation of the President of the Republic of Estonia;
  4. introduces bills, and submits international treaties to the Riigikogu for ratification and denunciation;
  5. prepares the draft of the state budget and submits it to the Riigikogu, administers the implementation of the state budget and presents a report on the implementation of the state budget to the Riigikogu;
  6. issues regulations and orders on the basis of and for the implementation of law;
  7. manages relations with other states;
  8. performs other duties which the Constitution and the laws vest in the Government of the Republic.

Unlike other cabinets in most other parliamentary regimes, the Government is both the de jure and de facto executive authority in Estonia. In most other parliamentary regimes, the head of state is usually the nominal chief executive, though bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Estonia, however, the Constitution explicitly vests executive authority in the Government, not the President.

Current cabinet

The current cabinet was approved by the Riigikogu on 23 July 2024.

The coalition agreed on 13 ministers in addition to the prime minister with six portfolios going to Reform, four going to Social Democrats and three to Estonia 200 . [2]

On 10 March 2025, Kristen Michal announced a "government repair" and expelled the Social Democrats from the coalition. The new cabinet consists of 13 members, eight from the Reform Party (including the prime minister) and five from Estonia 200. The new ministers of the government were sworn in on 25 March 2025. [3]

PortfolioMinisterTook officeLeft officeParty
Government's Office
Prime Minister 23 July 2024Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of Finance
Minister of Finance 23 July 2024Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Minister of Foreign Affairs 23 July 2024Incumbent  Estonia 200
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications
Minister of Economic Affairs and Information Technology 23 July 2024Incumbent Estonian Reform Party(2021)
Ministry of Justice
Minister of Justice and Digital Affairs 23 July 2024Incumbent  Estonia 200
Ministry of Defence
Minister of Defence 23 July 2024Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of Culture
Minister of Culture 23 July 2024Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of the Interior
Minister of the Interior 25 March 2025Incumbent  Estonia 200
Ministry of Education and Research
Minister of Education and Research 23 July 2024Incumbent  Estonia 200
Ministry of Climate
Minister of Environment and Energetics 25 March 2025Incumbent  Reform
Minister of Infrastructure 25 March 2025Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of Social Affairs
Minister of Social Affairs 25 March 2025Incumbent  Reform
Ministry of Regional Affairs and Agriculture
Minister of Regional Affairs 25 March 2025Incumbent  Estonia 200

Previous cabinets

Estonian Provisional Government

NumberGovernment [4] Term of officeDays in office
1 Konstantin Päts' first provisional cabinet24 February 1918 – 12 November 1918262
2Konstantin Päts' second provisional cabinet12 November 1918 – 27 November 191816
3Konstantin Päts' third provisional cabinet27 November 1918 – 9 May 1919164

Constituent cabinets

NumberGovernment [5] Term of officeDays in office
4 Otto Strandman's first cabinet9 May 1919 – 18 November 1919194
5 Jaan Tõnisson's first cabinet18 November 1919 – 28 July 1920254
6 Ado Birk's cabinet28 July 1920 – 30 July 19203
7Jaan Tõnisson's second cabinet30 July 1920 – 26 October 192089
8 Ants Piip's cabinet26 October 1920 – 25 January 192192

Riigikogu cabinets

NumberGovernment [6] Term of officeDays in office
9Konstantin Päts' first cabinet25 January 1921 – 21 November 1922666
10 Juhan Kukk's cabinet21 November 1922 – 2 August 1923255
11Konstantin Päts' second cabinet2 August 1923 – 26 March 1924238
12 Friedrich Karl Akel's cabinet26 March 1924 – 16 December 1924266
13 Jüri Jaakson's cabinet16 December 1924 – 15 December 1925365
14 Jaan Teemant's first cabinet15 December 1925 – 23 July 1926221
15Jaan Teemant's second cabinet23 July 1926 – 4 March 1927225
16Jaan Teemant's third cabinet4 March 1927 – 9 December 1927281
17Jaan Tõnisson's third cabinet9 December 1927 – 4 December 1928362
18 August Rei's cabinet4 December 1928 – 9 July 1929218
19Otto Strandman's second cabinet9 July 1929 – 12 February 1931584
20Konstantin Päts' third cabinet12 February 1931 – 19 February 1932373
21 Jaan Teemant's fourth cabinet19 February 1932 – 19 July 1932152
22 Kaarel Eenpalu's first cabinet19 July 1932 – 1 November 1932106
23Konstantin Päts' fourth cabinet1 November 1932 – 18 May 1933199
24Jaan Tõnisson's fourth cabinet18 May 1933 – 21 October 1933157
25Konstantin Päts' fifth cabinet21 October 1933 – 24 April 19381647

Presidents cabinet

NumberGovernment [7] Term of officeDays in office
26Kaarel Eenpalu's second cabinet9 May 1938 – 12 October 1939522
27 Jüri Uluots' cabinet12 October 1939 – 21 June 1940254
28 Otto Tief's cabinet (acting)18 September 1944 – 25 September 19448

Cabinet-in exile

NumberGovernment [8] Term of officeDays in office
29 Johannes Sikkar's cabinet12 January 1953 – 22 August 19602780
30 Aleksander Warma's cabinet1 January 1962 – 29 March 1963453
31 Tõnis Kint's cabinet1 March 1964 – 8 May 19712625
32 Heinrich Mark's cabinet8 May 1971 – 1 March 19906873
33 Enno Penno's cabinet20 June 1990 – 7 October 1992841

Restored Estonia

NumberGovernment [9] Term of officeDays in office
34 Edgar Savisaar's cabinet (acting)3 April 1990 – 29 January 1992668
35 Tiit Vähi's first cabinet (acting)30 January 1992 – 21 October 1992266
36 Mart Laar's first cabinet21 October 1992 – 8 November 1994749
37 Andres Tarand's cabinet8 November 1994 – 17 April 1995161
38Tiit Vähi's second cabinet17 April 1995 – 6 November 1995204
39Tiit Vähi's third cabinet6 November 1995 – 17 March 1997498
40 Mart Siimann's cabinet17 March 1997 – 25 March 1999739
41Mart Laar's second cabinet25 March 1999 – 28 January 20021041
42 Siim Kallas' cabinet28 January 2002 – 10 April 2003438
43 Juhan Parts' cabinet10 April 2003 – 13 April 2005735
44 Andrus Ansip's first cabinet13 April 2005 – 5 April 2007723
45 Andrus Ansip's second cabinet 5 April 2007 – 6 April 20111463
46 Andrus Ansip's third cabinet 6 April 2011 – 26 March 20141086
47 Taavi Rõivas' first cabinet 26 March 2014 – 9 April 2015380
48 Taavi Rõivas' second cabinet 9 April 2015 – 23 November 2016594
49 Jüri Ratas' first cabinet 23 November 2016 – 29 April 2019886
50 Jüri Ratas' second cabinet 29 April 2019 – 26 January 2021608
51 Kaja Kallas' first cabinet 26 January 2021 – 18 July 2022537
52 Kaja Kallas' second cabinet 18 July 2022 – 17 April 2023273
53 Kaja Kallas' third cabinet 17 April 2023 – 23 July 2024463
54 Kristen Michal's cabinet Incumbent397

References

  1. ↑ "The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia". Riigi Teataja. 16 May 2014.
  2. ↑ "Estonia's new government: Who's who". ERR. 22 July 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  3. ↑ "FOTOD JA VIDEO | Uued ministrid andsid riigikogus ametivande". Delfi (in Estonian). Retrieved 2025-08-14.
  4. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  5. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  6. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  7. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  8. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  9. ↑ "Varasemad valitsused". valitsus.ee. Archived from the original on 5 August 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.

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